2019英语六级新题型及解题
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题与答案 一
2019年12月大学英语六级考试CET6真题与答案解析（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡListening comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in LondonD) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A)Her previous debt hadn't been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C)She had apparently asked for too much.D)She didn't pay her mortgage in time.7. A)Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C)Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10. A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard.11. A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C)It causes hardly any pollution.D)It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expanding business outside the UK.C)It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D)It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13. A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14. A)They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15. A)It is environmentally friendly.B)It is a promising industry.C) It requires new technology.D)It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C)To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D)To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C)It was original in design.D)It was thought-provoking.18. A)Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C)Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D)Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A)Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D)Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers' mental health.D)Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A)It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D)It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airports are outdated.B)The city had just been reunified.C)The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A)The municipal government kept changing hands.B)The construction firm breached the contract.C)Shortage of funding delayed is construction.D)Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25 A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C)Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D)Complaints by local residents increase.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliance what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researcher phones, the participants’ phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 ”. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(护栅) that up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a cars’ friendliness.A) alleviateB) apparentlyC) arrogantD) associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousness I) desiresJ) excluded K) featureL) lonelyM) separate N) spectacularly O) warrantSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like the Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice.[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight, Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy fanners have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland' s naturalseed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats. (F] In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的）management to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[I] Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do havedownsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC' s most successful product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛）raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it. We're bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains. 36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch tograss-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison meat was scarce. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside—at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados—appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because theirfamilies can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But £3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice: and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46.What does the author say best schools should do?A)Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B)Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C)Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D)Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47.What does the author think about school field trips?A)They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C)They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D)They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A)Events aiming to improve community services.B)Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.C)Events that require mutual understanding.D)Activities involving all students on campus.49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A)They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.B)They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C)They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.50. What is the author's expectation of schools?A)Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B)Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C)Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D)Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的)waters around the Antarctic could see King penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there' re no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: "Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins—1.1 million breeding pairs-will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100." King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front-an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life—is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as this distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said: “The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C)The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D)The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52.What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53.What does the passage say about king penguins?A)They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B)Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C)They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar FrontD)The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54.What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A)Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.B)Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C)Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.D)Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55.What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguins.D) Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.梅花位居中国十大名花之首,源于中国南方,已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。
卓顶精文2019年大学英语六级三套真题+答案解析.doc
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendavocationalcollegeorauniversi ty,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200 words.PartⅡListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,yo uwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewouldfeelinsulted. B)Hewouldfeelverysad.C)Hewouldbeembarrassed. D)Hewouldbedisappointed.2.A)Theyareworthyofaprize. B)Theyareoflittlevalue.C)Theymakegoodreading. D)Theyneedimprovement.3.A)Heseldomwritesabookstraightthrough.B)Hewritesseveralbookssimultaneously.C)Hedrawsonhisreal-lifeexperiences.D)Heoftenturnstohiswifeforhelp.4.A)Writingabookisjustlikewatchingafootballmatch.B)Writersactuallyworkeverybitashardasfootballers.C)Helikeswatchingafootballmatchafterfinishingabook.D)Unlikeafootballmatch,thereisnoendtowritingabook.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Achievementsofblackmaleathletesincollege.B)Financialassistancetoblackathletesincollege.C)Highcollegedropoutratesamongblackathletes.D)Undergraduateenrollmentsofblackathletes.6.A)Theydisplaygreattalentineverykindofgame.B)Theyarebetteratsportsthanatacademicwork.C)Theyhavedifficultyfindingmoneytocompletetheirstudies.D)Theymakemoneyforthecollegebutoftenfailtoearnadegree.7.A)About15%. B)Around40%.C)Slightlyover50%. D)Approximately70%.8.A)Coacheslacktheincentivetograduatethem.B)Collegedegreesdonotcountmuchtothem.C)Theyhavelittleinterestinacademicwork.D)Schoolsdonotdeemitaseriousproblem.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthree orfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion ,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Marketingstrategies. B)Holidayshopping.C)Shoppingmalls. D)Onlinestores.10.A)About50%ofholidayshoppers.B)About20-30%ofholidayshoppers.C)About136million.D)About183.8million.11.A)Theyhavefewercustomers.B)Theyfindithardtosurvive.C)Theyarethrivingoncemore.D)Theyappealtoelderlycustomers.12.A)Betterqualityofconsumergoods.B)Higheremploymentandwages.C)Greatervarietiesofcommodities.D)Peoplehavingmoreleisuretime.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarenewspeciesofbiginsects.B)Theyareoverprescribedantibiotics.C)Theyarelife-threateningdiseases.D)Theyareantibiotic-resistantbacteria.14.A)Antibioticsarenowinshortsupply.B)Manyinfectionsarenolongercurable.C)Largeamountsoftaxmoneyarewasted.D)Routineoperationshavebecomecomplex.15.A)Facilities.B)Expertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeor fourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CJandD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itisaccessibleonlytothetalented.B)Itimprovesstudents’abilitytothink.C)Itstartsalifelonglearningprocess.D)Itgivesbirthtomanyeminentscholars.17.A)Theyencourageacademicdemocracy.B)Theypromoteglobalization.C)Theyupholdthepresidents’authority.D)Theyprotectstudents’rights.18.A)Histhirstforknowledge. B)Hiseagernesstofindajob.C)Hiscontemptforauthority. D)Hispotentialforleadership.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Fewpeopleknowhowtoretrieveinformationproperly.B)Peoplecanenhancetheirmemorywithafewtricks.C)Mostpeoplehavearatherpoorlong-termmemory.D)Peopletendtounderestimatetheirmentalpowers.20.A)Theypresentthestatesinasurprisinglydifferentorder.B)Theyincludemoreorlessthesamenumberofstates.C)Theyareexactlythesameasisshownintheatlas.D)Theycontainnamesofthemostfamiliarstates.21.A)Focusingonwhatislikelytobetested.B)Havingagoodsleepthenightbefore.C)Reviewingyourlessonswheretheexamistotakeplace.D)Makingsensibledecisionswhilechoosingyouranswers.22.A)Discoverwhenyoucanlearnbest.B)Changeyourtimeofstudydaily.B)Giveyourselfadoublebonusafterwards.D)Followtheexampleofamarathonrunner.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Heisapolitician. B)Heisabusinessman.C)Heisasociologist. D)Heisaneconomist.24.A)Inslums.B)InAfrica.C)Inpre-industrialsocieties.D)Indevelopingcountries.25.A)Theyhavenoaccesstohealthcare,letaloneentertainmentorrecreation.B)Theirincomeislessthan50%ofthenationalaveragefamilyincome.C)Theyworkextrahourstohavetheirbasicneedsmet.D)Theirchildrencannotaffordtogotoprivateschools.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfo reachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let ’sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan ’tseemto keeptheirinnermonologues(独白)inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain 26 betterandshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeextramuttering.AccordingtoaseriesofexperimentspublishedintheQuarterlyJournalofExperimentalPsych ologybyprofessorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto 27mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker. Inoneexperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty 28 andaskedthemtofindjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere 29 torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforandtheotherhalfkepttheirlips30 .Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfasterthanthosewhodidn ’t ，theresearcherssay.Inotherexperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat31thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone ’space,buttalkingaboutu ncommonitemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown.Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildrenlearn,altho ughdoingsowhenyou ’ve 32 maturedisnotagreatsignof 33 .Thetwoprofessorshopetorefutethatidea, 34thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthroughaprocess,adultscanbenefitfromusinglanguagenotju sttocommunicate,butalsotohelp “augmentthinking ”.Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryoudo,kee ptheinformationyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany35 ,there ’sstillsuchathingastoomuchinformation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2.RichChildrenandPoorOnesAreRaisedVeryDifferently A) ApparentlyB) ArroganceC) BrillianceD) ClaimingE) DedicatedF) FocusedG) IncurH) Instructed I) Obscurely J) Sealed K) spectators L) Trigger M) Uttering N) Volume O) Volunteers[A]ThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthaneverbefore.[B]Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,withchildrenenrolledinballet,soccerandafter-schoolprograms,accordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whosp endalotoftimereadingtochildrenandworryingabouttheiranxietylevelsandhecticschedules.[C]Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwithextendedfam ily.Theyaremorelikelytogrowupinneighborhoodsthattheirparentssayaren’tgreatforraising children,andtheirparentsworryaboutthemgettingshot,beatenuporintroublewiththelaw.[D]Theclassdifferencesinchildrearingaregrowing—asymptomofwideninginequalitywithfar-reachingconsequences.Differentupbringingssetchildrenondifferentpathsandcandeepenso cioeconomicdivisions,especiallybecauseeducationisstronglylinkedtoearnings.Children growuplearningtheskillstosucceedintheirsocioeconomicstratum(阶层),butnotnecessarilyothers.[E]“Earlychildhoodexperiencescanbeveryconsequentialforchildren’slong-termsocial,emotionalandcognitivedevelopment,”saidSeanReardon,professorofpovertyandinequalityineducationatS tanfordUniversity.“Andbecausethoseinfluenceeducationalsuccessandlaterearnings,earlychi ldhoodexperiencescastalifelongshadow.”Thecyclecontinues:Poorerparentshavelesstimeandfe werresourcestoinvestintheirchildren,whichcanleavechildrenlesspreparedforschoolandwork ,whichleadstolowerearnings.[F]Americanparentswantsimilarthingsfortheirchildren,thePewreportandpastresearchhav efound:forthemtobehealthyandhappy,honestandethical,caringandcompassionate.Thereisnobes tparentingstyleorphilosophy,researcherssay,andacrossincomegroups,92%ofparentssaytheyar edoingagoodjobatraisingtheirchildren.Yettheyaredoingitquitedifferently.Middle-classandhigher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojectsinneedofcarefulcultivation,saysAnnetteLareau,wh osegroundbreakingresearchonthetopicwaspublishedinherbookUnequalChildhoods:Class,Racean dFamilyLife.Theytrytodeveloptheirskillsthroughclosesupervisionandorganizedactivities,a ndteachchildrentoquestionauthorityfiguresandnavigateeliteinstitutions.[G]Working-classparents,meanwhile,believetheirchildrenwillnaturallythrive,andgivethemfargreaterin dependenceandtimeforfreeplay.Theyaretaughttobecompliantandrespectfultoadults.Thereareb enefitstobothapproaches.Working-classchildrenarehappier,moreindependent,complainlessandarecloserwithfamilymembers,Ms.L areaufound.Higher-incomechildrenaremorelikelytodeclareboredomandexpecttheirparentstosolvetheirproblems.Y etlateron,themoreaffluentchildrenendupincollegeandonthewaytothemiddleclass,whileworkin g-classchildrentendtostruggle.Childrenfromhigher-incomefamiliesarelikelytohavetheskillstonavigatebureaucraciesandsucceedinschoolsandwo rkplaces,reausaid.[H]“Doallparentswantthemostsuccessfortheirchildren?Absolutely,”shesaid.“Dosom estrategiesgivechildrenmoreadvantagesthanothersininstitutions?Probablytheydo.Will parentsbedamagingchildreniftheyhaveonefewerorganizedactivity?No,Ireallydoubtit.”[I]Socialscientistssaythedifferencesariseinpartbecauselow-incomeparentshavelessmoneytospendonmusicclassorpreschool,andlessflexibleschedulestotak echildrentomuseumsorattendschoolevents.Extracurricularactivitiesreflectthedifferencesi nchildrearinginthePewsurvey,whichwasofanationallyrepresentativesampleof1,807parents.Of familiesearningmorethan$75,000ayear,84%saytheirchildrenhaveparticipatedinorganizedspor tsoverthepastyear,64%havedonevolunteerworkand62%havetakenlessonsinmusic,danceorart.Off amiliesearninglessthan$30,000,59%ofchildrenhavedonesports,37%havevolunteeredand41%have takenartsclasses.[J]Especiallyinaffluentfamilies,childrenstartyoung.Nearlyhalfofhigh-earning,college-graduateparentsenrolledtheirchildreninartsclassesbeforetheywere5,comparedwithone-fifthoflow-income,less-educatedparents.Nonetheless,20%ofwell-offparentssaytheirchildren’sschedulesaretoohectic,comparedwith8%ofpoorerparents.[K]Anotherexampleisreadingaloud,whichstudieshaveshowngiveschildrenbiggervocabular iesandbetterreadingcomprehensioninschool.71%ofparentswithacollegedegreesaytheydoiteve ryday,comparedwith33%ofthosewithahighschooldiplomaorless.Whiteparentsaremorelikelytha notherstoreadtotheirchildrendaily,asaremarriedparents.Mostaffluentparentsenrolltheirc hildreninpreschoolordaycare,whilelow-incomeparentsaremorelikelytodependonfamilymembers.Disciplinetechniquesvarybyeducation level:8%ofthosewithapostgraduatedegreesaytheyoftenbeattheirchildren,comparedwith22%of thosewithahighschooldegreeorless.[L]Thesurveyalsoprobedattitudesandanxieties.Interestingly,parents’attitudestowarded ucationdonotseemtoreflecttheirowneducationalbackgroundasmuchasabeliefintheimportanceof educationforupwardmobility.MostAmericanparentssaytheyarenotconcernedabouttheirchildren’sgradesaslongastheyworkhard.But50%ofpoorparentssayitisextremelyimportanttothemthatthei rchildrenearnacollegedegree,comparedwith39%ofwealthierparents.[M]Less-educatedparents,andpoorerandblackandLatinoparentsaremorelikelytobelievethatthereisno suchthingastoomuchinvolvementinachild’seducation.Parentswhoarewhite,wealthyorcollege-educatedsaytoomuchinvolvementcanbebad.Parentalanxietiesreflecttheircircumstances.High-earningparentsaremuchmorelikelytosaytheyliveinagoodneighborhoodforraisingchildren.Wh ilebullyingisparents’greatestconcernoverall,nearlyhalfoflow-incomeparentsworrytheirchildwillgetshot,comparedwithone-fifthofhigh-incomeparents.Theyaremoreworriedabouttheirchildrenbeingdepressedoranxious.[N]InthePewsurvey,middle-classfamiliesearningbetween$30,000and$75,000ayearfellrightbetweenworking-classandhigh-earningparentsonissueslikethequalityoftheirneighborhoodforraisingchildren,participati oninextracurricularactivitiesandinvolvementintheirchildren’seducation.[O]Childrenwerenotalwaysraisedsodifferently.Theachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromh igh-andlow-incomefamiliesis30-40%largeramongchildrenbornin2019thanthoseborn25yearsearlier,accordingtoMr.Reardon’sres earch.Peopleusedtolivenearpeopleofdifferentincomelevels;neighborhoodsarenowmoresegreg atedbyincome.Morethanaquarterofchildrenliveinsingle-parenthouseholds—ahistorichigh,accordingtoPew一andthesechildrenarethreetimesaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewholivewithmarriedparents. Meanwhile,growingincomeinequalityhascoincidedwiththeincreasingimportanceofacollegedeg reeforearningamiddle-classwage.[P]Yettherearerecentsignsthatthegapcouldbestartingtoshrink.Inthepastdecade,evenas incomeinequalityhasgrown,someofthesocioeconomicdifferencesinparenting,likereadingtoch ildrenandgoingtolibraries,havenarrowed.[Q]Publicpoliciesaimedatyoungchildrenhavehelped,includingpublicpreschoolprogramsandreadinginitiatives.Addressingdifferencesintheearliestyears,itseems,couldreduceinequa lityinthenextgeneration.36.Working-classparentsteachtheirchildrentobeobedientandshowrespecttoadults.37.Americanparents,whetherrichorpoor,havesimilarexpectationsoftheirchildren despitedifferentwaysofparenting.38.Whilerichparentsaremoreconcernedwiththeirchildren’spsychologicalwell-being,poorparentsaremoreworriedabouttheirchildren’ssafety.39.Theincreasingdifferencesinchildrearingbetweenrichandpoorfamiliesreflectgrowin gsocialinequality.40.Parentingapproachesofworking-classandaffluentfamiliesbothhaveadvantages.41.Higher-incomefamiliesandworking-classfamiliesnowtendtoliveindifferentneighborhoods.42.Physicalpunishmentisusedmuchlessbywell-educatedparents.reaudoesn’tbelieveparticipatinginfewerafter-classactivitieswillnegativelyaffectchildren’sdevelopment.44.Wealthyparentsareconcernedabouttheirchildren’smentalhealthandbusyschedules.45.Somesocioeconomicdifferencesinchildrearinghaveshrunkinthepasttenyears. SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfin ishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Tennessee’stechnicalandcommunitycollegeswillnot outsource(外包)managementoftheirfacilitiestoaprivatecompany,adecisiononeleadersaidwasbolsteredbyana nalysisofspendingateachcampus.InanemailsentMondaytocollegepresidentsintheTennesseeBoardofRegentssystem,outgoingCh ancellorJohnMorgansaidaninternalanalysisshowedthateachcampus’spendingonfacilitiesmanage mentfellwellbelowtheindustrystandardsidentifiedbythestate.Morgansaidthosefindings—whichincludeddatafromthesystem’s13communitycolleges,27technicalcollegesandsixuniversiti es—werepartofthedecisionnottomoveforwardwithGovernorBillHaslam’sproposaltoprivatizemanagem entofstatebuildingsinanefforttosavemoney.“Whilethesenumbersarestillbeingvalidatedbythestate,wefeelanyadjustmentstheymigh tsuggestwillbeimmaterial,”Morganwrotetothepresidents.“Systeminstitutionsareoperatin gveryefficientlybasedonthisanalysis,raisingthequestionofthevalueofpursuingabroadsca leoutsourcinginitiative.”Worker’sadvocateshavecriticizedHaslam’splan,sayingitwouldmeansomecampusworkerswouldl osetheirjobsorbenefits.Haslamhassaidcollegeswouldbefreetooptinoroutoftheoutsouringplan, whichhasnotbeenfinalized.MorgannotifiedtheHaslamadministrationofhisdecisiontooptoutinalettersentlastweek.Thatletter,whichincludesseveralconcernsMorganhaswiththeplan,wasoriginallyobtainedb yTheCommercialAppealinMemphis.Inanemailstatementfromthestate’sOfficeofCustomerFocusedGovernment,whichisexamining thepossibilityofoutsourcing,spokeswomanMichelleR.Martinsaidofficialswerestillworkingto analyzethedatafromtheBoardofRegents.Dataonmanagementexpensesatthecollegesystemandinoth erstatedepartmentswillbepartofa“businessjustification”thestatewilluseasofficialsdelibe ratethespecificsofanoutsourcingplan.“Thestate’sfacilitiesmanagementprojectteamisstillintheprocessofdevelopingitsbusines sjustificationandexpectstohavethatcompletedandavailabletothepublicattheendofFebruary,”M artinsaid.“Atthistimethereisnothingtotakeactiononsincetheanalysishasyettobecompleted.”Morgan’scommentsonoutsourcingmarkthesecondtimethismonththathehascomeoutagainstoneofHaslam’splansforhighereducationinTennessee.Morgansaidlastweekthathewouldretireattheen dofJanuarybecauseofthegovernor’sproposaltosplitoffsixuniversitiesoftheBoardofRegentssy stemandcreateseparategoverningboardsforeachofthem.Inhisresignationletter,Morgancalledt hereorganization“unworkable”.46.WhatdowelearnaboutthedecisionoftechnicalandcommunitycollegesinTennessee?A)Itisbackedbyacampusspendinganalysis.B)Ithasbeenflatlyrejectedbythegovernor.C)Ithasneglectedtheirfaculty’sdemands.D)Itwillimprovetheirfinancialsituation.47.Whatdoesthecampusspendinganalysisreveal?A)Privatecompaniesplayabigroleincampusmanagement.B)Facilitiesmanagementbycollegesismorecost-effective.C)Facilitiesmanagementhasgreatlyimprovedinrecentyears.D)Collegesexercisefoilcontrolovertheirownfinancialaffairs.48.Workers’supportersarguethatBillHaslam’sproposalwould .A)deprivecollegesoftherighttomanagetheirfacilitiesB)makeworkerslessmotivatedinperformingdutiesC)renderanumberofcampusworkersjoblessD)leadtotheprivatizationofcampusfacilities49.Whatdowelearnfromthestatespokeswoman’sresponsetoJohnMorgan’sdecision?A)Theoutsourcingplanisnotyetfinalized.B)Theoutsourcingplanwillbeimplemented.C)Thestateofficialsareconfidentabouttheoutsourcingplan.D)Thecollegespendinganalysisjustifiestheoutsourcingplan.50.WhydidJohnMorgandecidetoresign?A)HehadlostconfidenceintheTennesseestategovernment.B)Hedisagreedwiththegovernoronhighereducationpolicies.C)Hethoughtthestate’soutsourcingproposalwassimplyunworkable.D)Heopposedthegovernor’splantoreconstructthecollegeboardsystem.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beginninginthelatesixteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitP aris,Venice,Florence,andaboveall,Rome,as theculmination(终极)oftheirclassicaleducation.ThuswasborntheideaoftheGrandTour,apracticewhichintroduce dEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstotheartandcultureofFranceandItalyf orthenext300years.Travelwasarduousandcostlythroughouttheperiod,possibleonlyforaprivil egedclass—thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,authors,antiqueexperts,andpatronsofthearts.TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathoroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratur easwellassomeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckel mannpioneeredthefieldofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hew asportrayedbyhisfriendAntonRaphaelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGran dTourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsandsetoutwithlessscholarlyintentions,accompan iedbyateacherorguardian,andexpectedtoreturnhomewithsouvenirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanun derstandingofartandarchitectureformedbyexposuretogreatmasterpieces.LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;ma nytraveledtotheNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain, Greece,orTurkey.Theessentialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesTh ompsonspokeformanyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofvie wingacountrysofamousinhistory,acountrywhichoncegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresent thegreatestschoolofmusicandpainting,containsthenoblestproductionsofsculptureandarchit ecture,andisfilledwithcabinetsofrarities,andcollectionsofallkindsofhistoricalrelics”. WithinItaly,thegreatfocuswasRome,whoseancientruinsandmorerecentachievementswereshownt oeveryGrandTourist.Panini’sAncientRomeandModemRomerepresentthesightsmostprized,includ ingcelebratedGreco-Romanstatuesandviewsoffamousruins,fountains,andchurches.Sincetherewerefewmuseumsanywh ereinEuropebeforethecloseoftheeighteenthcentury,GrandTouristsoftensawpaintingsandscul pturesbygainingadmissiontoprivatecollections,andmanywereeagertoacquireexamplesofGreco-RomanandItalianartfortheirowncollections.InEngland,wherearchitecturewasincreasinglyse enasanaristocraticpursuit,noblemenoftenappliedwhattheylearnedfromthevillasofPalladioi ntheVenetoand theevocative(唤起回忆的)ruinsofRometotheirowncountryhousesandgardens.51.WhatissaidabouttheGrandTour?A)Itwasfashionableamongyoungpeopleofthetime.B)Itwasunaffordableforordinarypeople.C)ItproducedsomefamousEuropeanartists.D)Itmadeacompulsorypartofcollegeeducation.52.WhatdidGrandTouristshaveincommon?A)Theyhadmuchgeographicknowledge.B)Theywerecourageousandventuresome.C)Theywereversedinliteratureandinterestedinart.D)Theyhadenoughtravelandoutdoor-lifeexperience.53.HowdidGrandTouristsbenefitfromtheirtravel?A)Theyfoundinspirationintheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.B)Theygotabetterunderstandingofearlyhumancivilization.C)Theydevelopedaninterestintheoriginofmodemartforms.D)Theygainedsomeknowledgeofclassicalartandarchitecture.54.WhydidmanyGrandTouristsvisittheprivatecollections?A)Theycouldbuyuniquesouvenirstheretotakebackhome.B)Europehardlyhadanymuseumsbeforethe19thcentury.C)Theyfoundtheantiquestheremorevaluable.D)Privatecollectionswereofgreatervariety.55.HowdidtheGrandTourinfluencethearchitectureinEngland?A)ThereappearedmoreandmoreRoman-stylebuildings.B)ManyaristocratsbegantomoveintoRoman-stylevillas.C)Aristocrats，countryhousesallhadRoman-stylegardens.D)Italianarchitectswerehiredtodesignhousesandgardens.PartIV Translation (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron AnswerSheet2.唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题与参考答案(全三套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
2019年12月六级答案公布(三套完整版)
温馨提示：2019年12月英语六级考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对（大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数）。
作文写作（共三套，忽略套数，只核对内容）第一套：The Importance of Having a Sense of Social ResponsibilityAs we all know, responsibility is one of the most basic qualities. If we give up the responsibility, we are equal to give up the whole world. As far as I am concerned, we should have a high sense of responsibility to become an upright person.How can we cultivate social responsibility? To start with, children should be taught about good moral outlooks, so that when they grow up, they will become law-abiding and responsible citizens. Furthermore, the humanistic education is vital, especially for us university students because we are the future pillars of our country. Last but not least, it is necessary to encourage people to care for others, help others through all kinds of propaganda, because each individual is closely related to and bears obligations to others.If all the citizens have a sound sense of social responsibility, it is hopeful that the world will enjoy a better future. Therefore, let's take our social responsibility and contribute to our society.第二套：The Importance of Having a Sense of Family ResponsibilityHome is a warm harbor for every family member. It brings us warmth, and gives us strength over the long course of our lives. While enjoying the benefits of the family, everyone should have a sense of family responsibility and contribute to the happiness of the family life.To begin with, as a member of the family, everyone is obliged to take on family responsibilities. Secondly, by taking family responsibilities, the relationship between family members can be strengthened, thus a harmonious family can be created, which can make each family member feel a sense of belonging. A good growing environment will influence one’s psychological development and ultimately one’s personal development. More than that, each person with a good sense of family responsibility will develop a good sense of social responsibility, which will do good to our society.To sum up, it is of great importance for everyone to have a sense of family responsibility, not only in that it strengthens family bond, thus do good to one’s personal development, but that it is beneficial to the social development. So, my dear friends, please take an active part in your family responsibilities!第三套：The Importance of Having a Sense of Community ResponsibilityWe all live in community. Community responsibility is an individual's duty or obligation to the community, which includes cooperation, respect and participation. The concept goes beyond thinking and acting as individuals to common beliefs about shared interests. With the development of society and interpersonal communication, it has gradually become a basic requirement for everyone.In my opinion, the sense of community responsibility is equally important to the development of community and the growth of individuals. As a college student, the sense of community responsibility means that we should give priority to the interests of the our school and class. If everyone takes on our own responsibilities, we can not only make our school better, but also improve our moral standard. As a citizen, we should pay more attention to the collective interests and exercise our obligations as citizens, such as participating in community voting and promoting environmental protection, etc. If everyone contributes our part, everything around us will become better.All in all, all of us should assume our community responsibilities, take the collective interests first and think more about others. Only in this way, will social development be more smooth and the relationship between people become more harmonious.听力听力（共2套）第一套：Section A: 1-81.D) Features editor.2.C) Answering daily emails.3.B) It is fascinating.4.A) Her persistence.5.A) It is enjoyable.6.D) It is written, directed, edited and produced by Frankie himself.7.D) Download and watch it.8.B) It has been showing for over a decade.Section B: 9-159.C) They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt.10.A) They do not have many years to live after retirement.11.A) It prevents us from worrying.12.B) It wanders for almost half of their waking time.13.A) To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.14.C) It contributes to their creativity15.D) Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.Section C: 16-2516.D) They are in worsening condition.17.C) They are without foundations.18.C) Timber was abundant in Scandinavia.19.D) Abilities of human babies.20.A) They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one.21.B) Babies emotions.22.B) It may hinder individual career advancement.23.C) They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized.24.A) They can enlarge their professional circle.25. B) It may prevent making a timely decision.第二套：Section A: 1-81.A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.2.B) Its market has now shrunk.3.A) Its definition is varied and complicated.4.C) Listen to them yourself.5.D) She went to the bank.6.B) Her credit history was considered poor.7.C) Start her own business.8.C) Build up her own finances step by step.Section B: 9-159.C) It is small and unconventional.10.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard.11.D) It loosens soil while seeding.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.13.B) It was a pleasant surprise.14.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.Section C: 16-2516.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17.A) It was defective.18.A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.19.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20.A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.21.C) Deterioration of workers’mental health.22.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.23.B) The city had just been reunified.24.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25. C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.阅读阅读（共3套）第一套：选词填空When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases开头26-30 GJEAL31-35 BOCDN26. G) detrimental27. J) indulging28. E) deficits29. A) assessed30. L) rapidly31. B) assigned32. O) similar33. C) consequences34. D) conspicuously35. N) regularly信息匹配Increased Screen Time and Wellbeing Decline in Youth36-45GCHDB EJFIA仔细阅读Passage One—The dangerous thing about lying开头46-50 ADBBB46. A) It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.47. D) It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.48. B) When they face too much peer pressure.49. B) When they are under watchful eyes.50. B) They will tell bigger lies.Passage Two—Here is how....开头51-55 CADBC51. C) A massive natural catastrophe52. A) To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami53. D) Enormous stress is released54. B) Reducing casualties in the event of a disaster55. C) Its occurrence is just a matter of time第二套：The persistent开头26-35 KCNMD IHJOL26. K) prematurely27. C) determine28. N) synonymous29. M) switching30. D) generated31. I) particles32. H) opting33. J) peak34. O) trend35. L) simply信息匹配How much protein do you really want?36-45 CEAFM GBHDL仔细阅读Passage One—Last year开头（态度的重要性）46-50 CAADB46. C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment.47. A) Their idols’behaviors.48. A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave.49. D) They lack willpower.50. B) Starting to act in a way that embodies one’s aspirations. Passage Two——Industrial fishing for krill开头51-55 CBADC51. C) It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales52. B) To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region.53. A) Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas.54. D) Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem.55. C) A provider of the needed expertise.第三套：选词填空The number of开头26-30 ELHAJ31-35 BIDFK26. E) circumstances27. L) lonely28. H) consciousness29. A) alleviate30. J) excluded31. B) apparently32. I) desires33. D) associated34. F) competitive35. K) feature信息匹配Why More Farmers Are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Dairy36-45 FCJDG AIEBK仔细阅读Passage One—Schools are not just开头46-50 BBDCC46. B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.47. B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.48. D) Activities involving all students on campus.49. A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit.50. C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.Passage Two—Rising temperatures and overfishing开头51-55 ACDAD51. A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.52. C) Industrial fishing and climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.53. D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54. A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time.55. D) Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.翻译翻译（共3套）第一套：The peony, with its rich colors and elegant images, symbolizes peace and prosperity and is known as the "king of flowers" in China. Peony is cultivated in many parts of China. For thousands of years, many poems and paintings have been created in praise of peonies. During the Tang Dynasty, peonies were widely planted in the imperial gardens and known as the national flower, so they were very popular. In the 10th century, the ancient city of Luoyang became a center for peony cultivation and remains so today. Now, tens of thousands of tourists from home and abroad flock to Luoyang for the annual peony festival to admire the unique beauty of the city's peonies and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.第二套：Plum blossom, which originated in southern China, has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years, and tops the list of China’s Top 10 famous flowers. In the middle of winter, colorful plum blossoms facing the wind and snow proudly bloom. In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom symbolizes strength, purity and elegance, inspiring people to overcome hardships and forge ahead. Since ancient times, many poets and painters have drawn inspiration from the plum blossom and created countless immortal works. The common people also love plum blossoms, which are often used as home decorations during the Spring Festival. The city of Nanjing hasdesignated the plum blossom as the city flower. Every year, the Plum Blossom Festival is held，when tens of thousands of people brave the bitter cold to walk in the snow and appreciate the plum blossoms on Plum Blossom Mountain.第三套：Lotus is one of the best-known flowers in China which people love deeply. Many lakes and ponds in China are suitable for lotus’growth. Lotus features bright colors, blossoming in the morning and closing in the evening with a long flowering period of two to three months, attracting tourists across the country to appreciate it. Lotus has a variety of functions, which can not only green waters and beautify courtyards but also purify water, reduce pollution and improve environment. Lotus symbolizes purity and elegance and represents people's noble morals as it does not fear the strong sunshine and keeps clean in the mud. Therefore, the flower has become an important creation theme for poets and painters throughout the Chinese history, and the place where the lotus blooms is also frequented by many photography lovers.。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(完整)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（完整）2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s.B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2. A)Her unique personality.B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of interest to performing arts.D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing person.B)She was modest and hardworkingC)She was easy-going on the whole.D)She was usually not very optimistic.4. A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D)Her family benifited from other people’s help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B)Rise some questions.C)Start a new company.D)Ateed a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B)It will raise productivities.C)No staff willl be dismissed.D)No new staff will be hired.7.A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels.D) The company’s new missions.8.A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company’s own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.10.A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11.A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images. B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments. D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown. B) The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted. D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb. B) His identity remains unclear.D) He was a collector of antiques. D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will beplayed only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20.A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)It used to have more water than Earth.D)It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Causes of sleeplessness.B)Cross-cultural communication.C)Cultural psychology.D)Motivation and positive feelings.23.A) They attach great importance to sleep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24.A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.C)By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.25.A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 , to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods likebread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other, more ft-promoting carbohydrates.“The study found that pasta didn’t 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat,”said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. “In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.”In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss 34 to concerns. perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy dietThose involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.A) adverseB) championedC clinicalD) contraryE) contributeF) intimateG) lumpedH) magnified D) minimum J) radiating K) rationL) shooting M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and ClicksA) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a smallbase of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.D) So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently, “We’re frankly scratching our heads.”F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot. com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly. Thedot.corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, onventional retailers’confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years agomost people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.L) So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals.Many are having the same problem that newspapers have. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.M) A few seem to be making this work.Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy’s, Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), “Growth here is too slow.”Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one.click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions.A recent study gradedmore than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay.Almost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable.Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems.It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales.It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with“non-store retailers"1ike food trucks.can mask major changes in individual retail categories.The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways.but they have chosen not to.O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon.The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category.Investors shouldn’t write off brickand mortar.Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter36.Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.37.Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.38.Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping.39.Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated.40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.42.Brick and mortar retailers’faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time. 44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching thefuture of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studyin history,”Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it;s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,”he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one-industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success increating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.”Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,”she said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?A) They are much influenced by the academic community.B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has beeninviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say. That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,”says Rodriguez. But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,”he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,”all work better “than going through asurvey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.“I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on,”she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?51. What does the passage say about the startups?A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.B) They want to have a share of the seniors’goods market.C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale toA) have an interview with potential customersB) conduct a survey of retirement communitiesC) collect residents’feedback on their productsD) show senior residents how to use IT products53. What do we know about SentabTV?A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?A) Winning trust from prospective customers.B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.成语(Chinese idioms)是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析(完整版)
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（完整版）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.7. A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry.C It requires new technology.D) It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recording will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers’ mental heal th.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airports are outdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferredthem—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.A) alleviate I) desiresB) apparently J) excludedC) arrogant K) featureD) associated L) lonelyE) circumstances M) separateF) competitive N) spectacularlyG) conceded O) warrantH) consciousnessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand forgrass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (发酵乳饮品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic marketresearch company SPINS. Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertil ized by the cows’ own fertilizer[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That’s when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed bas e price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing t he way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%，[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC’S mo st successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn. [L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up withWisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’ We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains.36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances. and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire c hildren’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores inA-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel. and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures. some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising. with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips. which are becoming increasinglycommon. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46. What does the author say best schools should do?A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47. What does the author think about school field trips?A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A) Events aiming to improve community services.B) Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity.C) Events that require mutual understanding.D) Activities involving all students on campus.49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit.B) They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C) They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D)They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks,50. What is the author’s expectat ion of schools?A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study’s report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world’s last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, w arned:“If there’re no actions aimed at haling or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may son disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern ov er the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill (磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins - 1.1 million breeding pairs - will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a hugeabundance of marine life - is being pushed further south, This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said:“The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53. What does the passage say about king penguins?A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time.B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C) Whales will invade king penguins’ breeding grounds.D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.D)Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。
2019年6月英语六级考试真题与答案
英语六级考试真题与答案真题：Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要3. 我认为On the Importance of a NamePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to "Long story short :my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,”Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.”Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffing ton post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.”The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?From the “she’s an irresponsible mother”camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,”in Comments on the buffing ton post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?”But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buff ing ton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.”Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids —promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, isdedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.”So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19.Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much ai rtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of lett ing them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school.The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Galla gher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center.For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.”Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.”But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids.And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析(完整版)
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（完整版）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard.1.A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2.A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3.A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4.A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.5.A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6.A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.7.A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8.A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry.C It requires new technology.D) It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recording will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17.A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18.A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20.A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21.A) Loss of workers’personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers’ mental health.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23.A) The city’s airports are outdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24.A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25.A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do.But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 .In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets.In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness.When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities.According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them.One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer.Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks.On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance.Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations.An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best.The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.A) alleviate I) desiresB) apparently J) excludedC) arrogant K) featureD) associated L) lonelyE) circumstances M) separateF) competitive N) spectacularlyG) conceded O) warrantH) consciousnessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land.Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture.The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought theshorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test.In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York.He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand forgrass-fed products currently exceeds supply.Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate.Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (发酵乳饮品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%.This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic market research company SPINS.Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York.The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed.In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain.Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight.Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics.Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk.Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins.By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed.These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertilized by the cows’own fertilizer[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement.Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon.And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market.The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus.Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way forfamily-scale farms to stay ually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working.That’s when they call Maple Hill.If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin.Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management.Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms.Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s st summer, Massachusettsgrass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year.Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members.Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting.In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides.Price, for one, is an issue.Joseph says his products are priced10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed.As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced20-25% over the conventional alternative.But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%,[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed.For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland.Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well.But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model.“The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,”he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars.Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat.Soon after launching EPIC’S most successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture.When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed.The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain.So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison.EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price.The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,”Collins explains.36.Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37.Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.38.One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39.Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40.Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41.Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42.One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43.Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44.When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45.A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society: they mediate it too.The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.This is ambitious in any circumstances.and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools.Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds.Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do.Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast.The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line.The discrepancy is startlingly apparent.Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s cational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests.In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel.and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday.Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures.some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be trulylife-changing.They should be applauded.Methods such as whole-schoolfundraising.with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000.Such initiatives close doors for many pupils.Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips.Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs.However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips.which are becoming increasingly common.Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed.But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46.What does the author say best schools should do?A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47.What does the author think about school field trips?A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48.What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A) Events aiming to improve community services.B) Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity.C) Events that require mutual understanding.D) Activities involving all students on campus.49.What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit.B) They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C) They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D)They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks,50.What is the author’s expectation of schools?A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study.The study’s report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world’s last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds. Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned:“If there’re no actions aimed at haling or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays thesame, the species may son disappear.”The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill (磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins.But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins - 1.1 million breeding pairs - will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.”King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea.As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life - is being pushed further south, This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer.And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said:“The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic.Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems.As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems.The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce.Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51.What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52.What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53.What does the passage say about king penguins?A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54.What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time.B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C) Whales will invade king penguins’ breeding grounds.D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55.What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.D)Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.荷花是中国的名花之一, 深受人们喜爱。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(全三套)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with sev eral possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
2019年6月六级真题与解析(一)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（一）D i rectio ns: For this pa.rt, you are a llowed 30 minu tes to write a n essay o n the importan ce of tea m spirit and co m munic ation in the workplace. You should w rite at least 枑Q words but 叩more than包堕wo rds.P art I Writing (30 minutes)＇，．．s ' . A . . . , -e c h o n D i r ect ions: In this section ', you will hear t 叩long conve_r sations. At the erlf1. of ea_ch conversatio n, you will hear f our questions. Both the conversation a nd the questions w f l l be spoken on ly once.: After you hea r a question , you must choose the best answer from the four chpices mar ked A), B), C) and D). Th en mar k the cor responding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line th�ough the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1 . A) A s tx-mont h-Iong negotia tion. C) A project with a tro�blesome client. B)Preparat�9ns for th�party.D)Gift wrapping for the colleagues.2.A) Take wedding photos.C)Start a small busmess.B)Advertise her company.D)Throw a celebration party.3.A) Hesitant.. B) Nervous. C)Flattered. D)Surprised.4.A) Start·her own bakery��: •·. . C)Share h er coo king e xpene nce.B).Improve her baking skill. .· ·'. · · ··-'·. . D) Prepare -food ·for the wedding: Questions S to 8 are based on the conversation ·you h五ve just heard ·_•, , ,5.A) They have to spend more tune studying.B)They have to participate in club activities... -, ·, ;, ·.· ·.,.C)They have to be more responsible fpr what they do: ,ii:•:·�, ·D). They have to choose a specific academic'discipline. -· 占6.A) Get ready for a career. 1 t,''-•: C) Set a long -term goal. B)Make a lot of friends.,, D) Behave like adults. 7.A) Those who shar e her aca demic in terests. ·.C)Those who can ·help her when she is in need.B)Those w ho resp ect her studen t comm itments . D) Th ose wh o go to the sa me club s as she does.8.A) Those h elpful fo r tappin g their potentia l. • . r B)Thos e cond ucive to im provi ng th eir so cial skills .C)Tho se help ful f or c ultiv ating indi vidu al in tere sts.D)Those condu cive to th eir ac adem ic studie s.Pa rt H Listening Comprehension (30'minutes) '·"•' I ．,r ' . I ' ! •.I．， `· ｀ 、会Se ct io n B ,.I ••、D i rectio ns:, In th is sec tion, you _will h ear ·two passa ges. At t he end of e ach p assag e ; , you w ill he a; th ree or four ques tions . Both the p assag e a nd the ques tions will b e spo ken o nly o nce : Afte r you hear a qu estio n , you m ust choo se the best answe r f rom the 'four : choi ces mar ked A ) , B) , C) and D) . The n , mar k the co rres po ndin g lette r on Ans wer Sh ee t ,1 with a sing le li ne t hrou gh t he c entr e.六级2019年6月 1\\Questio ns 9 to 11 are b ased on the pass age you have just heard.9.A) They break aw ay from traditiona l ways of thinking.B)They are prepare d t�wor k harder t �an anyone else.'C)They are good at refining old formulas.D)They bring their potential into full play.10._A) They contribu ted to th e populari ty of ski ing worldwi de.B)They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing technique;厂,i , C)They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.D)They made explosive news in the sports world.11.A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world.,�C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.D)He broke three world skiing records in three years.• ； 房片） !.;;•!, Questions 12 to 15 are bas ed on the pas sage you have just heard. 12.A? They appear restless.C )Th ey lo se c on sc 10us ne ss .·B) They become upset.D )Th ey di e al m os t i ns ta nt ly .13.A) It h a s an mst ant effec t on you r body chemistry .'B) I t keeps re turning to you ever y now an d then.C)It leaves you with a long-lasting impression.\,: �..... 习'-. I]:',! D)It contributes to the shaping of your mind. . ·"，＇，｀． 14.A) To succeed while feeling irritated.· 岫'C)To be f ree fro m f rust rati on and fai lure . B)To feel happy without good health. ·、·D)To e njoy good hea lth w hi�e in da rk m oods :15.A) They are closely .,connected.'·C) They ar e too compl ex to under stand.B)They f . 嘈,i ,!?'). unction m a ·similar way. ·D) They r einforce e ach other constant ly.I • • L 忒＇，；，＼ ．． 干．． ''. ,; r ．今．4 •·' Section C , •• 1 I'.�i 、).. ,, ...Directions: In this section, you . will , hear three recordings of lectures or talks .followed by .three or four questions. The recordings will . be played only �once. After you hear a question , -you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B).,·C). and D). -Then .mark the corresponding le tter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. .,. , 石，；．～｀Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heanl. 1 • ·, • 1·. , 1 . • t'16.A) They differ in their appreciation of music. ·1 C) The y fi nge r th e pi ano ke ys i n ·diff eren t way s .B)They focus their attent ion on differe nt things. D)吓ey choose differ ent pieces of mu sic to play.17.A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.. .. . ,-:-, B)They use effective tactics to defeatitheir competitors.C)They ,try hard to meet'the sp 立tators'expectations.-:i .•,、l '!f!JI I • D)They attach great importance to high performance. , i r .i .• : 18.A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.B)It adopts a conventional approach to research! , ., ;,11 1; 乒J'1一、;! .', : •I! I •• `、·C)It supports a piece of conventional wisdom., , r, ,1· 飞，l.,'f 'I , ,, 龟＇，D) It gi v es nse to controversy among experts. ,. J, , : ·, 1'( Questions 19 to 21 are based on the reconling you have just heard. ,·. ，＂＇：身19.A) ,People s envy of slim ·models.. ·C) Th . e ·mcre asing rang e of fanc y pr od uct s.,'B)P eopl e 's cr aze for good heal th. •• r• • .-··· ·D) ,The grea t vari e ty of sli mrri " 20.A ) They appear vigorous.mg pr od uc ts. , "· · • ·'·C ) T h e y l o o k c h a rm in g .B)They appear strange.·1'· ·, D)_They .look unh ealt hy.六级2019年6月、2,、I ''Sec tion B I , Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. 如ch statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. 应ch paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks ．， A)Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls , are emptying .. Toe depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings anno1:1ncements of large retail stores like Macy 's, �ordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour o�an intensive care unit. The internet is apparently taking down yet another i ndustry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店）seem to be going the way of the yellow page s.Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged15. 2 percentbetween the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.B)But before you dump all'of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking onlyat that 15. 2 percent "surge" would be ··misl e ading. It was ,an increase that was on a small base of6. 9 percen t. Even whena tiny numbe r grow s by a large perce ntage t erms, i t is ofte n still t iny.C)_ More than _20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, t�e�ensus B�reau te�ls us _ that brickand mortar sales accounted for 92. 3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show th.a�only O. 8 percent of retail sales shifted fro� ·o ffline to o五l�e -betwe e �the peginning of 2015and 2016.D)So, despite all the taik about dro 加，（无人机）deli.J�ries to you"r ·doorstep, all the 'ret五ii executivesexpressing anxiety over consumers goingonline, and even a Presidentiai 、ca�didate exclaiming thatAmazon has ·a "huge 'antitrust problem," the Census data ·suggest that 'physical retail is thriving. Of I • course 'the closed store s 'depressed execu tive s 'and sinking " stocks 'sug驴st otherwise., What's the real1_1_，·sto ry ?E)Many 'firms operatingbrick ! and呻rtar stores ·are in ·trouble. ·The retail industry ·is getting"reinvented," as we describe in our new ·book , Matchmakers. rIt's standing in the 'path of whatSchumpeter called a gale (大风）of creative ·destruction:. T hat-storm has been brewing f or some time,and as it has reached gale force, most large -retailers ate -searching for a response. As •the CFO ofMacy's put it recently, "We 're fra n kly scratching our heads.".·, . , . _F)But it's not happen ing as experts predicted. In the p eak C?f the dot,:com bubble, brick and mortar r etailwas on e of those industrie s the internet�as going to kill 一and quickly. _The _d ot_.c om bust , discredited 1. most predictions ofthat sort and _�n _ the yea r s .t hat followed, conve�tional retailers'confidenc �in the、future increased as C ensus continue d to report weak on line sales. And then the gale hit.G)It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention is�'t a si�ple battle to the death between bric捻and clicks. It is about devising retail models tha t work for people who are ma�ing increasing use <;1f a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailersare using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores _ do from managinginventory, tomarketing, to getting paid.ID More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear 'on your doorstep, Apple's massively·suc�essfulbrick-and-mo rtar-and-glass retail stores and Amazons small steps m the same direction are what should keep old-fashionedretailersawake at night .. N ot to mention the large numbe�of creative newretailers, li l ce B�nobos, that are blending onl ine and�f f line experiences in creative .wa y �. I)Retail reinvention i�not a simple process, and it _'s . also not happening on what ,used to be called"Inte rn etTime. " Someinternet-drivenchanges have happenedquickly, of course. �raigs list quickly overtook newspape r classified ads and t urned newspaper economics upside 、�own.But many widelyanticipated changes weren 't quick, and some haven 't really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后六级2019年6月 4 '. ; 一、·I\_-panies that successfully com bine online and of f line business models may prove to be a big concernfor traditional retailers.42.Brick and mo rtar retailers'faith in their busines s was strengthened when the dot. com bubble burst.43.Despite the tremendous challenges f rom online retailing, traditional r etailing will be here to stay forquite some time. ·.44.With the rise of online comme rce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the sa�e fate as the yellowpages.45.The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent theirbusiness.．，.，Section CDirections: There are 2 passages'in this section .加ch pass a ge is followed by some如巧tion s or unfinished statements. For each of them t here are four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice a nd mark'the correspon ding letter on Ans wer Sheet 2 with a singl e line through the centre. Passage OneQuestion s 46 to 50�based o n the fo llowing passag e. · 广，Professor S tephen Hawkin g has warned that the creatio n�f powerf�l artificial intelligence (AI) will be "either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity", and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as "crucial to the future of our c1vil1sat1on and our species".�awking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute·that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in.AI research.·"yve spend a great deal of time studying history," Hawking said, "which, let's face it, is·m。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案2019年6月大学英语六级真题（第一套）PartⅠWritingDirections:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least150words but no more than200 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s.B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2.A)Her unique personality.B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of interest to performing arts.D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid.3.A)She was not an outgoing person.B)She was modest and hardworkingC)She was easy-going on the whole.D)She was usually not very optimistic.4.A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D)Her family benefited from other people’s help.Questions5to8are based on the recording you have just heard.5.A)Give a presentation.B)Rise some questions.C)Start a new company.D)Attend a board meeting.6.A)It will cut production costs.B)It will raise productivity.C)No staff will be dismissed.D)No new staff will be hired.7.A)The timeline of restructuring.B)The reasons for restructuring.C)The communication channels.D)The company’s new missions.8.A)By consulting their own department managers.B)By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C)By exploring various channels of communication.D)By visiting the company’s own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B)It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C)It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D)It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.10.A)Avoiding possible dangers.B)Finding their way around.C)Identifying drug smugglers.D)Looking after sick passengers.11.A)Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B)Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C)Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D)Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B)Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C)At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D)At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13.A)A number of different images.B)A number of mythological heroes.C)Various musical instruments.D)Paintings by famous French artists.14.A)The originality and expertise shown.B)The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted.D)The impressive skills and costly dyes.15.A)His artistic taste is superb.B)His identity remains unclear.D)He was a collector of antiques.D)He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)They encourage international cooperation.B)They lay stress on basic scientific research.C)They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D)They favour scientists from its member countries.17.A)Many of them wish to win international recognition.B)They believe that more hands will make light work.C)They want to follow closely the international trend.D)Many of their projects have become complicated.18.A)It requires mathematicians to work independently.B)It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C)It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D)It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B)Scientists discovered water on Venus.C)Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D)Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20.A)It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A)It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)It used to have more water than Earth.D)It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)Causes of sleeplessness.B)Cross-cultural communication.C)Cultural psychology.D)Motivation and positive feelings.23.A)They attach great importance to sleep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24.A)By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observin g people’s sleep patterns in labs.C)By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.25.A)It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with tenblanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Pasta is no longer off the menu,after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet,and even help people lose weight.For years,nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a26,to cut calories,prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins,Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread,pasta and potatoes for vegetables,fish and meat.More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been28by clean-eating experts.But now a29review and analysis of30studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain,but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months.The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化) because it had been30in with other,more ft-promoting carbohydrates.“The study found that pasta didn’t31to weight gain or increase in body fat,”said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper.“In32the evidence,we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an33effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.”In fact,analysis actually showed a small weigh loss34toconcerns.perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet Those involved in the35trials on average ate3.3servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates,one serving equaling around half a cup.They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of12weeks.A)adverse B)championed C）clinical D)contraryE)contribute F)intimate G)lumped H)magnifiedD)minimum J)radiating K)ration L)shootingM)subscribe N)systematic O)weighingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and ClicksA)Retail profits are falling sharply.Stores are closing.Malls are emptying.The depressing storiesjust keep coming.Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom,and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit.The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry.Brick and mortar stores(实体店)seem to be going the way of the yellow pages.Sure enough,the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged15.2percent between the first quarter of2015and the first quarter of 2016.B)But before you dump all of your retail stocks,there are more facts you should consider. Looking only atthat15.2percent"surge"would be misleading.It was an increase that was on a small base of6.9percent.Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms,it is often still tiny.C)More than20years after the internet was opened to commerce,the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for92.3percent of retail sales in the first quarter of2016.Their data show that only0.8percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of2015and2016.D)So,despite all the talk about drone(无人机)deliveries to your doorstep,all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online,and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a"huge antitrust problem,"the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving.Of course,the closed stores,depressed executives,and sinking stocks suggest otherwise.What's the real story?E)Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble.The retail industry is getting reinvented,as we describe in our new book Matchmakers.It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale(大风)of creative destruction.That storm has been brewing for some time,and as it has reached gale force,most large retailers are searching for a response.As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently,“We’re frankly scratching our heads.”F)But it’s not happening as experts predicted.In the peak of the /doc/c88263180.html, bubble,brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly.The dot.corm bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed,conventional retailers’confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales.And then the gale hit.G)It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks.It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search,shop,and buy.Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory,to marketing,to getting paid.H)More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep,Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night.Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers,like Bonobos,that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.I)Retail reinvention is not a simple process,and it’s also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time."Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly,of course.Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down.But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick,and some haven’t really started.With the benefit of hindsight(后见之明),it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity.B2B commerce,for example,didn’t move mainly online by2005as many had predicted in2000,nor even by2016,but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.J)But the gale is still blowing.The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years,even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales,is a critical warning.People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to goto as many stores to find what they want.There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds,which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.K)The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention.Even five years ago most people faced a choice.Sit at your computer,probably at home or at the office,search and browse,and buy.Or head out to the mall,or Main Street,look and shop,and buy.Now,just about everyone has a smartphone,connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time.Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store,she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.L)So far,the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores,so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals.Many are having the same problem that newspapers have.Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.M)A few seem to be making this work.Among large traditional retailers,Walmart recently reported the best results,leading its stock price to surge,while Macy’s,Target,and Nord strom’s dropped.Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew7percent,leading its CEO to lament (哀叹),“Growth here is too slow.”Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one.click patent,the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions.A recent study graded more than600internet retailers on how easy it was for consumersto shop,buy,and pay.Almost half of the sites didn’t get apassing grade and only18percent got an A or B.N)The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately,part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable.Our deep100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems.It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales.It is certain that the Census procedures,which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with“non-store retailers"1ike food trucks.can mask major changes in individual retail categories.The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways.but they have chosen not to.O)Despite the turmoil,brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon.The big questions are which,if any,of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves,which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls,and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category.Investo rs shouldn’t write off brick and mortar.Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter36.Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years,nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers,according to a recent survey.37.Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.38.Despite what the Census data suggest,the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping.39.Innovative-driven changes in the retail industry didn’ttake place as quickly as widely anticipated.40.Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business./doc/c88263180.html,panies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.42.Brick and mortar retailers’faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.43.Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing,traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.44.With the rise of online commerce,physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.45.The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI)will be“either the best,or the worst thing,ever to happen to humanity”,and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as“crucial to the future of our civiliza tion and our species”.Hawking was speaking at the opening of the LeverhulmeCentre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI)at Cambridge University,a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research.“We spend a great deal of time studying history,”Hawking said,“which,let’s face it,is mostly the history of stupidity.So it;s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI,raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own,he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bri ng.“The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,”he said.“We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI.Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution,we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one-industrialization.And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty.And every aspect of our lives will be transformed.In short,success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civi lization.”Huw Price,the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University,where Hawking is also an academic,said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk.That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity,while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden,professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions.As recently as2009,she said,the topic wasn’t taken seriously,even among AI researchers.“AI is hugely exciting,”shesaid,“but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits.A number of pioneers from the technology industry,most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk,have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46.What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A)It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.B)It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C)It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D)It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47.What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?A)It would accelerate the progress of AI research.B)It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C)It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D)It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.48.What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?A)The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B)The shift of research from theory to implementation.C)The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D)The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.49.What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?A)It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B)It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C)Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D)Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50.What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from thetechnology industry?A)They are much influenced by the academic community.B)They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C)They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D)They believe they can keep AI under human control.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach$30billion by next year,and startups(初创公司)want in on the action.What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products.So Brookdale,the country’s largest owner ofretirement communities,has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days,show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez,28,all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance,California.Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager f or a company called Sentab.The startup’s product,SentabTV,enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email,video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.“It’s nothing new,it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,”says Rodriguez.But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room.Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon.Playing cards was on the agenda,as well as learning to play mahjong(麻将).Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’tfeel like he’s selling them something.“I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,”he says.“Playing p ool,playing cards,having dinner,having lunch,”all work better“than going through a survey of questions.When they get to know me and to trust me,knowing for sure I’m not selling them something-there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s1,100senior living communities.Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.Mary Lou Busch,93,agreed to try the Sentab system.She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone,but not for her.“I have the computer and Face Time,which I talk with my family on,”she explains.She also has an iPad and a smartphone.“So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”To be fair,if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技术的) seniors,he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community.This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor.Many residents have backgrounds in engineering,business and academic circles.But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community:“People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”And besides,where else would he learn to play mahjong?51.What does the passage say about the startups?A)They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.B)They want to have a share of the seniors’goods market.C)They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.D)They try to profit from promoting digital products toseniors.52.Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale toA)have an interview with potential customersB)conduct a survey of retirement communitiesC)collect residents’feedback on their productsD)show senior residents how to use IT products53.What do we know about SentabTV?A)It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.B)It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C)It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D)It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.54.What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?A)Winning trust from prospective customers.B)Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C)Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.D)Responding promptly to customer feedback.55.What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?A)Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.B)They are quite at ease with high-tech products.C)They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D)Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.成语(Chinese idioms)是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
2019年12月英语六级真题及答案
2019年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷一） 作文第一篇作文第一篇: sense of social responsibility:: sense of social responsibility:Living in an age when the economy is rapidly developing and the commercial environment becomes increasingly complicated, we have to realize that a sense of ss social responsibility plays such an important role that it defines what we are and determines how many accomplishments humans can achieve in the future.The reasons why sense of social responsibility is so important can be listed as follows. On the one hand, a sense of social responsibility can inherently restrain SSproducers' behavior, which can tremendously reduce the possibility of producing fake or even harmful commodities. Without a sense of social responsibility, some producers might do great harm to the whole society. Take Sanlu milk powder as an example. example. It It was such such an an irresponsible irresponsible enterprise enterprise enterprise that that it added tripolycyanamide tripolycyanamide to to its milk powder, which tragically led to many babies'developmental disorders and ruined many families' happiness. On the other hand, as a member of the society, we Iposhould should also also also be be be responsible responsible responsible for for what what we we we do do do to to to others others others as as as well well as the the whole whole whole social social environmentAs far as I'm concerned, a sense of social responsibility is to our society what sunshine is to humans. Although we can survive for a while without sunshine, but our our phealthy phealthy phealthy and and and long-lasting long-lasting long-lasting development development development can can can never never never shine shine shine without without without sun, sun, sun, just just just as as as our our society can never thrive without a sense of social responsibility.选词填空选词填空((第一套第一套):):卷一卷一::选词填空空气污染和交通26: K...died prematurely from...27: C ..will determine the everyday...28: N become synonymous with air...29: M ...simply switching to electric...30: D ..run them is generated,31: I tiny airborn particles as...?32:H are opting for33: J ...reached its peak and...34: O..with this trend 34: O..with this trend，，35: L can simply double...信息匹配信息匹配((第一套第一套):):卷一卷一::信息匹配信息匹配 How much protein do you really need? How much protein do you really need?36:c 段落首句段落首句:. :. . government's' recommended daily allowanceRDA37:E 段落首句段落首句: : If you are considering supplement you are considering supplement，， read the list of38:A 段落首句段落首句: The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier : The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies39:F 段落首句段落首句: : But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein5540:M 段落首句段落首句: :There have been some indications that extra protein makes the41:G 段落首句段落首句: Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat42:B : Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat42:B 段落首句段落首句: For starters : For starters : For starters，， protein is critical for every cell in our body43:H 段落首句段落首句: In fact : In fact : In fact，， along with her colleague Connie Bales along with her colleague Connie Bales，，44:D 段落首句段落首句: So if it's' so easy to get your protein in food : So if it's' so easy to get your protein in food45:L 段落首句段落首句: But can people overdo protein?: But can people overdo protein?仔细阅读仔细阅读((第一套第一套):):46-50:46-50:态度的重要性一笑而过态度的重要性一笑而过pass 一笑而过46:)It determines how we respond to our immediate environment 47: A)Their idols'behaviors48: A)They may not suggest how a person is going to behave49: D)They lack willpowers550:B)Starting to act in way that embodies one's' aspirations51-55:51-55:保护南极保护南极51: C)It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales 52:B)To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic regior53: A)Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation arcas 54: D)Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem pas 55: C)A provider of the needed expertis翻译翻译梅花位居中国十大名花之首梅花位居中国十大名花之首,,源于中国南方源于中国南方,,已有三千多年的栽培和种植历史。
六级英语真题2019年6月(第三套)试卷及答案详解
C) Conflicts within the company.
B) Unforeseen difficulties.
D) Imitation by one's competitors.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life. 17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.
B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers. C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.
15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.
B) It tells扛aditional stories dUiing family time.
C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.
B) They all have professional qualifications. D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.
8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.
B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析一、真题回顾2019年12月大学英语六级考试笔试部分主要包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。
以下是对真题的简要回顾及答案解析。
（一）听力部分听力部分共30题，分为短篇新闻、长对话和听力篇章三部分。
1. 短篇新闻真题回顾：本题共7段新闻，内容涉及国际新闻、国内新闻、科技新闻等。
答案解析：考生在听力过程中需关注新闻的关键信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，以便准确回答问题。
2. 长对话真题回顾：本题共两段对话，内容涉及日常生活和学术讨论。
答案解析：考生在听力过程中要注意对话双方的语气、态度和观点，以便准确判断答案。
3. 听力篇章真题回顾：本题共三篇文章，内容涉及文化、教育、科技等。
答案解析：考生在听力过程中需关注文章的主题、结构和关键信息，以便准确回答问题。
（二）阅读部分阅读部分共20题，分为词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三部分。
1. 词汇理解真题回顾：本题共10题，要求考生根据文章内容和上下文，选出最佳答案。
答案解析：考生在阅读过程中要注意词汇的搭配、词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。
2. 长篇阅读真题回顾：本题共两篇文章，内容涉及社会、科技、教育等。
答案解析：考生在阅读过程中要注意文章的主题、结构和关键信息，以便准确回答问题。
3. 仔细阅读真题回顾：本题共两篇文章，内容涉及文化、历史、科技等。
答案解析：考生在阅读过程中要注意文章的细节信息，以便准确回答问题。
（三）写作部分真题回顾：本题要求考生撰写一篇关于“如何看待网络购物”的议论文。
答案解析：考生在写作过程中要注意以下几点：（1）明确观点：在文章开头明确表达自己的观点；（2）论据充分：给出至少两个论据来支持自己的观点；（3）逻辑清晰：合理安排文章结构，使文章条理清晰；（4）语言表达：注意语言的准确性和连贯性。
（四）翻译部分真题回顾：本题要求考生将一段关于“中国茶文化”的中文段落翻译成英文。
答案解析：考生在翻译过程中要注意以下几点：（1）理解原文：准确理解原文的意思，把握文章的主题；（2）选词准确：选择合适的词汇表达原文的意思；（3）语法正确：注意语法结构的正确性；（4）表达流畅：使翻译的英文段落通顺、自然。
2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析(卷一)
2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版（卷一）Part I Writing1、【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【答案】What is the most important quality for learning? From my perspective, what we need are motivation and methods.Motivation refers to desire and determination in people to be continually interested in and committed to certain aims. It is an indispensable part of learning. If we want to complete heavy school work, motivation is a necessity. Without motivation, it is hard to overcome difficulties. The inventor of the electric bulb, one of the famous scientists in the world, Thomas Edison, is a good case in point. Before the bulb came into being, he had failed thousands of times. With motivation, he finally lit the whole world.With motivation we also need proper methods to study efficiently. Generally speaking, the more effectively you study, the greater success you will achieve. Method is a great element of learning. Without proper methods, we may go nowhere in our pursuit of success in study.In a word, motivation and methods play a vital role in successful study. The same is true of other aspects of our life, such as friendship, love and career. As the saying goes:" Motivation is what gets you started. Methods are what helps you keep going."[page]PartⅡ Listening Comprehension听力答案：[page]Part Ⅲ Reading Section APasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a _____(27), to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar _____(28)up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been _____(29)by clean-eating experts.But now a _____(30)review and analysis of _____(31)studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化)because it had been _____(32)in with other, more fit-promoting carbohydrates."The study found that pasta didn't 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat," said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. "In _____(33)the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an _____(34)effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern." In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss _____(35)to concerns. Perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy dietThose involved in the _____(36)trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.27、【题干】_____.【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】I28、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】L29、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】B30、【题干】_____. 【选项】B.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】N31、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】G32、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】E33、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】O34、【题干】_____. 【选项】B.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】A35、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】D36、【题干】_____. 【选项】A.adverseB.championedC.clinicalD.contraryE.contributeF.intimateG.lumpedH.magnifiedI.minimumJ.radiatingK.rationL.shootingM.subscribeN.systematicO.weighing【答案】C[page]Part Ⅲ Reading Section BThe Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks[A] Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy's, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores(实体店)seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.[B] But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.[C] More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.[D] So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?[E] Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy's put it recently, "We're frankly scratching our heads."[F] But it's not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-andquickly. The dot corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, on-ventional retailers' confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.[G] It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn't a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.[H] More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple's massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.[I] Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it's also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren't quick, and some haven't really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn't move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn't mean it won't do so over the next few decades.[J] But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn't been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don't need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There's a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.[K] The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there's a better deal online or at another store nearby.[L] So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are having the same problem that newspapers have.Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.[M] A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target, and Nordstrom's dropped. Yet Walmart's year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), "Growth here is too slow." Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn't get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.[N] The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with non-store retailers"1ike food trucks. can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways. but they have chosen not to.[O] Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear any time soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter.37.【题干】Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】M38.【题干】Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】G39.【题干】Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】D40.【题干】Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn't take place as quickly as widely anticipated.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】I41.【题干】Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion's share of the retail business.【选项】A.AB.BD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】C42.【题干】Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】H43.【题干】Brick and mortar retailers' faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LN.NO.O【答案】F44.【题干】Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】O45.【题干】With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】A46.【题干】The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】K[page]Part Ⅲ Reading Section CPassage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passageProfessor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity", and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species."Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history," Hawking said, “which, let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence."While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight thepositives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge," he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization."Huw Price, the centre's academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university's Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn't taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting," she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use."The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.47.【题干】What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?【选项】A.It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.B.It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C.It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D.It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.【答案】B48.【题干】What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?【选项】A.It would accelerate the process of AI research.B.It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C.It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D.It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.【答案】C49.【题干】What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?【选项】A.The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B.The shift of research from theory to implementation.C.The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D.The increasing awareness of mankind's past stupidity.【答案】A50.【题干】What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?【选项】A.It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B.It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C.Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D.Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.【答案】D51.【题干】What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry? 【选项】A.They are much influenced by the academic community.B.They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C.They share the same concerns about AI as academic.D.They believe they can keep AI under human control.【答案】CPassage TwoQuestion 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country's largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup's product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.“It's nothing new, it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes," says Rodriguez.But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong(麻将).Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them something. “I've had more feedback in a passive approach," he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch," all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I'm not selling them something – there'll be more honest feedback from them."Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale's 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.“I have the computer and Face Time, which I talk with my family on," she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do."To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This oneis located in the heart of Southern California's aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought."And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?52.【题干】What does the passage say about the startups?【选项】A.They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.B.They want to have a share of the seniors' goods market.C.They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.D.They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.【答案】B53.【题干】Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to .【选项】A.have an interview with potential customersB.conduct a survey of retirement communitiesC.collect residents' feedback on their productsD.show senior residents how to use IT products【答案】C54.【题干】What do we know about Sentab TV?【选项】A.It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.B.It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C.It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D.It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.【答案】D55.【题干】What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?【选项】A.Winning trust from prospective customers.B.Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C.Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.D.Responding promptly to customer feedback.【答案】A56.【题干】What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?【选项】A.Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.B.They are quite at ease with high-tech products.C.They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D.Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.【答案】BPart IV Translation57、【题干】成语是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。