第2部分第7讲名词性从句
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第七讲 名词性从句
名词性从句是高考的必考点, 它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
语法填空题和短文改错题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上, 其中连接代词that 与what, if 与whether 是考查的重点。
考点一 主语从句
(一)主语从句的引导词
helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
◆(2015·北京高考单项填空)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
◆(2015·江苏高考单项填空)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won ’t accept it.
李白, 中国伟大的诗人, 出生的地方人人皆知, 但是有些人对此并不接受。
(1)that 引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时, 常用whether 引导, 而不用if 。
(二)形式主语
it 作形式主语常见的句型:
(1)It +be +形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain 等)+that 从句
(2)It +be +名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等)+that 从句
(3)It +be +过去分词(said/told/reported 等)+that 从句
(4)It +不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter 等)+that 从句
◆(2016·江苏高考单项填空)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切皆有可能。
◆(陕西高考)It is uncertain that what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
(1)当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时,用if或whether引导均可,但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时,只能用whether。
(2)在“ It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/demanded+that从句”结构中,that从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
【即时训练】——单句语法填空
1.(天津高考)I think ____________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
答案:what
2.____________it will rain tomorrow is not known.
答案:Whether
3.(2017·江西四校联考)____________ he misunderstood my position on the question is obvious from his remark.
答案:That
考点二宾语从句
(一)宾语从句的引导词
我确信美丽源自内在。
◆(2015·陕西高考)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
读她的传记,我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。
◆(福建高考)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.
振作起来。勇敢就是做你害怕做的事情。
(1)that引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略:①动词后跟有多个that 引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可省略,其余的不可省略;②宾语从句前有插入语时;
③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语。并且在介词后的宾语从句,连接词表示“是否”时,只用whether, 不用if。
(3)在doubt引导的宾语从句中,若主句为肯定句,宾语从句的连接词用whether/if, 若主句为否定句或疑问句,宾语从句的连接词用that。
(4)宾语从句的时态:一般情况下,宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致,即当主句是一般现在时时,从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态;当主句为过去的某种时态时,从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时,须用一般现在时。
(二)形式宾语
宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/宾语从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+宾语从句
(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on+it+宾语从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that+宾语从句
◆You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
你可以相信我一定会随时帮助你。
◆I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
◆He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
【即时训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(山东高考)It is difficult for us to imagine ____________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
答案:what