高一英语:定语从句归纳总结
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定语从句的类型:
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如:
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用
逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city,in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate,on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,
either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which 连用。
He has five children,two of whom are abroad.
(比较:He has five children,and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books,none of which is/are interesting.
(比较:We have three books,but none of them
is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先
行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer,whose leg was badly hurt,was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语,宾语都用which;关系副词用when 或where,也不能省略。
The man,______ is sitting on the chair,is my father.
The woman,_______ I met yesterday,is my English teacher.
The city,_______ is far away,is very beautiful.
He went to America,______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday,______ I left,too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:
The house,whose window faces south,is mine.
=The house,the window of which faces south,is mine.
=The house,of which the window faces south,is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时,关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
②当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时:
介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。