微观经济学课件中英文13
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• Implicit costs are input costs that do not require an outlay of money by the firm.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit
Economists measure a firm’s economic profit as total revenue minus all the opportunity costs (explicit and implicit). Accountants measure the accounting profit as the firm’s total revenue minus only the firm’s explicit costs. In other words, they ignore the implicit costs.
什么是成本?
企业的目标 企业的经济目标是利润最大化
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Total Revenue,Total Cost,and profit 总收入、总成本与利润
Total Revenue 总收入
成本是机会成本
一个企业的生产成本包括生产物品与劳 务量的所有机会成本。
显性成本和隐性成本 一个企业的生产成本包括显性成本与隐性 成本。
• 显性成本— 要求企业直接支付货币的投入要素 成本。
• 隐性成本—不要求企业支付货币的投入要素成 本。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The amount that the firm receives for the sale of its output. 企业销售产品所得
Total Cost 总成本
The market value of the inputs a firm uses in production.
企业用于生产的投入要素的市场价值。
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost 利润＝总收入－总成本
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costs as Opportunity Costs
A firm’s cost of production includes all the opportunity costs of making its output of goods and services. Explicit and Implicit Costs
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
A Firm’s Profit 公司利润
Profit is the firm’s total revenue minus itLeabharlann Baidu total cost.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
什么是成本?
根据供给规律: 当一种物品价格高时，厂商愿意 生产和销售的更多。
这导致供给曲线向上倾斜。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
5
FIRM BEHAVIOR AND THE ORGANIZATION OF INDUSTRY 企业行为与产业组织
The Costs of roduction 生产成本
Chapter 13
The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium.
WHAT ARE COSTS?
The Firm’s Objective
The economic goal of the firm is to maximize profits.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
供给与需求的市场力量
供给与需求是经济学家最常用的两 个词。 供给与需求是使市场经济运行的力 量。 现代微观经济学就是研究供给、需 求与市场均衡的学科。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
A firm’s cost of production include explicit costs and implicit costs.
• Explicit costs are input costs that require a direct outlay of money by the firm.
WHAT ARE COSTS?
According to the Law of Supply:
Firms are willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of a good when the price of the good is high. This results in a supply curve that slopes upward.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit
Economists measure a firm’s economic profit as total revenue minus all the opportunity costs (explicit and implicit). Accountants measure the accounting profit as the firm’s total revenue minus only the firm’s explicit costs. In other words, they ignore the implicit costs.
什么是成本?
企业的目标 企业的经济目标是利润最大化
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Total Revenue,Total Cost,and profit 总收入、总成本与利润
Total Revenue 总收入
成本是机会成本
一个企业的生产成本包括生产物品与劳 务量的所有机会成本。
显性成本和隐性成本 一个企业的生产成本包括显性成本与隐性 成本。
• 显性成本— 要求企业直接支付货币的投入要素 成本。
• 隐性成本—不要求企业支付货币的投入要素成 本。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The amount that the firm receives for the sale of its output. 企业销售产品所得
Total Cost 总成本
The market value of the inputs a firm uses in production.
企业用于生产的投入要素的市场价值。
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost 利润＝总收入－总成本
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Costs as Opportunity Costs
A firm’s cost of production includes all the opportunity costs of making its output of goods and services. Explicit and Implicit Costs
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
A Firm’s Profit 公司利润
Profit is the firm’s total revenue minus itLeabharlann Baidu total cost.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
什么是成本?
根据供给规律: 当一种物品价格高时，厂商愿意 生产和销售的更多。
这导致供给曲线向上倾斜。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
5
FIRM BEHAVIOR AND THE ORGANIZATION OF INDUSTRY 企业行为与产业组织
The Costs of roduction 生产成本
Chapter 13
The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium.
WHAT ARE COSTS?
The Firm’s Objective
The economic goal of the firm is to maximize profits.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
供给与需求的市场力量
供给与需求是经济学家最常用的两 个词。 供给与需求是使市场经济运行的力 量。 现代微观经济学就是研究供给、需 求与市场均衡的学科。
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
A firm’s cost of production include explicit costs and implicit costs.
• Explicit costs are input costs that require a direct outlay of money by the firm.
WHAT ARE COSTS?
According to the Law of Supply:
Firms are willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of a good when the price of the good is high. This results in a supply curve that slopes upward.