被动语态的用法小结

被动语态的用法小结

被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，其句子的谓语动词是“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。此外，被动语态的句子还有各种时态的变化，都体现在be 上。

例如：①The work was completed on a windy night.

②This kind of chocolate has been made several times.

③The road will be built next year.

④The house was being cleaned when I came home.

⑤These trees must be taken good care of.

下面我们详细的来了解一下：

★使用被动语态的场合

1、不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如：

Computers are widely used in transport.

The house has been broken into.

2、强调动作的承受者时。如：

A third ring will be built around this city.

3、出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如：

Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.

4、有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成

被动语态结构。如：

主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况：

1. lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:

The door doesn’t open easily.

Bikes of that kind hardly sell.

2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen等状态动词或不及物动词及词组,虽然有被动意义,但要用主动形式。如:

The meeting lasted two hours.

3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, remain等这些比较特殊的系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

His theory sounds reasonable.

The dish smells delicious.

4. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

This dictionary is well worth buying.

5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

6. 不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:

She has an old grandfather to look after.

Have you any homework to do this evening?

7. "主语＋系动词＋to do"结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于"sth. ＋be to let / rent"或"sb. ＋be ＋to blame"结构中。如:

It’s not my fault; she is to blame.

使用被动语态应该注意的几个问题

1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。

The boss made him work overtime.→He was made to work overtime.

2、get+过去分词也可构成被动语态

像get + married/beaten/broken/damaged/repaired/dressed等构成的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身。如：

John and Jane get married last month.

语法专练

1. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重庆)

A.will give

B. have been given

C.have given

D.will be given

2. The construction of the two new railway lines __________by now. (2006陕西)

A. has completed

B. have completed

C. have been completed

D. has been completed

3. Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (2006山东)

A. are being uncovered

B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering

D. have uncovered

4. Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the

north of England last night. （2005 重庆）

A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused.

5. —Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

—I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. （2005江苏）

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that