句子成分和结构
句子成分和结构
17. What he said made me unhappy. 补语
18. Soon they all became interested in 表语 the subject.
19. They didn’t know who the old man really was.
宾语
20. I’m waiting for the sound of the other shoe.
不带to的不定式:
5看3让2听1感觉 see/watch/look at/notice/observe let/make/have listen to/hear feel
可带亦可不带 to: help
定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短
语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通 常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如: something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作 定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用 作定语时须放在名词之后。 1.Jintan is a beautiful city. 形容词
4.John was late because of the heavy snow. 原因
结果 5.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
让步 6. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
7. In order to enter a good university, I must work hard. 目的
people about saving water.
不定式
7. My hope is that all of you are able to
句子成分和结构
第二讲句子成分和句子结构一:句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。
1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。
如:Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。
充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)数词4)动词-ing形式5)不定式6)名词短语7)名词从句等。
2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
如:Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。
谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)。
3、宾语:用来表示行为的对象或内容,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)I hate mouse. (我讨厌老鼠。
)这两句话中单词mouse是名词,单词him是代词,它们在句中作宾语。
充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)-ing形式5)数词6)不定式7)名词从句等。
4、定语:用来修饰名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳。
)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。
)The girl behind me is my sister. (我后面的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
)前两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词,它们作定语。
《句子成分和结构》课件
04
主语的作用是明确句子 的主题,使句子更加清 晰易懂。
谓语
谓语是句子中描述主 语动作或状态的成分 。
谓语的作用是表达主 语的动作或状态,使 句子更加完整和有意 义。
谓语通常紧跟在主语 之后,由动词或动词 短语充当。
宾语
01
02
03
04
宾语是句子中接受动作或行为 的对象。
宾语可以由名词、代词或名词 短语充当。
《句子成分和结构》ppt课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 句子成分 • 句子类型 • 句子结构 • 句子分析方法 • 常见错误分析
01
CHAPTER
句子成分
主语
01
主语是句子的主要成分 ,表示句子所描述的对 象。
02
主语通常出现在句子的 开始位置,由名词、代 词或名词短语充当。
03
主语可以由一个或多个 词语组成,但必须保持 语法上的正确性。
宾语可以出现在句子的任何位 置,但通常紧跟在谓语之后。
宾语的作用是明确动作或行为 的对象,使句子更加完整和有
意义。
状语
状语是句子中描述动作发生的时间、 地点、方式等附加信息的成分。
状语通常紧跟在宾语之后,放在句子 的末尾。
状语可以由副词、介词短语或从句充 当。
状语的作用是提供更多的细节信息, 使句子更加生动和具体。
缺点
对于一些复杂的句子,成分分 析可能会变得繁琐和复杂。
层次分析法
定义
层次分析法是一种将句子按照词语之间的层次关系进行分析的方法。
步骤
首先将句子中的词语按照层次关系进行排列,然后分析每个词语在整 个句子中的作用和意义。
优点
能够清晰地展示词语之间的层次关系,有助于理解句子中的语法结信息或表达不确定的态度,例如“你来自哪里?”、“你喜欢什么音乐?”等。疑问句通 常包括疑问词、助动词和主语等成分,用以构成问题的语气和内容。
句子成分、结构及种类
句子成分、结构和种类一、句子成分1、主语:主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当2、谓语:表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般由动词担当,位于主语的后面,表达句子的时态、语态、语气等。
谓语动词有人称和数的变化。
(1〕简单谓语 : 凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语(2〕复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。
【“情态动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________我不知道她的地址。
【“助动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________陈老师是我的数学老师。
【“连系动词 +表语〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________3、表语:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等都可以作表语。
琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。
【名词作表语】_____________________________________________那个数码相机是我的。
【代词作表语】_____________________________________________运动会之后我感到很累。
【形容词作表语】_____________________________________________4、宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,可用在及物动词和介词之后。
可以作宾语主要成分有名词〔短语〕、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,一般指物。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,一般指人。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,位于其后时,要在间接宾语前加介词to 或 for 。
我们支持你的方案【名词作宾语】_____________________________________________他邀请了我去俱乐部。
句子结构及成分
句子结构及成分一.陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句, 感叹句句子按用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old.She didn‟t hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can‟t she?3)祈使句:表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句,主语通常为you,省略.Be careful, boys.Don‟t talk in class4)感叹句:how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.How clever the boy is!What a clever boy he is!二.简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.(划线部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句。
)2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
句子的成分与结构
句子的成分与结构句子是语言中最基本的单位,用来表达完整的意义。
了解句子的成分和结构对于理解和运用语言具有重要的意义。
本文将对句子的成分和结构进行详细介绍,帮助读者更好地理解和运用句子。
一、句子的成分句子是由不同的成分组成的,每个成分都承担着不同的语法功能。
常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。
1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或事物。
主语通常位于谓语的前面。
例如:小明在公园玩耍。
2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中说明主语动作、状态或属性的部分。
谓语是句子的核心成分。
例如:小明在公园玩耍。
3. 宾语(Object):句子中接受动作的对象。
宾语通常接在及物动词后面。
例如:小明在公园玩耍球。
4. 定语(Attributive):句子中修饰名词或代词属性的部分。
定语通常位于名词的前面。
例如:美丽的花园。
5. 状语(Adverbial):句子中修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分。
状语可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
例如:我每天早上都去跑步。
6. 补语(Complement):句子中补充说明主语、宾语或谓语的性质或状态的部分。
补语通常位于动词、形容词或名词后面。
例如:他是医生。
7. 同位语(Appositive):句子中用来进一步说明名词或代词的成分。
同位语通常位于名词的后面,并用逗号隔开。
例如:小明,我们的班长,是个好学生。
二、句子的结构句子的结构指的是句子中各个成分的语法关系和排列顺序。
1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):由一个主谓结构构成的句子。
例如:我喜欢看电影。
2. 复合句(Compound Sentence):由两个或者更多的主谓结构构成的句子。
例如:我喜欢看电影,但是他更喜欢读书。
3. 并列句(Coordinate Sentence):由两个或者更多的具有相同地位的分句构成的句子。
例如:我喜欢看电影,他喜欢读书。
4. 从句(Subordinate Clause):不能独立存在的句子,必须依附于主句使用。
英语句子成分及基本结构
宾语补足语(complement of object)
补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. 宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 : make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked me to lend her a hand.
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.
Mike ate three apples.
句子成份和句子结构
句子成份和句子结构——By Yang De Rui 一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语:表示句子主要说明或描述的对象,一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:My sister is a teacher.(名词)我的姐姐是老师。
We often speak English in class.(代词)我们经常在课上讲英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)这个班三分之一的学生是女生。
思考:哪些词不能充当主语?我们在学习中常犯哪些错误?该怎么处理?2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
思考1:哪些词不能充当谓语?1)简单谓语:she works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。
(动作)思考2:简单谓语有哪种形式?我们常出现哪些错误?2)复合谓语:I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
We are reading books. 我们正在读书。
He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
My sister is a teacher. (我的姐姐是老师。
)The weather has turned cold.(天气已经变冷了。
)系动词:是用来帮助说明主语的动词,不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语,如:be, become, turn, look, go等。
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为支配的对象,跟在及物动词之后。
We like English. 我喜欢英语。
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
句子成分和结构
句子成分和结构
1. 嘿,句子成分就像搭积木,主谓宾定状补各有各的位置呢,就好比我做蛋糕,鸡蛋面粉糖都得分开放好呀。
2. 句子结构就像盖房子,得有稳固的框架,不然会摇摇欲坠,这和我搭乐高积木一个道理,结构不好就容易散架。
3. 主啊谓啊的,就像我每天吃饭睡觉一样自然平常,是句子的基本组成部分呢。
4. 定语就像给句子化个妆,让它更好看些,就如同我出门前精心挑选衣服打扮一样。
5. 状语就像是给句子加上一些具体的情境,跟我讲故事时描述周围环境差不多。
6. 补语呢,好像是给句子打个补丁,让它更完善,就像我裤子破了要补一块一样。
7. 分析句子成分和结构有时候挺头疼的,就像我解一道很难的数学题一样。
8. 不过呢,搞懂了句子成分和结构,就像我掌握了一项厉害的技能,应用起来就得心应手咯,比如我做手工时熟练地使用各种工具。
英语句子成分及结构
They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语)
I have something to do. (不定式作定语)
这类动词叫做及物动词。
如:1. Who │knows │the answer? 2. He │admits │that he was mistaken
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语); 一个指物 (直接宾语)。 eg:give / pass / bring / show Give me a cup of tea please./ Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. / Show this house to Mr. Smith. 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. A:动词后加to give 给 show给……看 send寄,打电报 bring带…… read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把……还给… write给……写信 throw扔…… promise答应…… refuse 拒绝 B:动词后加for make生产,制造…… buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌
2 谓语
说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须用动词,放在主语后面, 且主谓一致。
句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)
• ②如果被修饰的词为some,any,evey,no 等构
成的不定代词(如anything,something等), 定语要放在这些词的后面。
• There is nothing interesting in the book.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
指出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
(四)表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份, 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. (名词) • I’m not quite myself today. (代词) • Who was the first? (数词) • The war was over. (副词) • He is out of condition. (介词短词) • They seem to know the truth. (动词不定式) • His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) • That is what he told me yesterday. (从词)
英语句子成分和基本结构
简单句、并列句和复合句
• 〔一句子种类两种分类法 • 1、按句子的用途可分四种: • 1陈述句〔肯定、否定:He is six years old; She
didn’t hear of you before. 2疑问句〔一般、特殊、选择、反意:Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4感叹句:How clever the boy is!
We will soon make our city what your city is now. 〔从句
定语<attributive>
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.〔形容词 China is a developing country; America is a developed country.〔分词 There are thirty women teachers in our school.〔名词 His rapid progress in English made us surprised.〔代词 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.〔不定式短语 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.〔动名词 He is reading an article about how to learn English.〔介词短语
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。
(一)主语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。
它是句子的核心成分之一,决定了句子描述的主体。
例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中,“Tom”就是主语,这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。
2. 构成。
- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。
- 名词作主语很常见,如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。
- 代词作主语,例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。
- 数词作主语,像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。
- 动名词作主语,如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。
- 不定式作主语,“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。
- 名词化的形容词作主语,“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。
- 从句作主语,“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。
(二)谓语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
在句子中,谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中,“sings”就是谓语,它描述了Mary的动作。
2. 构成。
- 谓语一般由动词充当,包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
- 实义动词可以独立作谓语,表示具体的动作,如“eat”“drink”“run”等。
例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。
句子结构与句子成分
句子结构与句子成分
句子结构是指句子的组成方式,包括主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾补结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构、主谓状结构等。
句子成分是构成句子的基本要素,包括主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和状语等。
主语:句子中表达动作或状态的中心,是句子的主要成分。
例如,"小明"是主语。
谓语:句子中表达动作或状态的关键,用来说明主语的动作、性质、状态等。
例如,"是"是谓语。
宾语:句子中被动作所直接作用的对象。
例如,"一名医生"是宾语。
补语:句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的词或短语。
例如,"聪明"是主补,"到了三年级"是宾补。
定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的词或短语。
例如,"漂亮的花"中的"漂亮"就是定语。
状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或短语。
例如,"昨天"是时间状语。
状语从句:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。
例如,"我希望他能来"中的"我希望"是主句,"他能来"是状语从句。
九大句子成分五大句子结构
will be answered tomorrow.
9. 呼语:称呼用语。
如:Sir、Madam、Your Majesty、Your Highness
3. There be结构的句子扩充:
There be +(定语) +主语+(定语)+(地状) +(时状).
There is a book on the desk. There is an English book on the desk. There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British historian, on the desk that stands near the window. 积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造 句方法,同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。
We will make him monitor. The good news made us happy. Please let me in. My mother gets me to read English every morning. He kept me waiting for two hours. The news that our team had won the match made
Thanks! Live with passion! Enjoy your study.
grandpa. The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as
句子成分及种类
句子成分&句子结构一、句子成分句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等;主语和谓语是句子的必需部分;宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分;其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分;有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分;1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题;主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当;Some people can’t use the computer. 名词作主语He teaches us English. 代词作主语Three and five is eight. 数词作主语To read in bed is bad for your eyes. 不定式作主语Eating more vegetables is good for us. 动名词短语作主语That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. 从句作主语广东Do you need more time to complete the taskYes, another ten days _____ enough.A, is B, are C, was D, were2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态;谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后;谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语;The boy speaks Japanese. 简单谓语Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 简单谓语I can play the baseball. 合成谓语Our city becomes more beautiful. 合成谓语3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当;I bought a book. 单宾语,名词The news surprised us. 单宾语,代词He told me the news about it. 双宾语,代词/名词A friend lent some money to me. 双宾语, 名词/代词We consider him an honest boy. 复合宾语Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. 复合宾语4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语;My pen friend is an American boy. 名词This book isn’t mine. 代词He was the first to come to school yesterday. 数词The man looks strong. 形容词My father is out. 副词His job is to clean the school. 动词不定式短语The dictionary is in the bag. 介词短语Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词短语The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. 从句5.定语:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种; (1)前置定语:常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格,动词-ing 形式等;We had a good time in the park. adj.His father is doctor. pron.She cut the meat into two pieces. numeralThis is a stone table. n.Let’s put the child in the sleeping bag. v-ing(2)后置定语: 常用来充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语和从句等;I have got something interesting to tell every one of you. Adj.The trees around were cut last week. Adv.Would do you like something to drink InfinitiveThe book on the bed is mine. Prepositional phraseThe model plane flying in the sky is made by Bill. Present participleThe woman who stands at the gate is my mother. Subordinate clause6.状语:状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等;状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、从句等担当;They are walking in the park.He was looking everywhere for Jane.She was deeply moved by the story I told her.I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t hear clearly what he said.7.补足语: 补足语是用来说明主语或宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分;含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语成了主语补足语;可以作为补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;You must keep your bedroom clean.He was once again found wandering along the street.现在分词作主语补足语His parents made him stay at home. 动词不定式作宾语补足语→He was made to stay at home by his parents. 动词不定式作主语补足语8.同位语: 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语;同位语常置于被说明的词之后;同位语由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当;This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We each have a cellphone now.You may leave it to us two.We are excited about the news that we win the match.9.独立成分: 在句子中插入一个词或短语,这个词或短语并不和其他成分发生语法关系,此时这个词或短语就是一种独立成分;独立成分包括称呼语、感叹语、插入语等;Hurry up, friends, or we’ll be late. 称呼语作独立成分Aha I’ve got you right here. 感叹语作独立成分By the way, what do you usually do at weekend 插入语作独立成分二、句子结构英语句子按照结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;1.简单句:只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫简单句;判断下列句子属于哪种简单句的基本句型:We walked and laughed.The children are playing.Children often sing this song.I don’t know what to do.My bike is new.He became a famous scientist.Mr. Wu teaches us English.My father bought me a new camera.We can hear someone playing the violin next door.We can keep it warm.拓展:There +be +主语+ 状语英语中有一个独特的句型叫there be 结构,该结构表示“某地/某时存在某人/某物”;There 无意义,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须保持一致;句子最后为地点状语或时间状语;There is a car in front of the house.There are many books in his school bag.2.并列句: 并列句是由并列连词and, but, or, so等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子;并列连词的基本句子结构为:简单句+并列连词+ 简单句;(1)表示并列的并列连词I help her and she helps me.Both Wendy and Kate are from American.(2)表示选择的并列连词The girls can go with us, or they can stay at home.Either he or she is going to help us.(3)表示因果的并列连词The days are short, for it is now December.The boy did his homework carefully, so he never made any mistakes(4)表示转折的并列连词It is very good, yet it can be better.He is old but he is in good health.That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.3.复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句;主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,仅用作句子的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等;We shouldn’t give our children whatever they want.I’ll never forget the stories that my grandma told me.He worked for a foreign company when he was in Shanghai.一.划出下列句子中的主语①A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.②I don’t know if it will grow.③ Doing your homework in time is important.④To win the game is difficult.⑤There are some people in our classroom.⑥Five is not enough.二. 划出下列句子中的谓语①I saw a girl.②I love you.③ You should work English hard.④You had better take a bus.⑤I want to give you a book.三.划出下列句子中的宾语①I saw a cat in the tree.②We think you are right.③ My father bought me a book.④We call him LaoWang.⑤We forgot to close the window.四.划出下列句子中的定语①That is a beautiful flower.②This is my book, not your book.③ I have a lot of things to do.④I have met the boy in that room.⑤He has something important to say.五.划出下列句子中的状语①He is playing under the tree.②Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.③ The house is dirty because he didn’t clean it.④He buys a gift to make her happy.⑤If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.六. 划出下列句子中的表语①These desks are yellow.②It is getting cooler and cooler now.③ My work is teaching English,④It sounds good.⑤It smells nice.七. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1.During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular. 名词2.We often speak English in class. 代词3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词7.When we are going to have an English test hasnot been decided.主语从句8.It is necessary to master a foreignlanguage.it 作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
如:Do you speak English?They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。
句子成分和句子结构
一、句子成分句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
包括:主语,谓语,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:Y ou may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
句子成分及句子结构
句子成分及句子结构一.句子成分主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You do n’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel (摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
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1. Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故
事书。
2. I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
3. He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他
想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——直接宾语表示动作的承受 者,一般是物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做 的,一般是人。合称双宾语。这两个宾语不能形成 逻辑上的主谓关系。例如: 1. He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语 直接宾语 2. Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老 师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语 直接宾语
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如:
I am reading. are reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We
三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代
词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动
词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如:
15.We made him our monitor.
Five basic sentence pattern
英语五种基本句型如下:
一: S V (主+谓) 二: S V P (主+系+表) 三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 四: S V O O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
6.He often walks in the park. 7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
8.He bought me a nice present last week.
A.宾语 A.宾语 B.直接宾语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补 C.谓语 D.定语
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或 “什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词
或短语充当new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学 好英语不容易。
(介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
3. She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. (介词短语)她将于星期一到达
北京。
4. He stopped to have a look. (不定式短语)他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补
足语,意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。在 复合宾语中,宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上) 的主谓关系。例如:
3.S+V+O 在此句式中,V是及物动词( vt.) 。 例如: ⑴. I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部电影。 ⑵. Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗? ⑶. They found their home easily.他们很容易找 到他们的家。 ⑷. They built a house last year.他们去年建了一所房子。 ⑸. They’ve put up a factory in the village.他们在村里 建了一座工厂。 ⑹. They have taken good care of the children.这些孩子 他们照看得很好。 ⑺. You should look after your children well.你应该好好 照看你的孩子。
5. S +V+ O+ C
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个 宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足 语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
⑴. The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士. ⑵. New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松. ⑶. I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作. ⑷. The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学
9.His parents are doctors. 10.I’ll get you some tea now.
A.宾语
A.表语
B.直接宾语
B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语 D.宾补
C.间接宾语 D.宾补
11.My mother told us an interesting story last night. 12.He has read the book twice.
Members of a sentence
句子的组成成分叫句子成分。句子成分由词或词组
充当。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、 谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语 (object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和 补语(complement)。
宾语 宾语补足语
Exercises:
指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1.We all study English hard.
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语
2.Betty likes her new bike very much.
A. 主语
A. 主语
B.谓语
B.谓语
C.宾语
C.宾语
D.表语
4. Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词
外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短 语等。例如: 1. This is a green cup.(形容词)这是一个绿色的杯子。 2. Are these students your classmates? (代词)这些学生是你班的吗?
D.表语
3.My brother is a policeman.
4.Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.
A. 定语 A.定语 A.定语 B.状语 B.状语 B.状语 C.宾补 C.宾语 C.宾补 D.表语 D.表语 D.表语
4.S+V+O1+O2 在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带 双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay, lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一 套新衣裳。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给 丈夫煮了一顿美餐。 3. He gave me a book /a book to me.他给我一本书。 4. He brought me a pen /a pen to me.他带给我一枝 钢笔。 5. He offered me his seat /his seat to me.他把座位 让给我。
2.S+V+P 在此句式中,V是系动词(linking verb),常见的系动 词有:look,seem, appear,sound,feel,taste,smell, grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still, become,turn 等。例如:
⑴. He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 ⑵. He seem interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感 兴趣。 ⑶. The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 ⑷. The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 ⑸. The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎 么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如: 1. We work hard.我们努力工作。 2. The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 3. He is my father. 他是我父亲。 4. They all look fine. 他们都很好。
3. Winter is the coldest season of the year.(介词短语)冬天是一年中最冷的
季节。
4. I have something important to tell you.(不定式)我有重要的事情要告诉你。 5. The people here are very friendly.(副词)这里的人们非常友好。
A.主语
A.表语 A.状语 A.宾语
B.谓语
B.谓语 B.定语 B.定语
C.表语
C.宾语 C.宾语 C. 状语
D.宾语
D.定语 D.宾补 D.宾补
13.They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.
14.Do you have something to eat ?
1. S + V 在此句式中,V是不及物动词(vi.)。例如: ⑴. He runs quickly.他跑得快。 ⑵. They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 ⑶. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。 ⑷. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、 吃和喝。 ⑸. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 ⑹. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。