2020高考英语专题复习 被动语态和虚拟语气
高考英语二轮专题复习 必备虚拟语气
高考英语二轮专题复习 必备虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在状从句中的用法必背结构:从 句 主 句与现在 事实反 动词的过去式(be 的过去式一般用were )would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式,should + 动词原形,were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 必背例句:1、 If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿 ,一切都没问题了。
2、If you had taken my advice ,you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
3、 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would ,could ,might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天,我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。
4、 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。
5、 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。
(混合条件句)6、 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
7、 Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.我要是你,就不做这事。
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题13:虚拟语气
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析13虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。
高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。
考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况,并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。
考点一用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反,从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间,用不同的形式。
1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. (2018北京)A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。
2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.(2017北京)A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。
3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. (2016北京)A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B【解析】由last week可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。
4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________.(2016天津)A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故主句用would have done。
高考英语真题动词的时态被动和虚拟
高考英语真题动词的时态、被动和虚拟汉语和英语的句子的主干部分的结构基本是一致的,但是由于英语有了非谓语动词、从句和介词短语做修饰成分,导致了汉语和英语的句子有了差异。
英语的谓语动词的基本结构:助动词+实义动词I will go to Beijing.I have had my lunch.I have been informed the news.I must work hard.I love you.=I do love you.He loves you.=He does love you.Does he love you?I do love you.(这里的do强调的是love的时态)I did love you.助动词的作用是:时态、被动、虚拟和情态,而实义动词的作用只是词的意思。
真正在考试的时候是考的是动词的时态、被动、虚拟和情态。
英语的四类助动词Do类助动词:do does didWill类助动词:will would(=will+did)Have类助动词:have has(=have+does) had(=have+did)Be类助动词:am is are was were助动词就是帮助谓语动词“变态”的词。
谓语动词“变态”的含义:时态:动词随时间(现在、将来、过去、过去将来)和状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)的改变而发生的变态的改变而发生的变态、(完成进行=进行了)所以英语的时态有16种。
被动:表现被动含义的变态虚拟:白纸黑字说瞎话情态:变现谓语动词情感色彩的变态。
Do类助动词表示:一般、现在和过去,此外,虚拟是由did来表示的。
Do类助动词一般是和实义动词捏在一起来表示的,比如:I loved you. Will类助动词表示各种将来。
在will类助动词后面的动词必须用动词原形。
Have类助动词表示各种完成。
Have类助动词后面必须用过去分词。
Be类助动词,后面跟doing表示进行,后面跟done表示被动。
高考英语专题复习被动语态课件
mother for his birthday.
3 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变 为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中 的主语,其余不动。
into the building.
5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如 “动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也 可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一 个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词 也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there.
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next y情态动 词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 The new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
语法专题7—被动语态和虚拟语气
Great changes have been taken place in China. (wrong) ---Great changes have taken place in China.( right)
使 役 动 词
感 观 动 词
II:有的动词没有被动语态结构。
1)不及物动词没有被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态,因为只有及物动 词才有承受者。常见的不及物动词有:die, last(持续), rise, happen, sit, stand, lie, become, appear, 等等,所以你们平 时说:He was died 2 years ago. 是完全错误的。应该去掉 was. 2) 连系动词或者说是五觉动词没有被动语态 因为连系动词或者说是五觉动词属于不及物动词 如:look, sound, smell, feel, taste 这些动词 This apple is tasted nice. 是错误的。 正确的是:This apple tastes nice.
在学习被动语态中要注意的问题
在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面 我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。 I: 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等) 在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to,但改为被动语态时,要 补上to。如: A. The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. ---The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. B. I saw him enter the house. ---He was seen to enter the house (by me). C. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. ---They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. D. We hear her sing in the room every day. ---She is heard to sing in the room every day.
2020高考英语二轮热点复习-虚拟语气
2020高中英语语法——虚拟语气贵州省纳雍县雍安育才高级中学张槐忠语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法。
英语中有三种语气,即陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
这里主要谈谈虚拟语气,虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望,假设和虚拟的情况,用在非真实条件句中,表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望。
动词的形式有以下几种变化:与现在事实相反:条件句主句过去式(be用were) would/ could/ should/ might+动词原形例如:If I were you , I would/ should start.(如果我是你,我就开始了。
事实:我不是你,也没有开始。
)。
与过去事实相反:条件句主句Had + P . P, would/should/ should/ might/ +have+P .PIf I had not made such mistakes , I mighthave not in trouble.(如果我没例如:有犯这种错误,我可能就没有麻烦。
事实:我犯了错误,我有麻烦了)。
与将来事实相反:条件句主句(1)过去式。
(2)should(were to)+动词原形would/ could/ should/might +动词原形例如:If it would be Christmast tomorrow.We would have some Christmas presents.(假如明天是圣诞节,我们就会有许多圣诞礼物。
事实:明天不是圣诞节,我们也不会有礼物。
)。
虚拟语气在几种特殊句型中的利用:(1).在 It is (high / about) time that的句型中,that 从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气,但意指“未来”,意思是“是------的时候了”,句中的“that ”可以省略。
例如:A: It is high time they were taught a lesson .(该是教训他们的时候了)。
2020全国高考英语 单项选择题解析 情态动词和虚拟语气专题
2020全国高考英语单项选择题解析情态动词和虚拟语气专题1.(2020全国卷,32) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should答案 D解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。
句意为“他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。
”will have done将来可以完成;can have done可能做过……吗?表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句;must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测;should have done 本来应该做某事,而实际没做。
but their flight was delayed这样的结果,说明他们本来该到达却没有到达,因此选D。
2.(2020全国卷II,8) If you smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may答案 C解析:考查情态动词的用法。
句意为“如果你非得要抽烟,请到外面去抽。
”must (表示主张)一定要,坚持要。
根据后一句please go outside的要求,选C。
3.(2020北京卷,24)——I don’t really like Ja mes. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not答案 D解析:考查情态动词的用法。
句意为“——我真不喜欢James。
你为何请了他?——别担心。
他可能来不了。
他说他的计划还没安排好。
”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定might not。
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊,对于要高考的同学们来说,那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿,简单来说,就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说,“要是我当时好好学习,现在就不会这么发愁了”,这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反,从句就得用“if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were)”,主句呢,就得用“主语+ would/could/should/might +动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨,说:“老师,要是我现在有超能力,一下子就能记住所有单词,那英语考试就不愁啦!”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if +主语+ had +过去分词”,主句就得变成“主语+ would/could/should/might + have +过去分词”。
我记得有一次,一个同学考完试后懊悔地说:“哎呀,要是我考试前多做几道数学题,这次就不会错那么多了!”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的,从句可以是“if +主语+ were to +动词原形;if +主语+ should +动词原形”,主句依然是“主语+would/could/should/might +动词原形”。
想象一下,有同学说:“要是明天世界末日,今天我就啥也不学,尽情玩!”虽然这事儿不太可能,但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说,wish 后的宾语从句,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时;与将来事实相反用 would/could +动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说:“真希望我现在是个学霸,啥题都会做!”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中,“It is +形容词(或过去分词)+that”结构中,如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等,从句的谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。
2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 虚拟语气
2020;2020高考英语最后30天语法精讲虚拟语气1、If 条件句时间从句主句与现在相反过去式woul d / should /could / might do与过去相反 had done would / should / could have done与将来相反①过去式② were to do③ should dowould /should /could / might doIf I were you, I would leave now.If you had asked me yesterday, I could have told you.If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.NOTICE: 错综时间条件句(根据所表示的时间调整)If you had followed me, you wouldn’t miss the train now.2、主语从句中的虚拟①It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clauseIt’s necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.②It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned.3、wish + that-clause①现在的愿望:I wish that you weren’t so lazy.②过去的愿望:I wish that you hadn’t hurt Jim so much.③将来的愿望:I wish you wouldn’t talk like that.--- Have you ever studied French ?--- No, but I wish I had.4、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起:order, demand, suggestionHe gave orders that the test (should) be fin ished before 5:30.His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there.5、宾语从句中的虚拟下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气:demand, insist, order, require, etc. The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.NOTICE: ①suggest “暗示,表明“Her expression suggested that he was angry.②insist “坚持认为是怎么回事”The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.He insisted that John (should) do it.6、状语从句中的虚拟①as if (though)●与现在相反,从句用过去时He talks as if he knew everything.●与过去相反,从句用过去完成时He looks (looked) as if she had wept.●客观事实,从句用陈述句语气It looks as if you are tired.②so that, even if (though)Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended .7、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气①without : Without your help, I shouldn’t get a result.②but for”若非“: But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan.8、句型①It’s time + that-clause (指现在或将来)It’s time that you went to school .( should go to school)②would rather + that-clause(指现在或将来)I’d rather you went home now.Don’t come tomorrow, I’d rather you came next week.③what if… “如果… 怎么办?“What if they should come here ?9、虚拟语气的倒装Were I you, I would leave now.Had you asked me yesterday, I could have told you.Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.EXERCISES:1.We last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. wouldstudyA. must have studied C. might study D. should have studied2.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.---They be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need3. ---Will you stay for lunc h? ---Sorry, . My brother iscoming tosee me. A. I can’t B. I mustn’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t4. ---Write to me when you get home. --- .A..I mustB. I shouldC.I willD. I can5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could6. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told7. A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not8. Peter come with us tonig ht, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will(DBACCAAB)。
高考英语每周一卷第十二周 用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型+Word版含答案
第十二周用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较等句型在写作中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多,要普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials.→To enlarge vocabulary, more native materials should be read.②They carried out a survey among 260 students.→A survey was carried out among 260 students.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language. (2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
②Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearesthospital.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)幸运的是,她受伤不严重,并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。
(2)情态动词+be+过去分词①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量,应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的,如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
英语被动语态+虚拟语气
英语被动语态+虚拟语⽓英语被动语态动词的被动语态⼀般⽤于强调受者,做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。
动词的被动语态⼀般不单独考,⽽是和时态、语⽓和⾮谓语动词⼀起考,需要注意以下考点。
考点⼀:不能⽤于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed.It took place before liberation.考点⼆:下列动词的主动语态表⽰被动意义,⽽且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连⽤:lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车⾛起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱⼦很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
注意: 被动语态句⼦仍然有各种时态变化。
由于构成被动语态的⾏为动词变成了动词-ed形式,所以被动语态句⼦的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1. be + done2. may/can/must + be done3. be being + done4. have been done使⽤被动语态应注意下⾯⼏点:1. 短语动词的被动语态,要保持短语动词的完整性,动词后⾯的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
如:put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, etc.eg: These books must be taken good care of.The children were well looked after.2. 带双宾语的动词( give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)的被动语态:将其中⼀个宾语变成主语,另⼀个宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语。
(英语)高考英语被动语态题20套(带答案)含解析
(英语)高考英语被动语态题20套(带答案)含解析一、单项选择被动语态1.Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be over 200 million by 2020.A.predicts B.is predicted C.will have been predicted D.will be predicted【答案】B【解析】考查时态和被动语态。
句意:由于中国城市化的速度不断提高,到2020年,中国的流动人口预计将超过2亿。
结合句意可知,用一般现在时态的被动语态,句子主语是population,单数第三人称形式,故答案为B。
该题容易误选D项,是现在预计,而不是将来预计,故用现在时态。
2. A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus.A.confirmed B.had been confirmedC.was confirmed D.have confirmed【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年,当时,一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。
Confirm证实,确认,根据was reported in 2014可知,是过去的事情,先行词是2014,定语从句也用一般过去时,排除B、D;woman与confirm是动宾关系,即她是被确诊的,故选C。
考点:考查时态与被动语态3.Don’t worry. The hard work that you d o now _____ later in life.A.will be repaid B.was being repaidC.has been repaid D.was repaid【答案】A【解析】试题解析:考查时态辨析。
2020高考英语一轮复习语法第28讲:虚拟语气
虚拟语气在英语表达中,说话人说话的口气即语气。
除了语调之外,最主要的是需要使用动词的不同形式来表现各种语气。
英语中一共有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
日常生活中大多数的句子都使用陈述语气,祈使句使用祈使语气。
本章主要着重讲解虚拟语气的用法,因为虚拟语气只在某几类句子中才使用,这种特殊性决定了虚拟语气在高中语法学习中的重要性。
典型例句:1.She is a pretty little girl.她是一个俊俏的小姑娘。
(陈述语气)2.Have a good holiday!(祝你)假日愉快!(祈使语气)3.If you love her,you wouldn’t say that.假如你爱她,你就不会说出那种话。
(虚拟语气)一、虚拟语气用于条件句1.非真实条件句虚拟语气可用于条件句中,条件句分为两种:一种是真实条件句,另一种是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气,在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
真实条件句:如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,可以说几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,也就是说,这时的条件句是非真实的条件句。
此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。
非真实条件句(以do和be为例):If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.主语+did 主语+ +do重要:在非真实条件句中,如果谓语动词是be,一般要用were,特别是在较正式的文体中;在口语中,除了If I were you结构中的were不能改动外,在第一、三人称后,有时可用was。
在与将来事实相反的条件从句中,几种结构中所表示的可能实现的程度有区别:were to do可能性最小;should+do可能性稍大一些。
如果表示否定的意思,多用过去时结构,用should和were to较少。
2.错综时间条件句有时在非真实条件句中,主句中谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生的,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行,而需要按照各自的时间来进行调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。
2020年新课改·人教版高考英语复习 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题七情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词具有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。
1.表示能力(1)表示现在的能力⎩⎨⎧canam/is/are able to(2)表示将来的能力:will be able to (3)表示过去的能力⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧could 表示过去的能力,不表示是否做was/were able to 表示过去有能力做,并且成功地做了 相当于:managed to do sth. /succeeded in doing sth.could have done 表示过去本来能够做但未做I can 't promise anything, but I 'll do what I can . 我不能许诺什么,但我会尽力而为。
(表示现在的能力)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了这个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。
(表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了)I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题,但我太紧张了。
(表示本来有能力做但未做) 2.表示推测(可能性)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。
(1)客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生,而用来说明人或事物的特征.........。
情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时, can 一般不用于肯定句。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。
(表示客观的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影,但还没确定。
高考英语:写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
2020高考英语复习 情态动词和虚拟语气
第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的基本用法[全析考法]单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.解析:can句意:在如今的信息化时代,丢失数据可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。
can在此表示客观可能性,意为“可能会,有时候会”。
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解析:be made根据语境可知,筷子是被制造的。
此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。
3.(2015·四川高考改编)Y ou ________ be careful with the camera.It costs!解析:must句意:你必须要小心使用这个相机。
它很贵重!根据后面的“It costs!”可知,此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求,must意为“必须”,表示说话人主观上的要求,语气强烈。
4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.________________解析:去掉let前的to情态动词would表示“意愿”时后面直接接动词原形。
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.________________解析:chose→choose情态动词can后面接动词原形。
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2020高考英语专题复习被动语态和虚拟语气第一节被动语态一、复习旧课,讲评所做的练习二、导入新课:语态是表示句子的主语和谓语动词行为之间关系的动词形式。
英语的语态分为两种:主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的发出者。
如:He killed the animal. 他杀死了那动物。
2.被动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的承受者。
如:The animal was killed. 那动物被杀死了。
不及物动词一般不能用于被动语态;及物动词则一般都能用于被动语态,但也有一些不可,如:fit , have , hold (容纳), lack , own , suit 等等。
知识要点1.被动语态的构成:被动语态通常由助动词be+过去分词构成,行为的发出者可由介词by引出。
如:Houses are built by builders .房子是建筑工人盖的。
主动语态和被动语态的转换通常是将宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动式,主语变为介词by的宾语,其他成分一般保留不变(参见以下各例)。
如:Builders build houses. 建筑工人盖房子.Houses are built by builders. 房子是建筑工人盖的。
如:We can trust her . 我们可以信任她。
She can be trusted ( by us ) . 她可以(让我们)信任.2.被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词构成,常用者如下:(1)、一般现在时。
如:My car is parked near our house. (I park my car near our house . )我的车存在我家附近。
(2)、一般过去时。
如:The wall was painted white . ( He painted the wall white . )墙油成了白色的。
(3)、一般将来时。
如:He will be offered a high pay . ( They will offer him a high pay .)将会给他高报酬。
双宾语及物动词变被动语态时可用间接宾语做主语(如上例),也可用直接宾语做主语(注意介词的使用)。
如:A high pay will be offered to him .(4)、现在进行时。
如:The child is being taken good care of . ( They are taking good care of the child .)那孩子正在受到精心照料。
“动词+名词+介词”构成的成语结构变被动语态时可用句子宾语做主语(如上例),也可用该成语结构中的名词做主语。
如:Good care is being taken of the child .(5)、现在完成时。
如:The boy has been made to work long .( She has made the boy work long . 那男孩已被迫工作很长时间了。
)接不带to的不定式短语做宾语补足语的动词,如:see , hear , observe , notice , make , have 等,若变为被动语态,不定式前通常要加to ,否则是错误的。
四.被动语态的使用被动语态多用于书面语体,口语中不常用。
使用被动语态通常出于下列原因:(1)、当叙述的中心是行为的对象而不是行为者时。
如:Meat shoule always be kept cool .肉应该总是保存在低温下。
(2)、当不知道、不容易指出、或不必要指出行为者时。
如:His car was stolen last night . 他的车子昨天夜里被窃了。
(3)、当要强调行为者时(此时用 by 短语)。
如:The book was written by a college student .这本书是一个大学生写的。
(4)、当为了行文方便(如为了避免变换主语、行为者带有较长修饰语等)时。
如:He arrived late and was showed to the last row .他到晚了,被领到最后一排。
第二节虚拟语气一.语气(mood)是表示说话人对谓语动词行为的态度的动词形式。
英语的语气分为三种:1、陈述语气--陈述事实,用于陈述句、疑问句。
如:Everyone is careful . 人人都小心。
2、祈使语气--表示命令、请求等,用于祈使句。
如:Be careful , everyone !3、虚拟语气--表示并非事实的假设、主观愿望。
如:She demanded that everyone be careful.她要求人人要小心。
She wishes that everyone were careful.她真希望人人都能小心。
二.虚拟语气分为两种:be型和were型。
知识要点be型虚拟语气这种虚拟语气无人称、数和时间之别,一律用动词原形;多见于美国英语,英国英语中则主要用于正式文体(非正式文体中常用should+动词原形代替)。
主要用于下列情况:1、宾语从句中:当主句谓语动词为command,suggest,demand,insist,order,require等表示要求、建议等时(可用should+动词原形代替;参见第十八章第四节“宾语从句”)。
如:He ordered that they (should) stay where they were.他命令他们呆在原地。
2表语从句中:当主句主语为command , suggestion , demand ,order 等(与1中动词同词根)以及idea , plan 等时(可用should + 动词原形代替;参见第十八章第二节“表语从句”)。
如:His order was that they (should ) stay where they were .他的命令是他们呆在原地。
3.同位语从句中:当其前为command , suggestion , demand , order 等(与1中动词同词根)以及idea 等时(可用should + 动词原形代替;参见第十八章第五节“同位语从句”)。
如:They received the order that they (should ) stay where they were.他们得到命令让他们呆在原地。
4.主语从句中:主句It is ...中含command , suggest , demand , order , require 等动词的过去分词或better , necessary , important 等形容词时(参见第十八章第一节“主语从句”)如:It was ordered that they (should ) stay where they were .命令他们呆在原地。
It is necessary that they ( should ) stay where they were .他们有必要呆在原地。
主句 It is ...中含interesting , natural , normal , possible , strange , surprising 等形容词和pity shame , ( no ) surprise 等名词用以表示惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义时,其后的主语从句中用should + 动词原形(参见第十八章第一节“主语从句”),不可用be型虚拟语气。
如:It is strange that they shoulfd stay where they were.很奇怪,他们竟然呆在原地。
此时,若无惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义仅指事实,主语从句中也可用陈述语气。
如:It is strange that they stay where they are.很奇怪,他们呆在原地。
二.were型虚拟语气这种虚拟语气表示并非事实的假设和主观愿望,多用于正式文件。
动词be用were(但越来越被陈述语气形式was所取代,仅If I were you 中必须were),其他动词用其各种过去时形式(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时--参见相关章节)。
主要用于下列情况:1、在虚拟条件句中:1)表示与现在事实相反的假设——从句中用were或其他动词的一般过去时、过去进行时:主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。
如:If you knew everything, you would not be so angry with him.你如果了解全部情况,就不会这么生他的气了。
If he were still staying here , he might see all this.他如果现在还呆在这里,也许就会看见这一切。
2)表示与过去事实相反的假设——从句中用过去现在时:主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+have+动词的过去分词。
如:If I had known his number , I might have telephoned him yesterday.我要是知道他的号码,昨天也许就给他打电话了。
3)表示将来不大可能实现的假设——从句中用were或其他动词的一般过去时、were/ was/ to+动词原形;主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。
如:If he had enough money next year, he might go abroad soon.他明年要是有足够的钱,也许马上就出国。
If the sun stopped shining some day, living things couldn’t live.如果太阳有朝一日不再照耀,生物就无法生存了。
If he were to hear you talking, he would think you were mad.他要是听见你说,就会认为你是疯了。
4)如果if从句的谓语动词为were、had或含有were、had时,if可省去,而将were 或had挪至句首,形成倒装句。
(试与上面例句对比)如:Were he still staying here, he might see all this.Had I known his number, I might have telephoned him yesterday.Had they enough money, they might go abroad soon.Were he to hear you talking, he would think you were mad.5)虚拟的条件有时不if从句而是由某些介词短语或通过上下文表示。