Persuasive 议论文的写法
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Persuasive Essays
A type of 5 paragraph essay and includes ALL parts of a 5 paragraph essay:
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Introduction 1st central paragraph 2nd central paragraph 3rd central paragraph Conclusion
Central Paragraphs
Organize your reasons, either most important to least, or from least important to most. Each paragraph should explain a different reason, using a topic sentence. Support each reason with examples, evidence, and facts. Maker sure to use different types of evidence.
Format #3
• Intro • Pro – idea 1 • Pro – idea 2 • Pro – idea 3
• Conclusion
Supporting opinions
• Similarly, • Also
• In addition
• Equally
• Moreover
• Furthermore
3 things to think about
1.
Purpose: This is the reason why you are writing this essay. It is determined mainly by who your are writing to – your audience.
3 ways to refute
2.
You can completely disagree.
Example
Some people say that teenagers are actually safe drivers but statistics show this to be wrong. In fact, 50% of all traffic accidents are caused by drivers under the age of 20, and 16% of these cases were reported to be distraction related. (Smith, pg 56) No matter how you look at these numbers, no one can conclude that teenagers are less prone to car accidents.
Counter-arguments
Every
persuasive essay must include a counter-argument, or opposing argument. You must consider and present the counter-argument, in order to show that you know it exists and then refute it by saying why it is wrong.
• For the reasons above • As you can see • Unquestionably • In short • Obviously
Classwork/Homework
Write a 5-paragraph Persuasive Essay on whether or not the government should give support/help to the elderly.
• likewise
Counter – Argument Transitions
• Even though • Although • On the other hand • Nevertheless
• Yet
• But
• It is doubtful whether…
Concluding phrases
Format #1
• • • • Intro Pro-Idea 1 Pro-Idea 2 Con and refute
•
Conclusion
Format #2
• Intro • Con – idea 1 and refute • Con – idea 2 and refute • Con – idea 3 and refute • Conclusion
3 ways to refute
3.
You can also assert that the arguments are irrelevant to the topic. Nhomakorabeaxample
Although hands-free technologies do make driving and talking on the phone safer, having phone conversations while driving is still dangerous. Drivers under the age of 20 are the largest group of distracted drivers, and cell phone usage is cited as the major distraction and cause of deaths. (Smith, pg. 45) For these drivers, no technology is safer than new technology.
Elaborate on these facts by expressing reactions or interpreting them. State the opposing view and demonstrate why it is incorrect. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs.
3 things to think about
2.
Audience: These are the people you are hoping to influence. Knowing your audience is more important in persuasive writing than any other type of essay. It is important to tailor the argument, language, and tone to the needs of the audience.
Provide background information to the issue and define key terms.
Opposite opinion
Brief Story
Interesting Statement
Write a thesis statement in which you state the issue and your opinion about that issue.
3 ways to refute
1.
Acknowledge the argument, then prove that it is weak by presenting a more important argument.
Example
Some people disagree with a total ban on students using cell phones while driving; saying that it violates freedom of choice. However, statistics show that 60% of teenagers – the most dangerous drivers – have texted while driving, compared to only 14% of people over 30. (Smith, pg. 12) When part of a community, we are sometimes asked to give up certain, minor freedoms, in order to ensure the safety of ourselves and others.
Conclusion
Restate your opinion.
Summarize key points.
Explain why it is important that the reader agrees with you. Comment on the possible consequences if your opinion is not followed.
A persuasive essay uses logic and evidence to try to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's point of view.
Introduction
Get the reader's attention, using 1 of the 3 ways to create a motivator:
3 things to think about
3.
Support: These are the details that strengthen your arguments. Objective support is the key to successful persuasive writing. Facts are stronger than opinions or anecdotes.
A type of 5 paragraph essay and includes ALL parts of a 5 paragraph essay:
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Introduction 1st central paragraph 2nd central paragraph 3rd central paragraph Conclusion
Central Paragraphs
Organize your reasons, either most important to least, or from least important to most. Each paragraph should explain a different reason, using a topic sentence. Support each reason with examples, evidence, and facts. Maker sure to use different types of evidence.
Format #3
• Intro • Pro – idea 1 • Pro – idea 2 • Pro – idea 3
• Conclusion
Supporting opinions
• Similarly, • Also
• In addition
• Equally
• Moreover
• Furthermore
3 things to think about
1.
Purpose: This is the reason why you are writing this essay. It is determined mainly by who your are writing to – your audience.
3 ways to refute
2.
You can completely disagree.
Example
Some people say that teenagers are actually safe drivers but statistics show this to be wrong. In fact, 50% of all traffic accidents are caused by drivers under the age of 20, and 16% of these cases were reported to be distraction related. (Smith, pg 56) No matter how you look at these numbers, no one can conclude that teenagers are less prone to car accidents.
Counter-arguments
Every
persuasive essay must include a counter-argument, or opposing argument. You must consider and present the counter-argument, in order to show that you know it exists and then refute it by saying why it is wrong.
• For the reasons above • As you can see • Unquestionably • In short • Obviously
Classwork/Homework
Write a 5-paragraph Persuasive Essay on whether or not the government should give support/help to the elderly.
• likewise
Counter – Argument Transitions
• Even though • Although • On the other hand • Nevertheless
• Yet
• But
• It is doubtful whether…
Concluding phrases
Format #1
• • • • Intro Pro-Idea 1 Pro-Idea 2 Con and refute
•
Conclusion
Format #2
• Intro • Con – idea 1 and refute • Con – idea 2 and refute • Con – idea 3 and refute • Conclusion
3 ways to refute
3.
You can also assert that the arguments are irrelevant to the topic. Nhomakorabeaxample
Although hands-free technologies do make driving and talking on the phone safer, having phone conversations while driving is still dangerous. Drivers under the age of 20 are the largest group of distracted drivers, and cell phone usage is cited as the major distraction and cause of deaths. (Smith, pg. 45) For these drivers, no technology is safer than new technology.
Elaborate on these facts by expressing reactions or interpreting them. State the opposing view and demonstrate why it is incorrect. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs.
3 things to think about
2.
Audience: These are the people you are hoping to influence. Knowing your audience is more important in persuasive writing than any other type of essay. It is important to tailor the argument, language, and tone to the needs of the audience.
Provide background information to the issue and define key terms.
Opposite opinion
Brief Story
Interesting Statement
Write a thesis statement in which you state the issue and your opinion about that issue.
3 ways to refute
1.
Acknowledge the argument, then prove that it is weak by presenting a more important argument.
Example
Some people disagree with a total ban on students using cell phones while driving; saying that it violates freedom of choice. However, statistics show that 60% of teenagers – the most dangerous drivers – have texted while driving, compared to only 14% of people over 30. (Smith, pg. 12) When part of a community, we are sometimes asked to give up certain, minor freedoms, in order to ensure the safety of ourselves and others.
Conclusion
Restate your opinion.
Summarize key points.
Explain why it is important that the reader agrees with you. Comment on the possible consequences if your opinion is not followed.
A persuasive essay uses logic and evidence to try to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's point of view.
Introduction
Get the reader's attention, using 1 of the 3 ways to create a motivator:
3 things to think about
3.
Support: These are the details that strengthen your arguments. Objective support is the key to successful persuasive writing. Facts are stronger than opinions or anecdotes.