《英美概况》练习题

英美概况练习题I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. ElbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa s ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, AgincourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labor shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. District courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England / Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy61. The longest war that the United States has fought is _____.A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War62. After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the United States and _____ signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.A. South VietnamB. North VietnamC. ChinaD. Vietnam63. President Kennedy inspired many to work to wipe out poverty and to end segregation and voting rights abuses. His Program was called _____.A. the New FreedomB. the New DealC. the New RightD. the New Frontier64. _____, which was passed by Congress in the spring of 1940, made it unlawful for any group to advocate or teach the violent overthrow of government in the United States.A. The Civil Rights ActB. The War Power ActC. The Smith ActD. The Marshall Plan65. It was this trend of conservatism that brought _____ into the White House.A. KennedyB. JohnsonC. NixonD. Reagan66. The second busiest port in the United States is _____.A. New YorkB. HoustonC. Los AngelesD. New Orleans67. In the postwar years government involvement was emphasized when the U.S. adopted ____ theory in running the economy.A. monetaristB. KeynesianC. McCarthismD. New Freedom68. _____ is the country’s leading state in oil and natural gas deposit.A. AlabamaB. VirginalC. TexasD. Georgia69. _____ is the Pacific Coast’s largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the U.S.70. Among the following, _____ is not within the power of the U.S. President.A. He can veto laws passed by the CongressB. He appoints federal court judgesC. He is the head of the executive branch of governmentD. He is responsible for the interpretation of the Constitution.71. The “winter-take-all” system applies in all states except _____.A. Rhode IslandB. MaineC. GeorgiaD. Hawaii72. In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendments must have the approval of _____ of the states before they enter into force.A. one-secondB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. all73. After the 1828 election of _____, the Democratic-Republican Party split.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Andrew JacksonC. Franklin RooseveltD. Abraham Lincoln74. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _____.A. teachingB. researchC. public serviceD. individual service75. What are the focuses of reform happened in the mid-1980s?A. the rising of the standards of teaching and learningB. the raising of the standards of teaching and learningC. eliminating drugs and violence from schoolD. both A and BII. Filling in the blanks:1.The ancestors of the English were ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.2.In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Amongthem, the _____ gave their name to English people.3.In the 8th century, the _____ began to attack the English coasts. Under the leadership of King________ the West Saxons offered resistance.4.The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.5.Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.6.The Great Charter was established at restricting the power of the ________.7.______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.8.James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.9.During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.10.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.11.The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The formerwere the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.12.In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied totextile and other machinery.13.The British Empire began with the founding of ________ in 1583, and fell after the end of________________.14.In the first Civil War, the king’s men were called ______and the supporters of parliament werecalled ________.15.After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became th e “______” of the world.16.During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.17.The largest immigration movement did not take place until _______.18._________ is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the American War ofIndependence.19.The Union Army defeated the Confederate army at ______, Pennsylvania and it was the turningpoint of the Civil War.20.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.21.The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _____ and 1814.22.______, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December, 1865.23.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _____ colonies along the east coast of NorthAmerica.24.The name of American Indian was given by _______.25.________ was the magic word that drew people to America.26.In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was _______.27._______ and his Model T helped the Unites States to move on the way to becoming a nation onwheels.28.At the beginning of the Great Depression, the first blow to the stock market came on October 24,1929, called ______.29.During the First World War the U.S. pursued a policy of _____.30.The Japanese attacked __________________ in Hawaii on December 7th , 1941.III. Rearrangement of the following historical events in the order in which they took place:A. 1. ________ a. Norman Conquest2. _________ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. _________ c. the birth of Parliament4. _________ d. Roman Conquest5. _________ e. Danish InvasionB. 1. ________ a. the outbreak of the Wars of the roses2. ________ b. the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War3. ________ c. the Black Death4. ________ d. the “glorious revolution”5. ________ e. the execution of Charles I6. ________ f. the restoration of Charles IIIV. Translation of the following terms.1.the Hadrian’s Wall:2.Alfred the Great3.William the Conqueror4.the battle of Hastings5.the Great Charter6.the Hundred Years’ War7.Joan of Arc8.the Black Death9.the Wars of Roses10.Bloody Mary11.Elizabeth I12.Oliver Cromwell13.Whigs and Tories14.James Watt15.Winston Churchill16.the Emancipation Proclamation17.the Truman Doctrine:18.the Marshall PlanV. Answering the following questions briefly1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?2.What are the other names?3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?6.What’s the national anthem?7.What’s its national flower?8.What’s its national flag?9.What’s its nickname?10.How many countries are there in the British Commonwealth?11.What is the important river in Britain?12.What kind of country is Britain?13.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?14.What’s the climate like in Britain?15.Why do British people talk about weather very often?16.What are the symbols of England?17.Can you say some of the landmarks of London?18.What are the symbols of Scotland?19.Talk about some of the famous people in different parts of Britain.20.What is the character of the British people?21.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welsh and Irish?22.How many stages is British history divided into during the origins of the nation? How long isit?23.What are the stages?24.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.25.Christianity was first brought to England by ________.26.What is the unit of currency in the U.K.?27.Which bank is Britain’s central bank?28.Why does London make a top financial center in the world?29.Which area is the major producer of Britain’s microchips? the three big companies in Britain’s energy sector.31.Which is the world’s largest mining company?32.Who made measures to improve the British economy in the 1980’s? What is the nickname forher?33.What kind of measures did Mrs. Thatcher take? the countries of G7 .35.What was the British economy like before the 1880’s?36.What is the basis of the British government?37.Who is the head of the country?38.Who is the present sovereign of the UK?39.How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?40.What is the official title for the president of the House of Lords?41.What are the two major parties in the U.K. now?42.Who presides over the cabinet?43.Who has the real power in the country?44.Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?45.Where does the Prime Minister live and work?46.What are the sources of the laws in the United kingdom?47.The United Kingdom legislation is divided into three states. What are they?48.In England and Wales, what does the Crown Prosecution Service do?49.If the accused is acquitted, can he or she be charged with the specific crime again?50.Who decides the issue of guilt or innocence in criminal trial with a jury?51.What kind of people make up the jury? And how many?52.How many criminal courts are there in England and Wales? And What are they?53.What are the three criminal courts in Scotland?54.Is there a ministry of justice in the United Kingdom? Who is responsible for that?55.Who controls London Metropolitan’s Police force?KeysI. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D49. C 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1.. Anglo-Saxons, Celts2. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles3. Danes, Alfred4. Hastings5. feudal6. King7. Black Death, two8. the Divine Right of Kings9. the king, the Parliament 10. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 11. Whigs, Tories, Liberal, Conservative12. James Watt steam engine 13. Newfoundland, World War II 14. Cavaliers, Roundheads 15. workshop 16. Winston Churchill 17. 1815 18. The Declaration of Independence 19. Gettysburg 20. Mayflower 21. 1812 22. The Thirteenth Amendment 23. 13 24.Chirstopher Columbus 25. Opportunity 26. isolationist 27. Henry Ford 28. the black Thursday 29. pro-Ally partiality 30. Pearl HarborIII. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place:A. 1. d 2. b 3. e 4. a 5. cB. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. e 5.b 6.fIV. Explain the following terms.1.the Hadrian’s Wall:哈德良城墙It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2.Alfred the Great阿尔弗雷德大帝Alfred was a strong Saxon king who defeated the Danes and made a peace treaty with them. He was also known as“ the father of the British navy”.3.William the Conqueror统治者威廉William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated King Harold.Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4.the battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5.the Great Charter大宪章King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as the Great Charter. Its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.6.the Hund red Years’ War百年大战It refers to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. The result of the war was that the English lost all the territories they had gained except the French port of Calais. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.7.Joan of Arc圣女贞德Joan of Arc was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.8.the Black Death黑死病It was the deadly plague which spread through Europe in the 14th century. It killed almost half of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.9.the Wars of Roses玫瑰战争The war of roses refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism was greatly weakened. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.10.Bloody Mary血腥的玛丽Henry VIII’s daughter and a devoted Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”.11.Elizabeth I伊丽莎白一世One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.12.Oliver Cromwell奥利弗·克伦威尔The leader during the Civil War who defeated the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector.13.Whigs and Tories辉格党和托利党Whigs and Tories refer to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.14.James Watt詹姆斯·瓦特The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine that could be applied to textile and other machinery.15.Winston Churchill温斯顿·邱吉尔Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945.16.the Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.17.the Truman Doctrine杜鲁门主义On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.18.the Marshall Plan马歇尔计划On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.V. Answers:1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.its short term :UK: the United Kingdom (大不列颠)联合王国Great Britain (大不列颠，英国）,its short term: G.B. GB Britain(不列颠, 英国) England英格兰(the main part of Britain), 英国the British Empire大英帝国(a historical term) the British Commonwealth英联邦,3.Great Britain and Ireland4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales andNorthern Ireland5.England:London Scotland: Edinburgh Wales：Cardiff Northern Ireland: Belfast.6.God Save the Queen/King7.Rose8.the Union Jack9.John Bull. A personification of the British nation or a typical British man10.53 member countries11.The Thames River12.A land country13.It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest ofEurope by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.14.and 15. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.16.Policeman, Royal Coat of Arms皇家徽章, Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard DoubleDecker Bus, Union Flag17.Big Ben, Tower of London, London Eye, Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, TowerBridge18.Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan (Kilt), Whiskey, Bagpipe , golf19.William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Robert Burns, Catherine Zeta-Jones ,William ButlerYeats, Seamus Heaney20.The British are said to be reserved /conservative in manners, dress and speech. They are famousfor their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour. Basic politeness (please, thank you, excuse me) is often heard.21.The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxons while the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh andthe Irish are Celts22. 5 stages.23.I. Prehistoric Britain BC indicates the early settlers of Britain---the IberiansII. Roman Britain 43 ADIII. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V.Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 1066 This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That is, from 5000 BC to 1066 AD.24.Iberians25.Romans26.the pound sterling英币1镑27.the bank of England28.It has the greatest concentration of foreign banks, accounting for 26% all international bank-loans,。