气道异物梗阻护理查房
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护理评估 Nursing Assessment 1、身体评估(护理体检) Body evaluation care (medical)
2、实验室及其它检查 Lab and other inspection
护理诊断
气体交换 受损
与气道异物引 发呼吸困难、 窒息有关。
急性意识 障碍
与脑组织缺氧 、脑功能受损 有关。
N1u1 rsing diagnosis
1、Impaired gas exchange:Associated with airway foreign body causing difficulty in breathing, suffocation. 2、Acute confusion:Related to brain tissue hypoxia, impaired brain function. 3、Risk for infection:Related to long-term lie in bed, lung sputum not easy eduction.
临床表现
表现为吸气性呼吸困难,出现“四凹征” (胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋间隙及剑突 下软组织)。气道阻塞可分为两类:
(1)气道v”不形完手全势阻塞:患者张口瞪目, 有咳嗽、颜喘面气青或紫咳嗽微弱无力,呼吸困
难烦躁不安。皮肤、黏膜、甲床、面色
青紫、发不绀能。发声
(2)气道肢完体全抽阻搐塞:面色灰暗青紫,不
有感染的 危险
与长期卧床 ,肺部痰液 不易排出有 关。
护理目标 Nursing Goals
患者呼吸 平稳、气道保持通畅。 Patients breathe smoothly and
keep unobstructed airway.
护理措施 Nursing management
①迅速解除窒息因素,保持呼吸道通畅; ②给与高流量吸氧; ③保证静脉通路通畅,遵医嘱给予药物治疗; ④监测生命体征; ⑤备好抢救物品。
promote the excretion of sputum; (3) strict aseptic operation, be in sputum
suction.
评价 Evaluation
1、患者呼吸通畅,未出现呼吸困难征象; 2、患者意识障碍程度减轻; 3、患者未出现发热等肺部感染的征象。
1, the patient breathe unobstructed, does not appear dyspnea signs; 2 disturbance of consciousness, patients with ease; 3, does not appear in patients with fever and other signs of lung infection
2005.3.15消费者权益保 护日这天,一场悲剧降临 到可爱的小若宁身上,年 仅1岁零7个月、因吸食果 冻窒息死亡。
男, 4岁,
2005.2江苏南京一名4岁 男孩不慎被果冻窒息死亡
主要内容(Main Contents
1
)
病史回顾
The history review
2 幻
疾病知识介绍
D灯isease knowledge introduction
讨 论Discussion
总结Summary
11 Medical history
Bed no:21 Name:LiuMing
Sex:male
Age:76
Admission time : On November 10, 2014 at 19:00.
The main description: Eating in a sudden, a lot of unconsciousness for 10 minutes.
护理措施 Nursing management
①密切监测体温情况; ②定时协助患者翻身拍背,促进痰液的排出; ③严格执行无菌操作,及时予以吸痰;
(1)close monitoring of temperature; (2) to assist patients turn back regularly, to
BP: 100/64 mmHg.
11Define and cause
Definition: asphyxia is refers to the air into the lungs caused by blocked or inhaled air oxygen breathing stops or failure.
能说话及呼吸,很快失去知觉,陷入呼 吸停止状态。
特殊体征
救治原则(Treatment doctrine)
保持气道通畅是关键, 其次是采取病因治疗。 To keep airway unobstructed is the key, the second is to adopt etiological treatment.
②生活护理:给予高蛋白、高维生素清淡饮食 ,遵医嘱予以胃管鼻饲。每2小时协助变换 体位,预防压疮的发生,做好口腔护理和大 小便的护理;
③密切监测意识和瞳孔并详细记录,使用脱水 降颅压药物时注意监测尿量与水、电解质的 变化。
护理目标 Nursing Goals
患者生命体征平稳,无肺部感 染的发生。
In patients with stable vital signs, without the occurrence of lung infection.
(1) rapidly relieve suffocation factors, keep respiratory tract unobstructed; (2) provide high flow oxygen; (3) ensure venous channel unobstructed, prescribed for drug treatment; (4) monitoring vital signs; 5. Save items ready.
11病史回顾 Medical history 临床诊断:1、窒息;
2、脑功能损伤。 Clinical diagnosis:1.Asphyxia
2.Brain damage
定义和病因
定义:窒息是指气流进入肺脏受阻或吸
入气缺氧导致的呼吸停止或衰竭。
老年人因咳 嗽吞咽功能差
年龄因素
病因
酗酒
医源性异物
饮食不慎 全麻或昏迷者
问题
1
你被噎到过吗?
2 百度文库当时的感受怎样?
3 你看到别人噎到吗?
4 你是如何帮助她/他的?
典型案例
2003年12月9日 柯受良(台湾知名影视艺
人,首创驾车飞越黄河) 有知情人士透露,柯受良 当晚是因饮酒过量,发生呕 吐,因呕吐物阻塞气管导致 窒息,凌晨猝死于上海一宾 馆里,时年50岁。
典型案例
小若宁
Pathogensis: Age、Excessive drinking、 Careless diet、 Impaired swallowing and so on.
Clin11ical Manifestation
Of inspiratory dyspnea, appear "four concave" (sternal elevation nest, supraclavicular fossa, rib gap and xiphoid process under the soft tissue). Airway obstruction can be divided into two categories: (1) incomplete airway obstruction: patients with open mouth stare, cough, weakness of breath or cough, dyspnea fidgety. Skin, mucous membrane, nail bed, was blue, cyanosis (2) the airway obstruction: completely complexion dark purple, unable to speak and breathing, loss of consciousness, quickly fall into a state to stop breathing
片3
护理程序
9
Nursing
4 pro健ce康ss指导
Health guidance
5
讨论
Discussion
11
病史回顾
患者床号:21床 姓 名:刘明
性 别:男
年 龄:76岁
入院时间:2014年11月10日19时10分
主 诉:进食中突发哽噎,出现意识不 清10分钟。
11
病史回顾
简要病史:患者1年前患脑埂塞,经住院治疗 好转出院(具体诊治不祥)。出院后因右侧肢体 活动不灵长期卧床,进食、喝水易发生呛咳。于 今日下午晚饭进食间突发哽噎,继而呼吸困难、 意识障碍,后急呼“120”送入我科。入院查体: 患者意识丧失,呼之不应,表情痛苦,面唇紫绀, 呼吸停止。双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径4.5: 4.5mm,对光反射减弱;颈软,无抵抗。脉搏微 弱不可及。气管居中,呼吸音消失,心音消失。 腹平、软。四肢软瘫。测P:50次/分,BP: 100/64mmHg。 抢救:立即予以卧位腹部冲击法取出气道梗阻 异物,行CPR,准备抢救用物,遵医嘱予以吸氧、 监护、开通静脉、运用呼吸兴奋剂等,经上述抢 救后患者心跳及自主呼吸恢复,面色变红润,但
健康指导
1.疾病预防指导 ①选择合适的食物, 对老年患者特别 脑梗后容易发生呛咳和吞咽困难者, 食物以半流质为宜,如粥、蛋羹、菜 泥、面糊等。避免容易引起呛咳的汤、 水食物及容易2引.起疾吞病咽知困识难指的导干食向,患者家属讲解 避免进食黏性窒较息大发的生年的糕原等因食、物发,展水与治疗及其 分给的予摄,入以应减尽少预异量误后物混吸,梗在的教阻半可会时流能家,汁。属如的及何食身应物边用中的He人im当li气ch道手 ②采取科学的法进自食救体。位 一般采取坐 位或半卧位,卧床的病人应抬高床头 30°~ 40°,以利于吞咽动作,减 少误吸机会。
护理目标 Nursing Goals
患者意识障碍程度无加重。
Patients with disturbance of consciousness degree aggravating.
护理措施 Nursing management
①休息与安全:保持病房环境安静、安全,限 制探视,运用保护性床栏;
11 Medical history
A brief history: Patients suffering from brain insuperior to plug
a year ago, were hospitalized with improved (specific diagnosis and ominous). After discharge because of the right limbs activity is ineffective in bed for a long time, eat, drink water prone to choke to cough. This afternoon eating dinner between breaking a lot, and difficulty breathing, disturbance of consciousness, nasty shout after "120" into our department. Hospital physical examination: patients with loss of consciousness, should not be, look, lip purple purple, breathing stops. Bilateral pupil etc. Large such as round, diameter 4.5:4.5 mm, light reflex; Neck soft, without resistance. Pulse is weak. Tracheal middle and breath sounds disappeared, heart sounds. The abdomen flat, soft. Limb palsy. P: 50 times/min,