【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)第21课 翻译难点-- 英语修辞格译法
英语修辞及举例说明【优质PPT】
言语上的反语往往需要配合上下文来理解，它不尽然表达 批评或讽刺，有些时候也能表达赞扬和幽默。
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My love is like a red, red rose2
Metaphor 暗喻
对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不 同的是在形式上，暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系。省掉比喻词。
明喻：Life is like an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .
提喻的本体与喻体之间的关系是局部—全体，具体—抽象 之间的关系，而换喻的本体与喻体之间的关系更为复杂。
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类比 analogy
将两类本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较，
在形式上很像比喻，也用比喻词。常用来阐释复杂的概念。
类比最常见的句型为 A is to B as C is to D
The friendly gardner had a lot of thyme(time) for the woman.
那位和善的园丁留了许多百里香（与“时间”谐音）给那 个女人。
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矛盾修辞法 oxymoron
用两种不调和、甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事 物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以达到修辞效果。它是反 论的一种浓缩形式。
Can enemies become mortal friends ? 敌人能 成为不共戴天的朋友吗？
英汉翻译教案第八章修辞
Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
transferred epithet
•把本来应该用于修饰甲事物的定语移去修饰乙事物。巧妙地运用这种修辞手法能收到出人意料、引人入胜之功效。这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似。
metaphor
•Experience is the mother of wisdom .
•经验是智慧之母。
Allusion
•Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。
Antithesis
•用平行或者对称的结构来表现两种相反的意思，使二者相互衬托、鲜明突出。
•The strong economies have to be kept strong and vigorous at the same time as the weak economies are being strengthened. We can all swim well together, but we can also all sink together.
anastrophe
•改变正常的主、谓、宾的位置，采用倒装结构，借以承接上文、调和韵律、强调语意或是使语言和谐悦耳。这种修辞手法与汉语的倒装相对应。
•Up went the balloon into the cloudless sky.
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第21课
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第21课Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了Why do people think the writer is mad?Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.参考译文飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯。
我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。
机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。
然而去年机场开始使用了。
有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去，我是少数留下来的人中的一个。
有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。
他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走，但我决定留在这儿。
大家都说我肯定是疯了，也许他们说的是对的。
【New words and expressions】（4）mad adj. 发疯的be mad 发疯，发狂（强调状态）go mad 发疯，发狂（强调转变）drive sb mad 逼疯/send sb madbe mad about sth 对…疯狂的，狂热的/be mad on sthbe mad on football 对足球狂热be mad on pop musicbe mad on jazzbe mad about/on sth/be crazy about… 对…着迷go mad 发疯，发狂/go crazy/go insane [in'sein](歌曲“Right Here Waiting”中，”I slowly go insane…”)the insane 精神病人go bananas (sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly. 发疯，发怒，傻里傻气go nuts 发疯nut: (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad person mental patient 精神病患者mental hospital 精神病医院like mad 拼命地，猛烈地，疯狂地reason1) n. 原因reasonable adj. 合情合理的，良好的，尚可的at a reasonable price 以合理的价格eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition. 飞机的状态良好cause 导致某事发生的起因the cause of the fire 大火的起因eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是肺癌的起因之一。
Lecture5修辞与翻译解读
2) I came, I saw, I conquered. 我来了！我看见了！我征服了！ （我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜）
3) We laughed, we sang, we danced. 我们纵情欢笑，我们放声歌唱，我们翩翩 起舞。
1. 明喻 (Simile)
1) 她的脸色苍白而带光泽, 仿佛大理石似 的。 Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble. 2) 刘玉翠回到村里, 就好比是住进了监牢 里. Having returned to the village, Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into the prison.
3. 拟人 (personification)
就是把人以外的无生命之物当作人来描写, 并把它写得既有人的动作1) 群山肃立，江河挥泪，辽阔的祖国大地沉浸在巨大的悲痛 之中。 The mountains are standing in solemn silence; the rivers are shedding bitter tears; our vast motherland is soaked in enormous grief. 2) How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! 时间，这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷，盗窃了我二十又三年
2. 暗喻 (Metaphor )
(完整word版)高级英语课文修辞总结,推荐文档
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课）第一课Face to Face With Hurricane CamilleSimile:1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor :1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)Personification :1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumpedit 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.). Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...…where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.At last this intermezzo came to an end…But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned towater .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in JapanI felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima wasrepeated .(synecdoche)Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question) Lesson 3 BlackmailMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 41) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that.(sarcasm)8) "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below"(antithesis)9) "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world." (hyperbole)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule，simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " (oxymoron )第五课The many metaphors and similes in the essay are largely ap propritately used in describing the ugliness of Westmoreland County.For example, in para. 3 the metaphor of comparing thehouses there to pigs wallowing in the mud~ t he metaphor in the same para. of comparing the patches of paint todried up scales formed by a skin disease~and the simile in para. 2 as shown in the sentence "one blinks ... shot away", the sim ile in the same para.as shown in the sentence "a steel stadi um ~ -- the line", just to mention a few. Hyperboles are profusely usedin the essay. They are mostly very effective inconveying what the author had to say.In para. 1, we read the sentence "Here was wealth ...alley cats", exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole, the boast andpride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen onearthin para. 5 we read "It is as if ... of them", whichimplies exaggeratedly that it is as if some genius ofgreat power, who didn' t like to do the right thingsand who was an inflexible enemy of man, em ployed allthe cleverness and skill of hell to build these uglyhouses;and again in para. 2 there is the sentence "What al lude to " in sight", which suggests an exaggeration that ishard to believe. Not every house could have been thatugly.Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.America laughed with him.Personification:...to literature's enduring gratitude...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligentlyavoided contact with the enemy....men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeLesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmama“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…After I tripped over it two or three times he toldme …(metaphor)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throwsout .(exaggeration)Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)It is like an extended living room. (simile)Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)。
修辞格与翻译PPT课件
❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
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CHENLI
❖(3) as if; as though
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想 要出来。
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❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
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❖The pain of separation ❖The light of learning ❖A vicious circle ❖Room for negotiation ❖An angry sky ❖Graves yawned ❖Killing half-an-hour ❖Shoulder of the hill 山脊 ❖Friendly river ❖Laughing valleys
2
CHENLI
❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific
中级翻译(修辞与翻译)
1. 明喻SIMILE1．定义英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes．Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective …similis,‟ meaning like.”Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。
关于英语Simile，有两点须加以说明：一、Simile(明喻)通常由三部分构成，即本体(tenor或subject)、喻体(vehicle或reference)和比喻词(comparative word或indicator of resemblance)。
可图示如下：Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who arewithout want to get in,↓↓↓(tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle)and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard)二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。
例如：①Peter is as tall as his father.②Peter is as tall as a Maypole.稍加分析可以看出，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。
英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析
英语修辞手法分析大全）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和simile一、明喻（like, as, as if, as though常用比喻词两者都在对比中出现。
喻体之间的相似关系，等，例如：This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 、1 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had 、 passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch 、3 something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙metaphor二、隐喻（事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 、1 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 、2 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻synecdoche三、提喻（指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
例如： 1The Great Wallwas made not only of stones and earth, but ofthe flesh and 、 blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
(完整版)高英第二册期末复习资料吐血整理(2469课修辞句子解释句子翻译课文翻译)
高英第二册复习资料（修辞、句子解释、句子翻译、课文翻译）（2.3.6.9课）I rhetoric devicesLesson2 Marrakech1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—-hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic wordssymbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson3 inaugural address1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson6 loving and hating New York1 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphorLesson9 The loonsSimileGrandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo麦克里奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷峻(Page194 Para12)At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色(Page198 Para39)The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐(Page199 Para48) MetaphorThrough the filigree of the spruce trees 透过一层云杉树叶织成的丝帘(page195 Para17)It seemed to me …daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看来，皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界的小预言家。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总PPT课件
within the circle of adults. Grandmother
Koshak 乞im求plored, "Children, let's sing!"
17. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie
Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him,
8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart
as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification
9. …and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28)
conspicuous.(P16)
•
—Synecdoche（提喻）
6、 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.(P18)
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,”
he said. 封舱
安然度过
大学英语中的修辞手法
大学英语中常见的修辞手法1 明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
例如：Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2 暗喻(the metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。
）(第二册第三单元课文A)Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
英语修辞
4.借代(metonymy)
• 借代反映两个密切相关的事物的现实关系 ，它是借用伴随或附属于某一事物的名称 来代替某事物。
• Every life has its roses and thorns.
• 人生自有甘苦。
Contents II
拟人VS移就
• *The big man crashed down on a protesting chair. • [参考译文] 大个子一屁股坐了下来，椅子 吱吱嘎嘎地作响，好像是在提抗议似的。
• *此句不是拟人，而是移就。
8.移就(transferred epithet)
• 移就是英语中常用的一种修辞格，指的是 甲乙两者相关联，把原用来说明甲的修饰 语转用来修饰与它根本不同属性的乙，其 特点是不直接说明它所修饰对象的性质、 形象或特色，而是与不同属性的词搭配， 使其具备一种字面以外的联想意义。
2.暗喻(metaphor)
• 暗喻是用来表示两种不同事物之间的相似 关系，把一个事物的名称用在另一个事物 名称上。其主要特点是两种事物不用like或 as连接。
• All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players. (William Shakespeare)
5.双关(pun)
• 双关语简单说来，就是play on words即一种 文字游戏，其特点是有意识地将同音异义 词，或一词多义的现象运用到句子中，利 用这些词或句子间相互的逻辑关系，来表 达两层不同的含义，借以使语言诙谐幽默， 生动有趣，读来令人感到新奇，意趣盎然。
双关(pun)
双学位翻译——修辞
1) “I won’t have Ralph upset. After all,” she grinned, “a husband in hand is worth two in the bush.” “我不让拉尔夫感到烦恼，不管怎么样，”她露齿笑道： “身边有 一个丈夫总比几个飘渺不定的情夫要好。” (A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不 如一鸟在手。) 2) He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine. 他打算今天下午找个机会和艾琳谈谈，关键时刻的一句 话可以省去将来许多口舌。(A stitch in time saves nine缝。)
3) Living in the western part of the country has its problems, of which obtaining fresh water is not the least. 居住在这个国家的西部有它自己的问题，其中获得淡水 可不是个小问题。（用否定的形式间接表达肯定的语 气。） 3. Transferred epithet （移就）：指将只适用于描写 某一 事物的词语用在描写其他事物上，从逻辑角度来看 似乎有些不合常理，但在特定的语言环境中却可以收到 意想不到的效果。这种方法摒弃了常规的搭配模式，言 简意 赅，令人耳目一新。如：
英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下:1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
第22课翻译难点--英语修辞格译法（2）
D. 归化 有些英语的修辞格译成汉语时，可以换⽤符合汉语习惯的其他辞格或是改变原⽂中⽐喻形象，使译⽂在思想上忠实于原作、风格和神韵上尽量求得与原⽂相接近的效果。
例如： （1） He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie". 他如此唠叨，同伴们给他起了个"⿇雀"的外号。
（汉语中"喜鹊"喻义喜事、吉利、运⽓，⽽英语中喻义却是唠叨、饶⾆，于是取汉语中联想效果对应的⽐喻） （2） "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety. "别害怕，你们这些胆⼩如⿏的东西！"只听得她⽤戏谑的⼝⽓说道。
（英语中鸡是懦弱、胆怯的代名词，汉语中的鸡却⽆法引起⼈们这种联想，于是换成⽼⿏形象。
） （3）It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遗憾的是，我们当时的呼吁⽯沉⼤海。
（4） And I suppose she'll tell all the boys, the old cat. 我猜想她会告诉所有的男⼈，这个长⾆的⽼太婆！（英语中猫常⽤来⽐喻恶毒的⼥⼈） （5） Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.他在书房⾥⾛过来⼜⾛过去，⾛过来⼜⾛过去。
（英语anastrophe——汉语顺成结构） （6）In the past 12 months the word has watched with disbelief and dismay the acceleration of force and violence in the region.过去的⼗⼆个⽉⾥，全世界惊愕莫名地和难以置信地看到了这个地区正在加速使⽤武⼒和暴⼒。
高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结张汉熙
高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结张汉熙第一篇：高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结张汉熙Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.1)Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2)It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)----------P2,L1.3)The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14)Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while…(Personification)------P3, L1.5)It is a vast, somber cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud brick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L1 6)There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.(synecdoche)------P15,L27)“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”.(Anticlimax)----P15, L2.8)But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water.I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9)Acre by acre, the rainforest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.(alliteration)-----P30,L310)According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard.(metonymy)----P31,L3.11)What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.12)Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.(Exaggeration)----P58, L4.14)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.(Exaggeration)15)After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.16)“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing.(Ironic)—P62,L4.17)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink inthe wood.(metaphor)----P62,L4.18)“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird.“can I have these old quilts?”(Simile)---P63, L4.19)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)20)Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)21)If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.22)But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile) 24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.26)We will never parley;we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, and we shall fight him in the air.(Parallelism)27)Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enorm ously expanded productivity.(Metonymy)英语中有19种修辞手法，它们分别是：Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻、Metonymy 借喻，转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia通感，联觉，移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比，平行、Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻，比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron反意法，逆喻、Climax 渐进法，层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。
第二节 常见修辞格的翻译
第二节常见修辞格的翻译一、比喻比喻(Figure of speech)无处不在，为各语言文化所共有。
据《现代汉语词典》，比喻指”用某些有类似点的事物来比拟想要说的某一事物，以便表达得更加生动鲜明”(1999：66)。
比喻有四个要素：本体(tenor，被比喻的事物)，喻体(vehicle，作比喻的事物)，比喻词(comparative word / indicator of resemblance，标明比喻的词)和相似点(point of resemblance，本体和喻体共有的特点)。
汉语的比喻分为明喻、暗喻和借喻，英语中与之对应的分别是simile、metaphor 和metonymy。
这里主要讨论明喻和暗喻的翻译。
汉语的明喻与英语的simile 非常相似，比喻的四要素必须俱全，比喻词汉语主要有”像”、”似”、”仿佛”等，英语主要是like、as、as if / as though。
明喻相对说来比较容易翻译，一般采用直译，但有一种特殊的英语simile，即不用比喻词like和as而用what、than和and的simile的翻译要特别注意，下面略举几例。
(1) Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. ( Sir Richard Steel)阅读之于思想，如同锻炼之于身体。
(2) A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.没有爱的家庭无异于没有灵魂的身体。
(3) Truth and roses have thorns about them.真理如玫瑰，全身都带刺。
汉语的暗喻和英语的metaphor，使用频率很高，但比明喻更难理解和翻译。
暗喻的特点是不用比喻词，且有时只出现本体，这就使得比喻和被比喻的事物不能一目了然。
就暗喻的类型而言，英汉语有相同之点，也有不同之处。
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——教学资料参考参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)第21课翻译难点--
英语修辞格译法
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一、什么是修辞格
修辞格（figures of speech）是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
（一）音韵修辞格（phonological rhetorical devices）
顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和
assonance.Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。
如：Presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声（汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格）相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同）非常相似。
例如：
（1）Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration）皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。