英美概况试题1

I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)

英国部分·1-20

1. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth?

A. Members of nations are joined together politically.

B. The Commonwealth has special powers.

C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.

D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.

答案：【D】

【翻译】英联邦是一个自由的组织，成员大多是英国早前的殖民地国家，现都已独立。

【课本】英国部分第一章领土与人民I.英国的不同名称

【解说】

2. Under_ ，the feudal system in England was completely established.

A. King Alfred

B. Henry II

C. Edward I

D. William the Conqueror

答案：【D】

【翻译】在威廉的统治下，英国的封建制度彻底建立起来。

【课本】英国部分第三章英国的形成（1066-1381）I.诺曼王朝的统治

【解说】在英国漫长的历史当中，1066年，诺曼征服可谓是重彩的一笔。1066年十月十四日，黑斯庭战役后，来自法国（诺曼公爵）威廉登陆英格兰称王。King Edward死后，四人争霸以威廉William the Conqueror 的胜出而结束。

3. The cause of the Hundred Y ears' War was_ .

A. territorial

B. economic

C. partly territorial and partly economic

D. partly territorial and partly religious

答案：【C】

【翻译】英法百年战争的起因有二，一是英国在法国的领地争端；二是经济原因。

【课本】英国部分第三章英国的形成（1066-1381）III. 英法百年战争(1337-1453)

【解说】在1337年到1453年近百年的时间里，英国和法国之间进行了无数次的交战，由于战争断断续续的进行了百年之久，因此得名“英法百年战争”。最后法国取得了胜利，英国手中仅占领法国Calais加莱港。“圣女贞德”Joan of Arc是此次战争中，法国的女英雄。带领法国人民取得了最后的胜利。

4. Which of the following is NOT true about the Anglo-Saxons?

A. They were regarded as ferocious (凶残的) people.

B. They established the manorial system.

C. They divided the country into different shires.

D. Their tribes were seldom at war with one another.

答案：【D】

【翻译】Anglo-Saxon人是凶残的条顿(Teutonic Tribes)民族，在英国建立了庄园制和郡县制。

【课本】英国部分第二章英国的起源III. 盎格鲁-撒克逊人(446-871)

【解说】Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people, constantly quarrelling, they laid the foundations of the English state. They divided the country into shires. They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued until the agricultural revolution in the 18th century. They also established the manorial system and the Witan.

5. As a result of the Black Death, .

A. much land was left untended and there was a shortage of labour

B. landowners tended to change from sheep-farming to arable-farming

C. the government did not show much concern about the labour shortage

D. the government took several measures to raise the peasants' wages

答案：【A】

【翻译】黑死病的一个影响是，田地无人耕种，劳动力短缺。

【课本】英国部分第三章英国的形成IV.黑死病（1348-1349）和农民起义（1381）

【解说】Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century, particularly in 1347-1350. It killed between one half and one third of the population of England.

6. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _ .

A. 1035

B. 1042

C. 1066

D. 1606

答案：【C】

【翻译】诺曼征服发生在1066年。

【课本】英国部分第二章英国的起源（5000BC-1066）V..诺曼征服

【解说】When Edward the Confessor was on his dead-bed, four men laid claim to the English throne, the King of Norway (Hardrada), the Duke of Normandy (William), and two brothers (Tostig, and Harold) of Edward's Queen, Edith. When Edward died, the Witan chose Harold as king. Hardrada and Tostig were defeated by Harold and both were killed. Thus left Harold and William, to combat. And, on Oct. 14, 1066 the two armies clashed in a hard fought battle on Sebkac Field, near Hastings. William won the battle with his cavalry, the finest fighting hoursemen in Europe. Anglo-Saxon England perished with Harold's death. William entered London, and on Christmas Day, he was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by Archbishop of Y ork.

7. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Wars of the Roses?

A. Feudalism received its death-blow.

B. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.

C. The king's power became supreme.

D. Ordinary people were greatly affected.

答案：【D】

【翻译】玫瑰战争导致的结果是，给英国封建制度以致命打击；中世纪的贵族势力得到了削弱；国王享有至高无上的权利。战事并没有殃及百姓。

【课本】英国部分第四章过渡时期I. 向现代过渡（1455-1485）

【解说】金雀花王朝The Plantagenet Family，战争的双方是金雀花王朝的两大家族，the House of Lancaster （红）and the House of Y ork（白）。战争开始于1455年，Henry VI (1422-1461) 执政时开始，约克家族Edward