名词性从句整理

名词性从句
一、定义：名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，是一个句子分别充当另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由此被称为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。

辨别下列从句属于哪种名词性从句并分析：
1）Why they haven’t left yet is unclear.
2）It was good news that everyone got back safely.
3）Polly didn’t know which way she should go.
4）I’m interested in who that tall man is.
5）We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.
6）My question is whether Polly can find her way home.
7）The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity.
总结：名词性从句主要由陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句充当。

1）陈述句充当名词性从句时，由that引导；2）一般疑问句充当名词性从句时，由if或whether引导从句；3）特殊疑问句充当名词性从句时，由疑问词本身做连词引导从句。

4）名词性从句的语序应使用陈述句语序，不可用一般问句语序。

二、引导名词性从句的从属连词及从句语序
1.连接词that;功能1）不充当句子成分2）无词义3）只起连接作用。

2.if/whether;功能:1）意为“是否”，有词义2）不做句子成分3）起连接作用
翻译:
1)I know that he will come this evening. ____________ 2) Whether we will go there or not hasn’t been decided yet._____________________________
3.连接代词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ver)
功能：1)有词义2)引起从句3)且在从句中充当一定的句子成分，常做从句中的主语、宾语、表语和定语。

找出下列主从句的名词性从句，并确定从属连词在从句中的句子成分：
1)What he said isn’t true.
2)There are so many books that I d on’t know which one I should choose.
3)The question is who will come to help us.
4)连接副词when(ever), where(ver), why, how(ever)以及how(ever)+adj./adv. 组成的词组引导的名词性从句。

功能：1)连接主从句2)有词义3)在从句中作句子成分，可作从句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语或表程度，如：how(ever)+adj./adv. 等。

找出下列主从句的名词性从句，并确定从属连词在从句中的句子成分：
1)I wonder how he managed to finish the work in such a short time.
2)Where we will stay during our visit to Australia hasn’t been announced.
3)He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
4)The question is when we can get there.
5)名词性从句的语序应使用陈述句语序，而不可用一般问句语序，其结构为：从属连词(that/whether/if/wh-疑问词)+陈述句语序。

三、名词性从句分类讲解
I .主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句中作主语，其主句的谓语动词用单数。

填空并翻译：
1)What excited us most _________ (be) that he passed the exam.
2) _____ (be) what he told us true?
3)What we need _______ (be) more time?
2. that引导主语从句时that不可省，且一般把它移到句末，前面用it作形式主语。

找出主语从句且翻译：
1) It is certain that she will do well in the exam. _ 2) It is no wonder that he looks pale. _______________________________________________
3.由连接代词(what除外)和连接副词引导的主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放句末。

改变句型，用it作形式主语：
1) How we will go there hasn’t been decided._______ 2) Whether he will attend the meeting or not makes no difference.
4.what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构，其他连词皆可使用此结构。

判断正误：
1)It is a book what he wants.
2)What he wants is a book.
5.如果含主语从句的主句是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语结构。

翻译：已经宣布飞机什么时候起飞了吗？
6.if不可引起主语从句，而是用whether引起，表“是否”之意。

填空：
1)_________________________________ (我们是否要举行会议) hasn’t been decided.2) It is not know _____________________________________ (他们是否要来).
7.用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：
1)It+be+adj.+that-clause.(常见
adj.:obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)
英译汉：
(l)It is certain that she will do well in the exam.⑵ It is probable that he told her everything. _________________________________________ 汉译英：
⑴很明显他们非常需要帮助。

注：这类主语从句中，若adj.为necessary, important, strange 等，从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词一般为：(should)+do.
翻译：
⑴ It is necessary that you (should) master the
computer. ______________________________ ⑵学生学好英语很重要。

⑶真奇怪，他竟然自杀了。

2)Itis+名词词组
(afact,apity,nowonder,anhonor,nosurprise,ashame,goodnews 等)+that-clause.
翻译：
⑴很遗憾我们不能去。

⑵他告诉了她一切，这并不奇怪。

___________ ⑶难怪他看起来脸色苍白。

___________ 3) It is done
(said/reported/thought/believed/hoped/expected/decided/well-known)+that-clause. 翻译：
(1)据说总统已经到达北京。

___________ (2)It is said that Jack drives badly.
___________ (3)众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。

____________ 分析下列从句：
(1)It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.
(2)As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.
(3)What was reported was that the US was under the terrorist attack.
(4)It seems (似乎)/happens (碰巧/恰巧)/appears (似乎)/doesn't matter (不重要，不要紧)/makes no difference (没有影响)+ that-clause.
翻译：
(1)It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
____________ (2)我恰巧看过这部电影。

____________ (3)他似乎在打篮球。

(5)It + 系动词+表语(n./adj.) +whether/how wh-clause.
翻译：
(1)他是否会来还不确定。

_____________ (2) It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.
_____________ II .表语从句
定义：表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。

1.表语从句中that不可省略。

翻译：The problem is that he doesn,t know the telephone number.
2.because, as if, as though也可引导表语从句，但当主语是reason时，表语从句不能用because,只能用that,即：The reason（why/for which-定语从句）+is +that-表语从句.
填空：
1）He didn’t come yesterday. It was ___________ he was ill.
3.He didn’t come yesterday. The reason was _________ he was ill.
4.It looks/seems as if/as though-clause.
汉译英：
1）看起来好像我们得要步行回家了。

_____________ 2）看起来好像要下雨了。

_____________ III.宾语从句
用作宾语的名词性从句叫做宾语从句，位置常在vt.或prep.之后。

8.引导单个宾语从句的连词that 口语中可以省去，但是vt.后有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略，其余that不可省。

翻译并判断哪个that可以省：
1）He said that the text was very important and that we should write it down. _____________ 2）我认为看电视太多对人们的健康有害。

2.if和whether引导宾语从句时在从句中一般可互换，但下列情况只用whether 不用if。

1）句中有or not时只用whether;2）作prep.宾语从句时只用whether引导宾语从句。

填空：
1)I don’t know ___________ t hese figures are accurate.
2)_____________________ I want to know they will come or not.
3)__________________________ He was interested in he saw her there.
3. think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词的否定形式常移至主句上的谓语动词上，而从句则变为肯定形式，即否定前移。

翻译：
1)我猜还不是高峰时间。

____________ 2)抱歉，我想我并不认识你。

4.当陈述部分的主句是I think/suppose/believe/imagine/am sure/am afraid that时，即主句的主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句的句尾往往与that从句中的主语和谓语保持一致，如主句主语为二、三人称时，反意问句则与主句一致。

填空：
1)I don’t think he is right, ____________ ?
2)I suppose they will come here by air, _______________ ?
3)I don’t believe he cares, _______________ ?
5.当宾语从句后面还有宾补时，用it作形式宾语，而宾语从句放句尾。

结构：vt.+ it (形式宾语)+宾补+宾语从句
翻译：
1) I think it necessary that we should study English well.
____________ 2)我想她一定能考好。

6.宾语从句的时态
1)如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是现在时、将来时或现在完成时，从句的谓语动词可根据句意的需要使用任何一种时态。

2)主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句中的谓语动词只能使用过去的各种时态。

3)但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理、事实、自然现象等，从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。

填空：
1)Can you make sure where Alice ____________ (put) the gold ring?
2)I remember that it __________ (be) a quiet village.
3)He didn’t tell us where his home ____________ (be).
4)I wondered where he ______________ (go).
5)The teacher said that the sun ________ (rise) in the east and _________ (set) in the west.
7.宾语从句中谓语动词的语气
1)主句的谓语动词是表示命令、建议、要求等词时，从句用虚拟语气，即：(should + do)。

这类动词有：一坚持(访51$1);二命令(order, demand)；三建议(suggest, propose, advice)；四要求(ask, require, request, demand)。

另，It is insisted/suggested/ordered that-(should) + do.
2）wish that-did/were（对现在虚拟）
wish that-would/could/might + do（对将来虚拟）
wish that-had done（对过去虚拟）
3）would rather-did/were（对现在或将来虚拟）
would rather-had done（对过去虚拟）
IV.同位语从句
同位语从句主要对前面的名词的内容进行解释说明。

1.同位语从句的结构：名词+连词-同位语从句。

可接同位语从句的名词：fact, news, word（消息）,promise, hope, belief,
thought, doubt, answer,message, saying, advice, suggestion, reply 等。

功能：同位语从句主要对前面的名词的内容进行解释说明。

注：同位语从句如果放在表请求、建议、命令等一类名词的后面，其从句的谓语动词应用虚拟，即：（should） + do.
2.that引起同位语从句时不可省略，不作从句成分，无词义，但其他连词在从句中充当句子成分且有词义。

填空并翻译：
1） He gave us many suggestions ________ we （should） get up earlier and take more exercise.2） You have no idea ______ worried I was at that time.
3.同位语从句表示主语的内容，并且主句的谓语很短时，可以将同位语从句放到谓语动词的后面去，即：主语（n.）+v. +连词-同位语从句。

翻译：
Word came that the president will visit our country next month.
4.同位语从句的连词选择是that还是其他要根据全句句意判断。

填空：
1）________________ I had no idea h e had done the day before.
2）_____________ The news China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was
exciting.
四、难点与启示
1.what引导名词性从句时的两个意思：1）表“所……的（物/人）”，相当于：thethings/words/person（s）+that-定语从句，或，all that-定语从句，代指物/ 人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

2）“什么样的”，在从句中作定语。

翻译：
1）他对于他所看到的很惊讶。

_____________ 2）他所说的使他的妈妈很生气。

_____________ 3）告诉我你想要什么样的书。

_____________ 4）她已经不再是五年前的她了。

2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1）that①同位语从句说明名词的具体内容，引导词that在从句中不作从句成分，无词义，对前面名词无指代作用，不可省。

②定语从句对前面的名词起修饰和限定作用，引导词that为pron.，指代前面n.（先行词），在定语从句中作句子成分，作宾语时可省。

2)其他连词①引导同位语从句的其他连词有词义，作从句成分，但对前面的n.无指代作用，且连接adv.不可换成prep.+关系代词。

②引导定语从句的其他关系代词和关系副词对前面先行词有指代作用，在从句中作句子成分，且关系副词可转换成：prep+关系代词。

注：what不引导定语从句。

辨认从句并翻译：
1)We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
2)The idea (that) he thought of is quite good.
3)The news that mother will come back tomorrow please everyone.
4)The news that pleases everyone is that mother is getting better.
5)The order when we should return hasn’t reached us.
6)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.
3.if和whether的选用
引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句只用亚卜0坨0「，且whether和or not连用，不用if；引导vt.后宾语从句if或whether 皆可。

填空：
1)My worry is __________ they will arrive on time.
2)I asked ____________ she had a bike.
3) ___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4) Everything depends on ___________ w e have enough money.
4.whoever, whomever, whichever, wherever, whenever 弓|起的名词性从句
whoever“无论谁”，作从句主语、宾语;whatever“无论什么”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语;whomever“无论谁”，作从句宾语;whichever“无论哪一个”，作从句主语、宾语或定语;wherever“无论哪里”，作从句的地点状
语;whenever“无论何时”，作从句中的时间状语.
填空：
1)I will give you the dictionary to __________ needs it.
2)Please write down ___________ he is saying.
3)I don’t care _____________ w ill come.
4)We will do ____________ we can (do) to help the poor children.
区别：wh-疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句；no matter wh-疑问词只引导状语从句。

判断标准：分析主句结构，如果主句不缺可由n.充当的句子成分，wh-ever引导的句子应为状语从句。

分辨下面两个句子：
1)Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
2)Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.。