国际货运代理与无船承运人法律问题比较研究

国际货运代理与无船承运人法律问题比较研究

提要

国际货运代理与无船承运人是国际货物运输市场中的两个重要角色，国际货运代理在运输系统中的地位相当于服务业在国民经济中的地位，无船承运人是随着社会分工的进一步深化从国际货运代理业中演变而来的行业。

国际货运代理与无船承运人之间在很多方面有联系，两者之间业务有交叉，往往大型的国际货运代理公司同时充当无船承运人开展经营活动。但是国际货运代理与无船承运人毕竟性质不同，两者之间更有区别，无船承运人本质上是承运人，而国际货运代理的法律性质则随着所从事的业务不同而不同。因此无论是从业务实践的角度还是从行业管理的角度出发，比较两者之间的异同点，辨析两者的含义、法律地位、业务范围、权利与义务并探讨如何完善国际货运代理和无船承运人的行业管理是十分必要的。

在深化改革开放的进程中，对外开放与对内开放同样重要，本文正是在中国加入世贸组织加快对外开放的步伐与完善国内法律法规，整顿经济秩序的背景下构思完成的。本文采取了比较研究的方法，首先，介绍了国际货运代理的发展历史，分析了货运代理产生发展及其形成因素，论述了货运代理在国际上和国内的发展概况，同时比较分析了无船承运人如何从国际货运代理行业中应运而生。其次比较了国际货运代理与无船承运人的法律地位，介绍了国际货运代理与无船承运人各自的业务范围。然后分别对国际货运代理作为纯粹代理人和合同当事人时的权利与义务及无船承运人的权利与义务进行了分析。最后就国际货运代理行业与无船承运人行业的管理制度进行了探讨。

本文在对国际货运代理和无船承运人的产生发展、涵义、法律地位、业务范围、权利义务、行业管理进行详细介绍的基础上，运用比较法与相关法学理论结合国际货运代理与无船承运人的业务实践及我国具体情况对无船承运人和国际货运代理的法律问题进行了初步探讨，并对我国国际货运代理业适应市场发展及与国际接轨提出了一些立法建议。

本文的完成从开始定题就得到了我的指导老师於世成教授的帮助，其间於老师对论文资料搜集的方向提出了宝贵建议，在论文写作过程中於老师给予学生很多指导帮助学生尽快深入课题，在论文修改阶段於老师几次阅读论文，从论文结构到论文观点，从论文文风到文句的修饰都对学生的论文进行了悉心指导和亲自修改，在此我十分感谢於老师对我的帮助。

同时我还要感谢外贸学院的各位给我任教过的老师，正是有了各位老师的教诲，学生才能有一定的法学理论基础，谢谢各位老师及所有帮助我完成论文的同学和朋友。

Abstract

The freight forwarder and non-vessel common carrier (NVOCC) are important participant in international transportation market. The status of the freight forwarder is as well as the service industry in national economic. NVOCC is outcome from the development of the freight forwarder during the deepening process of the freight forwarder.

There are many relations between the freight forwarder and non-vessel common carrier, the operations always intercross, the big freight forwarders often make business as NVOCC. But the nature of freight forwarder and NVOCC is not same, so there are more difference between them. The nature of NVOCC is carrier, but the nature of freight forwarder will change as the different business they make. So from the point of view of business practice and industry management, it is important for us to compare the same and difference points between the freight forwarder and NVOCC on meanings, law status, business scope, right and duty .

During the process of deepening reform and opening, the opening for world and in domestic are same important. The article was written in the background of entering WTO, complement the law in domestic and neatening the economic order. The article adopt the comparison method, firstly it produces the history of freight forwarder development, analyses the process of development and reasons of forming. At the same time it analyses the NVOCC how to outcome form the freight forwarder. Secondly it compares the law status between. It also introduces the business scope of them respectively. Then it analyses the right and duty of freight forwarder and NVOCC when the freight forwarder as agent and transportation contract party. Lastly it discusses the management system of freight forwarder and NVOCC.

In the base of introducing development, meanings, law status, business scope, right and duty, management system of freight forwarder and NVOCC, the artic le adopts the comparison method and related law theory to analyses the law problem of freight forwarder and NVOCC, at the same time the article makes some suggestion about how to complement the law system of freight forwarder and NVOCC.

From the beginning of writing article, we get the help from my tutor, professor YU, during the process of writing paper, professor YU make many suggestions about how to collect material how to study problem effective. He also reads my paper for several times to amend the structure of paper and words. I thanks my tutor very much for his help.

At the same time I will thank the teachers who have instructed me in foreign trade institute, as the help of the teacher I am able to write the paper. Thanks for all people