中医英语课后答案1~21课 李照国
《黄帝内经》四个英译本的对比研究
《黄帝内经》四个英译本的对比研究摘要目的：通过对广西中医药大学短期留学生《黄帝内经》阅读理解情况的调查问卷，为判定最受留学生满意的莫译本提供客观依据。
方法：通过自行设计的调查问卷，对2011年4月至2012年3月来广西中医药大学学习中医的短期留学生进行随机调查。
结果：综合整理10个例句30份问卷的1200个答案，统计得出外国读者最为满意Maoshing Ni版的英译本。
结论：以翻译目的论为导向，针对目标语文化和目标读者。
采取适当的翻译方法和策略，能够达到很好的对外交流目的。
关键词《黄帝内经》；英译本；调查问卷；目的论中医有着3000多年的历史，《黄帝内经》是中医学的奠基之作，也是中国古代最重要的典籍，被誉为中医之“圣经”。
这部典籍具有极高的学术研究价值及临床治疗的指导意义，也是海内外中医药学者学习中国医学史的重要著作。
随着中医学习在海外的人数的增多，包括《黄帝内经》在内的许多中医典籍也受到了国内外许多专家学者的重视。
书籍是文化的载体，《黄帝内经》是中医药理论和文化的载体，它的英译本在传播医学和文化的同时，也在让世界更好的了解中国。
本文借助调查问卷，对四个《黄帝内经》英译本的满意度进行量化分析和译例分析，探讨四个译本的不同翻译风格，为中医典籍英译提供一定的借鉴作用。
一、《黄帝内经》及英译现状《黄帝内经》包括《素问》和《灵枢》两部分，各9卷81篇，共由162篇文章组成。
它并非出自一人一时之手，书名冠以黄帝，以显崇古，以增权威。
据考证，《黄帝内经》的成书年代大致在春秋（公元前770年-公元前476年）和战国（公元前475年-公元前221年）之间，也就是公元前531年后的200～300年间，其中某些篇章有可能上溯到商代（公元前1600年-公元前1046年）。
它与《难经》《伤寒论》和《神农本草经》并称为中医四大经典，以丰富的理论知识和实践经验对现代中医起着巨大的指导作用，具有很高的研究价值。
《黄帝内经》早在汉代（前202年-公元220年）就已传入日本、越南等邻国，为其医药与科技的发展提供了基础。
中医英语课后句子翻译1-15课
Lesson 11. 中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结TCM has a history of thousand of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系。
TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学。
TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of disease.4. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Internal Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.5. 《难经》在许多方面，尤其是在脉学上，补充了《皇帝内经》的不足。
Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Medicine in many respects,especially in pulse lore.6. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。
Discussion on the causes and symptom of various diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptom ofdiseases in china.7. 阳常有余，阴常不足。
中医专业英语第九版课后答案
中医专业英语第九版课后答案1、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel2、_______, Mr. Smith. [单选题] *A. Here your tea isB. Here is your tea(正确答案)C. Here your tea areD. Here are your tea3、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have4、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to5、You can distinguish the twins very easily, _____Tom is quite while Jack is active. [单选题] *A. soB. butC. for(正确答案)D. and6、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When7、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get8、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known9、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom10、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect11、99．—Would you please show me the way _________ the bank?—Yes, go straight ahead. It’s opposite a school. [单选题] *A．inB．forC．withD．to(正确答案)12、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made13、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend14、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)15、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody16、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself17、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of18、She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. [单选题] *A. which(正确答案)B. whoC.itD. that19、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long20、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)21、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off22、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)23、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *A. schedule(正确答案)B. schoolC. menuD. subject24、He _______ maths. [单选题] *A. does well in(正确答案)B. good atC. is well inD. does well at25、What’s your _______ for the coming new year? [单选题] *A. playB. plantC. plan(正确答案)D. plans26、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a27、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that28、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance29、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful30、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into。
中医英语参考答案
中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和深厚的理论基础。
随着全球化的进程，中医在国际间的交流与合作越来越频繁。
因此，学习中医英语成为了中医学生和从业者的必备技能之一。
下面将为大家提供一些中医英语的参考答案，帮助大家更好地掌握和运用中医英语。
一、中医基础知识1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM, is a holistic medical system that originated in ancient China. It encompasses various therapies, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy, to restore balance and promote health.2. What are the key principles of TCM?TCM is based on the principles of Yin and Yang, Qi (vital energy), and the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water). It emphasizes the balance between these elements and the free flow of Qi in the body for optimal health.3. What is acupuncture?Acupuncture is a technique in which thin needles are inserted into specific points on the body to stimulate and regulate the flow of Qi. It is used to treat various conditions, including pain, digestive disorders, and stress-related issues.4. What are the common herbal medicines used in TCM?TCM utilizes a wide range of herbal medicines, such as ginseng, astragalus, andlicorice root. These herbs are often combined into formulas tailored to individual patients' needs.二、中医疾病诊断与治疗1. How does TCM diagnose diseases?TCM diagnosis involves observing the patient's appearance, listening to their voice and smelling their odor, asking about their medical history and symptoms, and feeling their pulse and examining their tongue. These methods help identify patterns of disharmony and guide treatment.2. What are the treatment methods in TCM?TCM treatment methods include acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, moxibustion (the burning of dried herbs on or near the skin), and Tui Na (Chinese therapeutic massage). These therapies aim to restore balance and promote the body's self-healing abilities.3. Can TCM be used alongside Western medicine?Yes, TCM can be used alongside Western medicine. In fact, an integrated approach that combines the strengths of both systems is often recommended for optimal patient care. It is important for healthcare professionals to communicate and collaborate to ensure the best outcomes for patients.三、中医养生与预防1. What are some common TCM practices for health maintenance?TCM emphasizes the importance of a balanced lifestyle, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and proper rest. Practices such as Qigongand Tai Chi are also popular for promoting overall well-being.2. How can TCM help prevent diseases?TCM believes in the concept of "prevention is better than cure." By maintaining a balanced state of Yin and Yang and ensuring the smooth flow of Qi, TCM aims to prevent the onset of diseases. This can be achieved through lifestyle adjustments, herbal remedies, and regular TCM consultations.四、中医文化与国际交流1. How is TCM being promoted internationally?TCM has gained recognition and popularity worldwide. China has been actively promoting TCM through international conferences, cultural exchanges, and collaborations with foreign institutions. TCM clinics and schools have also been established in many countries to provide access to TCM services and education.2. What are the challenges faced by TCM in international settings?One of the challenges faced by TCM in international settings is the need for standardization and regulation. As TCM becomes more widely practiced, there is a growing demand for quality control and evidence-based research to ensure safety and efficacy.总结：中医英语作为一门专业术语丰富且独特的语言，对于学习和实践中医的人来说至关重要。
《中医专业英语》1-10练习答案
Unit oneA 22-year-old male: Last night the pain was colicky in nature, periumbilical, and rather sporadic. The patient had about five episodes of nausea and vomiting associated with this pain last night. He has been anorectic, has had no bowel movements for two days, and has had no episodes of diarrhea. The pain has since migrated to the right lower quadrant and is steady in nature. He has had a temperature of 100 since yesterday. His blood pressure is 110/82. There have been no episodes of coughing with expectoration, shortness of breath, or burning in the epigastrium. The pertinent physical findings are related to the abdomen. His chest is clear. The patient was lying still in bed, trying to avoid movement as much as possible. There is extreme tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and there was no tenderness on rectal examination. Bowel sounds are markedly decreased.Unit 2Outpatient Clinic Medical Records (9parts):Sample:Name: Wang PingSex: maleAge: 12Clinic Record Number: 0001Date: Mar.27th, 2001Chief complaint:aversion to cold, fever, body ache, a sore throat, a stuffy and running nose. All the symptoms have continued for two days since the day before yesterday.Case history: The boy said that he felt aversion to cold and had a fever due to the sudden coldness on Mar, 25th. Then he had an ache all over and a sore throat, he had a stuffy and running nose. His cough was persistent and nonproductive. He was in good health previously.Examinations and investigations:His temperature is 38.4o C. He has a hyperaemia pharynx [ ♒♋✋☐☜♊❒♓❍✋☜]充血[ ♐✌❒✋☠♦]咽. His lung's respiratory sound becomes louder, but has no dry rale. He has a red tongue with slight yellow coating. His pulse is floating and rapid.Syndrome differentiation and diagnosis:common cold due to wind hot evil attacking the lungsMethod of treatment:clearing away heat, scattering wind, dispersing lung qi and removing exterior evilRecipe:Sang Ju Decoction (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Granule (Beverage)Order: 1) Take the decoction once a day.2) Have a good rest.3) Avoid eating pungent food.UnitFour10. 中药疗效高，大都无毒性，无副作用，是治病强身的良药。
中医英语课后答案5-6课李照国.doc
中医英语课后答案5-6课李照国第五课一.术语翻译1. 藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2. 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3. 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs水谷精微nutrients of water and food传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food 贮藏精气storing essence表里关系internal and external relationship治疗效应therapeutic effects临床实践clinical practice藏而不泻storage without discharge泻而不藏discharge without storage形体诸窍physical build and various orifices开窍(of five zang-organs) open into精神情志spirit and emotions心藏神the heart storing spirit肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness肾藏志the kidney storing will其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二.句子翻译1. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。
The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。
中医英语基础教程课后习题
中医英语基础教程课后习题English Translation of TCM Medical Terms Unit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices 14. generated/ being generated generating/to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought ofa s the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fire8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome13.reducing method for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess 16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth isa therapeutic method used to warmkidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.19.enriching earth to control water20.supporting metal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang(BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV32.To have an interior-exteriorrelationship33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang35.the passage for pathogen transmission36.transmitting needling sensation37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions38.meridian tropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestations2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs3.the heart， the liver， the spleen ，the lung， the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to giveoutward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A) 1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected on4.The heart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with theeyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B) 1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang andFu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbid Unit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrain17.sexual overstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retention21.impeded flow of blood22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess anddeficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qi Unit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiation23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of disease Unit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to nature3.harmony between man and nature4.adaptation to seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring14.five emotions15. health and longevity16.holism17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ； dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administration4.the functions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ； gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。
中医英语参考答案
中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医学作为中国传统医学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的理论体系。
随着全球化的发展，越来越多的人对中医学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
然而，由于中医学的特殊性质，其中的术语和概念对于非中文母语的人来说可能会有一定的难度。
因此，有一套完整的中医英语参考答案对于促进中医学的国际传播和交流具有重要意义。
首先，中医英语参考答案应该包括对中医学的基本概念和原理的解释。
例如，中医学认为人体是一个有机整体，强调人与自然环境的相互关系。
这一概念可以用"holistic approach"来表达。
此外，中医学强调平衡和调节，认为健康是由于阴阳平衡的失调而引起的。
这一概念可以用"balance"或"harmony"来表达。
通过对这些基本概念的解释，使得非中文母语的人能够更好地理解中医学的核心理念。
其次，中医英语参考答案还应该包括对中医诊断方法和治疗方法的介绍。
中医的诊断方法包括望、闻、问、切四诊法，其中望诊是通过观察患者的面色、舌苔等来判断病情。
这一概念可以用"observation"来表达。
闻诊是通过听取患者的声音和气味来判断病情，这一概念可以用"auscultation"来表达。
问诊是通过与患者交流来了解病情，这一概念可以用"interrogation"来表达。
切诊是通过触摸患者的脉搏来判断病情，这一概念可以用"pulse diagnosis"来表达。
对于治疗方法，中医学采用了草药、针灸、推拿等多种疗法。
这些概念可以用"herbal medicine"、"acupuncture"和"massage"来表达。
通过对这些诊断和治疗方法的介绍，使得非中文母语的人能够更好地了解中医学的实践方法。
此外，中医英语参考答案还应该包括对中医药材和中药方剂的介绍。
中医英语基础教程课后习题
English Translation of TCM Medical TermsUnit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine Pivot15. Plain Questions16. Huangdi’s Internal Classic17. Treatise on Cold-damage and Miscellaneous diseases18. Compendium of Materia Medica19. A-B Classic of Acupuncture and MoxibustionPrescriptions for Emergencies21 Supplement to Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies22 Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine Unit Two Yin-yang TheoryUnit 2 Yin-yang Theory1. the opposition and unity of yin and yang2. restriction and transformation of yin and yang3. excess/ predominance of yin leading to/ causing disorder of yang and excess /predominance of yang causing disorder of yin4. interdependence of yin and yang5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices14. generated/ being generated generating/ to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought of as the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fireexcess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)face and blood-shot ( red) eyesmethod for deficiency syndromemethod for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth is a therapeutic method used to warm kidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.earth to control watermetal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang (BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TVhave an interior-exterior relationshipand longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.qi and blood and regulating yin and yangpassage for pathogen transmissionneedling sensationdeficiency and excess conditionstropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestationsfive zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organsheart，the liver，the spleen ，the lung，the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder andtriple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to give outward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A)1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flouri shing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected onheart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with the eyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B)1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang and Fu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbidUnit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.thought impairs the spleen.sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrainoverstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retentionflow of bloodcause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess and deficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qiUnit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiationsyndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of diseaseUnit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to naturebetween man and natureto seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physiqueof motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring emotions15. health and longevity17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ；dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administrationfunctions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ；gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。
中医英语课后答案9.10.11.12.13.15
第十课一．术语翻译1.theory of meridians and collaterals2.system of meridians and collaterals3.transporting qi and blood to the whole body4.being connected with the viscera and limbs5.running routes6.twelve regular meridians7.the regions through or along which the meridiansrun and the order by which the meridians are connected with each other8.(of a collateral) pertaining to a certain meridian9.eight extraordinary vessels (meridians)10.branches of the twelve regular meridians 11.divergent collaterals12.skin divisions of the twelve regular meridians13.tendons of the twelve regular meridians14.qi of meridians15.syndrome differentiation of meridians andcollaterals16.meridian conduction17.meridian manifestations18.blockage of meridians19.soothing meridians and activating collaterals20.collateral pricking and cupping therapy二．句子翻译1.Meridians are the pathways for qi to circulate in the whole body.2.The meridians, which are the major trunks in the system of meridians and collaterals, mainly run in the deepregions of the body. The collaterals, which are the branches of the meridians, run in the shallow regions of the body or just beneath the skin.3.The twelve regular meridians start from and end at certain points, run through or along certain regions, followcertain orders to connect with each other, distribute in the limbs with rules and are directly associated with the internal organs.4.The eight extraordinary vessels include the governor vessel, conception vessel, thoroughfare vessel, beltvessel, yin heel vessel, yang heel vessel, yin link vessel and yang link vessel.5.The twelve branches of meridians, which stem from the twelve regular meridians, start from the four limbs,run deep in the viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and finally mergeinto the meridians proper. The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridians proper, run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externally related to the yin meridians.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories, i.e. divergent collaterals, superficial collaterals and minutecollaterals.8.The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called grandson-collaterals.9.According to the theory of meridians, tendons of meridians where qi of the meridians stays, accumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body through meridians.11.The Plain Conversation says, “Liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lowerabdomen…and lung disease is characterized by panting, cough, adverse flow of qi and pain in the shoulders and back.”12.Generally speaking, cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is accompanied by lung distension, chestoppression and pain in the superclavicular fossa; cough due to disorder of the kidney meridian is often accompanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hungry and frequent fear.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meridians and theirrelationships with the viscera.14.The main physiological function of the twelve meridians is to strengthen relationship between the twomeridians that are internally and externally related to each other.15.The skin of the whole body is the region over which the functional activities of the twelve meridians aremanifested.16.Since the three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with each otherover the head, the head is the place where all kinds of yang meets.17.Therapeutically, the acupoints located in the meridians that are internally and externally related to each othercan be used alternately.18.Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles.19.Under pathological condition, meridians become the pathways that transmit pathogenic factors and manifestpathological changes.20.Clinically the places where symptoms manifest and the regions through or along which the meridians run andassociate with the viscera are taken as the evidences for diagnosing diseases.Lesson 11ⅰ.1.six exogenous pathogenic factors2.improper diet and overstrainmon cold due to wind-cold4.diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea5.five endogenous pathogenic factors6.pathogenic wind attacking the exterior7.migratory arthralgia/joint pain8.wind being the leading pathogenic factor9.attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold10.decline of yang qi11.cold tending to stagnate by nature 12.stagnation of interstitial space13.spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons14.pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen15.inactivation of spleen-yang16.production of endogenous heat due to yindeficiency17.extreme heat producing wind18.internal impairment due to yin deficiency19.improper diet20.engorgementⅱ.1. Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.2. The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire.3. Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin, hair and muscles, producing syndrome of exogenous wind.4. The exogenous diseases caused by pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.5. Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and leads to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”.6. Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.7. The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, dysphoria, flushed cheeks and full pulse.8. Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.9. Exogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.11. Attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends to consume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.12. Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.13. Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.14. Pestilence is a kind of highly contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.15. The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases.16. Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.17. Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution.18. Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.19. The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis.20. Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsens in the night. Lesson 12ⅰ.1.occurrence, development, and changes ofdisease2.(body )constitutional state3.dysfunction of qi and blood4.various pathological changes5.exuberance or decline of pathogenic factorsand healthy qi/ strength contrast between pathogenic factors and healthy qi6.deficiency or excess changes of disease/transformation between deficiency andexcess during a disease7.the human body’ resistance against diseases8.feverish sensation over the five centers(palms, soles, and chest)9.deficiency complicated with excess 10.turnover of disease/prognosis of disease11.relative predominance of yin or yang12.extreme changes of five emotions13.depletion of essence causing deficiency14.mutual consumption of yin and yang15.true heat and false cold; false cold and trueheat16.stagnation of qi activity17.disorder of fluid metabolism18.endogenous cold/ cold originating from theinterior19.fluid consumption producing dryness20.stirring of endogenous wind/disturbance ofendogenous windⅱ.1.The course of many diseases is a process of combat between pathogenic factors and healthy qi as well asthe ebb and flow of their strengths.2.Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.3.Healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, leading to improvement of or recovery from an illness.4.Yang deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient or hypofunctional yang qi failing to warm thebody.5.Yin deficiency refers to the morbid state of depleted essence, blood and fluid leading to relativehyperactivity of yang.6.Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi.7.The disorders of qi include insufficient production of qi, excessive depletion of qi, hypofunction of qiand abnormal movements of qi.8.The topical stagnation of qi may lead to such symptoms as distension, pain, or even blood stasis andretention of water, fluid, or phlegm9.Qi adverseness refers to the morbid state of abnormal ascending and descending of qi and adverse,upward flow of visceral qi.10.Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.11.Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood.12.Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow.13.Blood stasis due to qi stagnation means that the unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of bloodcirculation.14.Impairment of thin-fluid often develops to depletion of thick-fluid, and depletion of thick-fluid is a resultof insufficient thin-fluid.15.Qi stagnation due to fluid retention refers to the morbid state of disturbance of fluid metabolism andretention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid lead to stagnation of qi.16.Stirring of endogenous wind refers to a morbid state due to hyperactivity of yang qi within the body.17.Endogenous dampness is mostly caused by deficiency of the spleen, so it is also called “dampness due tospleen deficienc y”.18.Endogenous dryness can be manifested in any organs or tissues, especially the lung, stomach and largeintestine.19.The prolonged deficiency of yin-fluid of the lung often involves the kidney and results in simultaneousdeficiency of the lung-yin and kidney-yin.20.The obstruction of the urinary bladder is called “uroschesis”and the incontinence of urine is called“enuresis”.Lesson 13ⅰ.1.spirit, complexion, and physical conditions2.mental activities3.sufficient essence and abundant qi4.apathetic facial expressions5.normal complexion and varied normalcomplexion6.convulsion of the limbs7.stirring of wind due to damp-heat8.interior sinking of pathogenic toxin9.scaly skin/ squamous and dry skin10.hunger without appetite bined use of the four diagnostic methods12.facial expressions13.favorable prognosis14.dispiritedness15.five colors indicating diseases / diagnosticsignificance of five colors16.facial distortion17.flaming of deficient fire18.retention of heat in the large intestine19.uncoated tongue/ mirror-like tongue20.pulse manifestationsⅱ.1.Inspection is a diagnostic method of observing general or local changes of spirit, complexion and physicalconditions.2.The listening-smelling method refers to an approach to diagnosis by listening to the voices of the patients andsmelling the odors emitted from the patients.3.Inquiry is a diagnostic method used to understand the occurrence, development, present subjective symptomsand other things concerning the diseases by asking the patients or their companions.4.Pulse-taking and palpitation refer to the diagnostic method of feeling the pulse and palpating the stomach andabdomen, foot and hand as well as other regions of the patients.5.Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in variousaspects.6.The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.7.“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi, and full vitality.8.“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi, and dispiritedness.9.“False spirit” is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease.10.Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.11.Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion.12.Inspection of physical conditions can provide information about the state of visceral qi and blood, strengthcontrast between yin and yang or pathogenic factors and healthy qi, as well as prognosis and location of the diseases.13.V omiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi.14.Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.15.Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.16.Yellow tongue coating is caused by fumigation of pathogenic heat and usually indicates interior syndrome andheat syndrome.17.Greasy tongue coating, usually caused by interior accumulation of damp-turbidity and stagnation of yang qi,mainly indicates retention of phlegm-fluid, damp-turbidity, food, damp-heat and obstinate phlegm, etc.18.Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpation.19.The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease is known as morbid pulse.20.Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.Lesson 15ⅰ.1.辨证论治treatment with syndromedifferentiation/ treatment according to syndrome differentiation2.表里同病disease involving both exterior andinterior/ simultaneous disorder of exterior and interior3.寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold andheat/ mixture of cold and heat4.里邪出表regression of interior pathogenicfactors to the exterior5.真寒假热true cold and false heat6.恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to heat7.口淡不渴tasteless sensation in the mouthwithout thirst8.寒邪郁而化热transformation of stagnatedpathogenic cold into heat9.外感表虚exterior-deficiency syndrome due toexogenous pathogens10.五心烦热feverish sensation over five centers11.病位与病性location and nature of disease12.虚实夹杂mixture of deficiency andexcess/co-existence of deficiency and excess 13.外邪入里invasion of exterior pathogenic factorsinto the interior14.寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heatsyndrome15.真假寒热true heat and false cold16.热证转寒heat syndrome transforming into coldsyndrome17.舌淡苔白而润滑pale tongue with white, moistand slippery fur18.脉数无力rapid and weak pulse19.潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating20.神昏谵语coma with deliriumⅱ.1.疾病的表现尽管极其复杂，但基本上都可以用八纲加以归纳。
中医英语课后翻译习题答案(全)
experience in their struggle against diseases. 2. 中医学有完整独特的理论体系。
TCM has a unique and integrative theoretical system. 3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生�发展和防治规律的一门科学。
TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress,
fivezangviscera2?六腑sixfuorgans3?经络系统systemofmeridiansandcollaterals4?整体观念holism5?有机整体organicwhole6?社会属性socialattribute7?开窍ofthefivezangorgansopeninto8?生长化收藏sproutinggrowingtransformingripeningandstoring9?诊断学diagnostics10?邪正关系relationshipbetweenpathogenicfactorsandhealthyqi11?治疗学therapeutics12?风寒感冒commoncoldduetowindandcold13?同病异治treatmentofthesamediseasewithdifferentremedies14?异病同治treatmentofdifferentdiseaseswiththesameremedy15?水液代谢平衡balanceofwatermetabolism16?清心火clearingawayheartfire17?疾病本质natureofdisease18?以左治右treatingtheleftsideforcuringdiseaseslocatedontherightside19?从阴引阳drawingyangfromyin20?病在上者下取之treatingthelowerpartforcuringdiseaseslocatedontheupperpart1?中医理论体系有两个基本特点?一是整体观念?二是辨证论治
中医英语课后句子翻译1-15课
Lesson 11. 中国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结TCM has a history of thousand of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以与疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of disease.4. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Internal Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.5. 《难经》在许多方面,尤其是在脉学上,补充了《皇帝内经》的不足.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Medicine in many respects,especially in pulse lore.6. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著.Discussion on the causes and symptom of various diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptom ofdiseases in china.7. 阳常有余,阴常不足.Yang is usually excessive while Yin is frequently deficiency.8. 内伤脾胃,百病由生.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.9. 《本草纲目》是中药学史上的不朽著作,并对世界药学的发展做出了伟大的贡献.pendium of Materia Medica <Bencao Gangmu > is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese material medical and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. 中药不但包含草药,而且包含矿物药和动物药等.Traditional Chinese material medical includes not only herbs but also mineral and animal drugs.11. 金元时期出现了后世称为"金元四大家"的医学流派.In the jin and yuan dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. 刘宗素认为"火热"为主要病因,用药以寒凉为主.Liu WangSu believed that "five-heat" was the main cause of a variety of disease and these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.13. 刘暠主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主,被称为"补土派"LinGao emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach, so his theory was known as the "school of Reinforcing the Earth".14. 朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主,被称为"养阴派"Zhu Zengheng advocated the remedies of nourishing Yin and reducing fire in treatment of disease, so his theory was known as the "school of nourishing Yin"15. 温病是研究四时温病的发生、发展规律与其诊治方法的一门临床科学Study on Warm Disease is a clinic specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of Warm Diseases.16. 温病学派创立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范.The school of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of Warm Disease based onsyndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase , nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.17. 王清任改正了古医学在人体解剖方面的错误,并倡导瘀血致病的理论Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stasis.18. 中医学结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条心途径.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.19. 中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory oftraditional Chinese medicine.Lesson21. 中医理论体系有两个基本特点：一是整体观念,二是辨证论治.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome.2. 中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体TCM believes that the human body is organic whole.3. 人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用,在病理上相互影响The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. 整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辩证和治疗的各个方面The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnostics, syndrome differentiation and therapeutics.5. 自然界的变化又可以直接或间接地影响人体.Change in the natural world directly and indirectly influence the human body.6. 人的气血春夏趋向于表,秋冬趋向里Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. 心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related the small intestine.8. 中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human being.9. 中医强调形神共存,互用并相互影响.According to TCM, the body and spirit co-exist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. 人体阳气白天多趋向于表,夜晚多趋向于里.Yang Qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior atnight.11. 地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动.Regional difference, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12. 证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changed at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. 辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则,也是中医的基本特点之一.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basicprinciple in TCM forunderstanding and treating diseases.14. 证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质、以与邪正关系.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease, as well as the state of pathogenic factors and health qi.15. 辩证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. 临床中医注重辨病,但更注重辩证,从而通过治证来治疗疾病Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases, but therapeutically they care more about thedifferentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17. 证能更全面、跟正确的揭示疾病的本质Syndrome can prehensively and accurately reveal the nature of disease.18. 不同的疾病可因相同的病机而出现相同的证.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19. 如果两种疾病表现出相同的中气下陷证,就均可用升提中气的方法治疗.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method forelevating middle qi.20. 中医治病不是单纯注重病之异同,而是病机之异同.The treatment of disease in TCM does not only simple concentration the difference or similarity of disease, but on thedifference or similarity of pathogenesis.Lesson 31. 阴阳中国古代哲学的一对范畴Yin and Yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2. 阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括Yin and Yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomenal in nature.3. 宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立矛盾运动的结果.The formation development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of Yin and Yang thatoppose to each other and unite with each other.4. 天气轻清故属阳,地气重浊故属阴.The celestial qi pertain to Yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertain to Yin because it is heavy and turbid.5. 阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程.The course of mutual restrain and inhibition between Yin and Yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6. 没有因也就无以言阳,没有阳亦无以言阴. Yin cannot exit alone without Yang and vice versa.7. 阴阳离绝,经气乃绝.Separation of Yin and Yang results in exhausting of essence.8. 只有不断的消长平衡,才能推动事物的发展.Only through constant reduction, promotion and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.9. 在一定条件下,那样可以各自向其反得方向发展.Under given condition, either Yin or Yang may transform into its counterpart.10．物生谓之化,物极谓之变.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates changes.11 人生有形,不离阴阳. Yin and Yang are indispensable to the human body.12 功能属于阳,物质属于阴.Function pertain to Yang while substances to Yin.13. 如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离,人的生命也就终止了.If Yin and Yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14. 无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂,都不外乎阴阳的偏盛偏衰No matter how plicated pathological changes of adisease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of Yin and Yang.15. 正气指整个机体的结构与功能,包括人体对疾病的抵抗力.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of body, including body resistance against diseases.16 机体阴阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度,必然导致另一方的不足. If any part of the body, either Yin or Yang, becausedeficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17 疾病发生、发展的内在原因在于阴阳失调.Imbalance between Yin and Yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18 从色泽的明暗,可以辨别病情的阴阳属性.Manifestations of plexion can tell whether a disease pertains to Yin or Yang in nature. 19 治疗的基本原则是补其不足,泄其有余.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20 只有选用适用的药物,才能收到良好的疗效.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.Lesson 41. 木、火、土、金、水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质.Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2. 中医理论体在形成过程中,受到古代五行学说的深刻影响.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3. 水具有滋润和向下的特性.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.4. 肝主升而归属于土The liver pertain to wood because it controls elevation5. 脾主运化而归属于木The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6. 肾主水而归属于水The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7. 相克是指以事物对另事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8. 木生火,,生我者为木；火生土,我生者为土.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9. 相乘即以强凌弱的意思.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10. 木过强时,既可以乘脾,又可以侮金.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11. 心阳有温煦之功能,故心属火.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12. 肝藏血以济心The fire stores blood to plement the fire.13. 肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14. 子病犯母指疾病的传变从子脏传与母脏The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organ means that the disease is transmitted from achild-organ to its mother-organ.15. 人体是一个有机的整体,内脏有病可以反映到体表.The human body is an organic whole, so disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over thesurface of the body.16. 相克传变包括相乘和相侮,均属于不正常的相克.Restriction includes over restriction and counter restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17. 五行的基本属性是生,克,乘,侮.The basic relationship among the five elements are generation, restriction , over restriction and counter restriction.18. 生我者为母,我生者为子.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19. 在临床治疗上,五行学说用来确定治疗原则和治疗方法.Clinically the doctrine of the five elements is used to decline therapeutic principle and method.20. 五行学说也有一定的局限性.The doctrine of five elements obviously has limitations and is still in need of further improvement. Lesson 51. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化与其相互关系色学说The theory of viscera manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占极与其重要的地位.The theory of viscera manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3. 五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气The mon physiological function of the five Zang-organs is to transform and store essence4.六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷.The mon physiological function of the six-organs is to receive,transport and transform water and food.5.脏病多虚,腑病多实Diseases of the five Zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature,while diseases of the fu-organs are frequently of excess innature.6.脏实者可泄其腑,腑虚者可补其脏.Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while deficiency offu-organs can be treated byreinforcing the related zang-organs.7.皮肤受凉而感冒,会出现鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状.mon cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose,runningnose and cough.8.肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用.Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeletone.9.心与小肠相表里.The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.10五脏与形体诸窍联接成一个整体The five Zang-organs,the body and all the orifices form an organic whole.11脾开窍于口,其华仔唇四白The spleen opens into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12.五脏的生理活动与精神情志密切相关The physiological functions of the five Zang-organs are closely associated with the state of spiritand mind.13五脏的生理活动统帅全身整体的生理功能The physiological functions of the five Zang-organs play a leading role in the physiological functio ns of the whole body.14.五脏生理功能之间的平衡协调时维持机体内在环境相对恒定的重要环节The normal relationship between the five Zang-organs and the body and all the orifices is key tothe relative stability of theinternal environment of the body.15.五脏与形体诸窍的联系维系着体内外环境之间的相对平衡协调The normal relationship between the five Zang-organs and the body and all the orifices maintain s the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body.16.精神情志和思维意识活动的失常也会影响五脏的生理功能Disorder of spirit,emotion,and mental activities affects the physiological functions of the five Za ng-organs.17.藏象学说的形成虽有一定的古代解剖知识为基础The formation of the doctrine of viscera manifestation was,to a certain extend,based on the kn owledge of anatomy in ancient times.18有诸内,必形诸外.The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally19.藏象学说对脏腑的认识大大超越了人体解剖学的脏腑范围The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of manifestation has exceeded the scope of that in modern anatomy.20藏象学说中的脏腑不单纯是一个解剖学概念,而是概括了人体某一系统的生理和病理学概念.The viscera in the doctrine of manifestation are not simply anatomic concepts,but the conceptsthat are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole bod y.Lesson61．心脏的主要生理功能是主血脉和主神志.The physiological function of heart is to control blood and vessels and govern the mind.2．脉是血液运行的通道The vessels are the passages in which blood flow.3．血液的正常运行必须以心气充沛,血液充盈和脉道通利为其基本的前提条件.Sufficiency heart qi,abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normal circul ation of blood.4．若心有病变,可以从舌上反映出来.Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5．肺的呼吸功能健全与否,直接影响着宗气的生成.The respiratory function of lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6．肺失于宣散,即可出现呼气不利、胸闷、咳喘等病理现象.Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea,chest oppression,cough and panting.. 7如果肺的通调水道功能减退,就可发生水液停聚而生痰、成饮.Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retai ned fluid due to stagnation of water.8肺的病变多见于鼻、喉的症状.he pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9运化水谷即是对饮食物的消化和吸收.Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorb nutrients from food.10脾失健运即脾运化水谷精微的功能减退.Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting a nd transforming the nutrients of water and foof,11．脾为后天之本,气血生化之源.The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production,12百病皆由脾胃衰而生也.All diseases are caused by weakness if the spleen and stomach.13肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血.The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14气机的郁结会导致血行与津液的输布代谢障碍.Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid.15肝血不足或肝不藏血时即可引起月经量少,甚则闭经.Insufficient blood or failure of the liver to store bloodwill cause scanty menstruation or evename norrhea,16肢体运动的能量来源权依赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用.Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the li mbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17肾主生长、发育、与生殖.The kidney governs growth,development and reproductions.18肾所藏得精气包括"先天之气"和"后天之气".The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.19肾的纳气功能正常则呼吸均匀和调.If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal,breath will be smooth and even.20尿液的排泄虽在膀胱,但须依赖肾的气化才能完成.Through urine is discharged from the bladder,it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidne y to acplish such a discharge.Lesson71.the gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food胆排泄胆汁于小肠以助消化食物.2.the main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile胆的主要生理功能是储存和排泄胆汁.3.胆汁由肝之精气所化生Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver4.胃的生理功能是收纳与腐熟水谷The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food.5.容纳于胃中的水谷经过胃的腐熟后,下传于小肠,其精微经脾的运化而营养全身.After primary digestion,the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine,the nutrien t of the food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6.food is further divided into nutrient and reside after further digestion in the small intestine.饮食物经过小肠的进一步消化后分别为水谷精微和食物残渣两个部分.7.the small intestine also absorb large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients from food.小肠在吸收水谷精微的同时,也吸收了大量的水液.8.the so-called"lucid"refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called"turbid"refer s to the resi de of food.9."清"指的是水谷精微,"浊"指的是食物残渣.if the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid,the ctivity of defecati on and urination will be normal.小肠的泌别清浊功能正常,则二便正常.10.the main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstufftransmitted down from thesmall intestine,absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces.大肠接受经过小肠泌别清浊后所剩下的食物残渣,再吸收其中多余的水液,形成粪便,经过肛门而排除体外.11.the gallbladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the ki dney.膀胱储存和排泄尿液是在肾的气化作用下完成的.12.the stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.胃与脾相表里.13.the upper energizer functions as a sprayer.上焦如物14.the middle energizer functions as a fermentor.中焦如沤15.the low energizer functions as a drainer.下焦如渎16.the extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionally simi lar to the zang-organs.奇恒之腑形态类似于腑,功能类似于脏.17.the mon function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food and disch arge waste.六腑的共同生理功能是传化水谷,排泄糟粕.18.the intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.人之灵机记性皆在脑中19.the brain is the house of the primordial spirit.脑为元神之府.20.the uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.女子胞是发生月经和孕育胎儿的器官.Lesson81.Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body.气是构成人体的最基本物质.2.Qi in the body is derived from innate qi that is transformed from the kidney essence inheritingfrom the parents,and acquired qi from both food nutrients that are transformed by the spleen an d stomach and fresh air that is inhaled by the lung.人体的气来源于秉受于父母的先天之精、饮食物中的营养物质和存在于自然界的清气.3.The innate essence depends on the essential qi stored in the kidney to take effect.先天之精依赖于肾藏精气的生理功能才能充分发挥其生理效应.4.The nutrients from water and food are transformed and absorbed through the function of the spleen and stomach in transportation and transformation.水谷精气依赖于脾胃的运化功能才能从饮食物中摄取而化生.5.Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.气是活力很强的精微物质.6.Body temperature is maintained with the warming function of qi.人体的体温是依赖气的温煦作用来维持恒定.7.In term of its defensive function,qi mainly protects the whole body and prevents exogenous p athogenic factors from invading the body.气的防御作用主要体现在护卫全身的肌表和防御外邪的入侵.8.Qi prevents blood and body fluid from losing.气对血、精液等液态物质具有防止其无故流失的作用.9.Failure of qi to control blood may lead to various kinds of bleeding.气不摄血可导致各种出血.10.Qi transformation refers to changes caused by qi movement.气化指通过其的运动而产生的各种变化.11.Qi flows all through the body to promote and stimulate various physiological functions of the body.气流行于全身而推动和激发人体的各种生理功能.12.The organs and tissues like viscera and meridians are all the places where qi ascends and des cends as well as exits from and enters into the body.人体的脏腑经络等器官组织都是气的升降出入场所.13.If qi stops ascending,descending,exiting and entering,it will lead to an end of life activities.气的升降出入运动一旦停止,也就意味着生命活动的终止和死亡.14.The primordial qi is the most essential and important qi and is the primary motive force of lif e.元气是人体最基本、最基本的气,是人体生命活动的原动力.15.Innate weakness or improper care after birth or prolonged illness will lead to deficiency anddecline of the primordial qi,and consequently causing various diseases.先天禀赋不足或后天失调,或久病损耗都会形成元气虚衰而产生种种病变.16.The thoracic qi is accumulated in the chest and functions to invigorate the heart and regulate heart rate and the rhythm ofheartbeat.宗气是积于胸中之气,具有推动心脏的搏动、调节心率和心律的功能.17.The nutritive qi es from the nutrients transformed from water and food by the spleen and sto mach.营气主要来自脾胃运化的水谷精气,由水谷精微中的精华部分所化生.18.The nutritive qi is distributed in the blood vessels and flows to the whole body as part of theblood.营气分布于血脉中,成为血液的组成部分所化生.19.The defensive qi flows outside the blood vessels with strong force and high speed.卫气运行于脉外,活动力特别强,流动很迅速.20.The nutritive qi pertains to yin because it maintains inside the body while the defensive qi d营主内守而属阴,卫主外卫而属阳.Lesson9气行则血行,气滞则血瘀normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qicauses stagnation of blood气为血帅,血为气母qi manding the blood and the blood carries qi气行则水行,气滞则水滞normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of fluid while stagnation of qicauses stagnation of fluid益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse亡血家不可发汗sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage夺血者勿汗sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage1.Qi,blood and body fluid are the basic substance for maintaining life activities.气血精液都是维持人体生命活动的基本物质2.Since qi pertain to yang because it is active in nature while the blood pertains to yin because it is static in nature,the relationship between qi and blood can be understood according to the rela tionship between Yin and Yang.从由于气性动而属阳,血性静儿属阴,所以气与血的关系可以从阴阳的相互关系来认识.3.The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.血液的化生过程依赖于多个脏腑的气化作用4.The idea that qi mands the blood means that qi governs the blood and keeps it to flow inside the viscera.气摄血是指通过气的摄纳、统管等作用,使血液不致溢出脉外.5.The blood and body fluid depend on each other and transform into each other physiologically and influence each otherpathologically.血和精液在生理上具有非常密切的相互依存、相互转化的关系,在病理上也常相互影响.6.Both the blood and body fluid,pertaining to yin in nature as pared with qi,are liquid substance that nourish and moisten the body.血和精液均为液态物质,都有营养和滋润作用,与气相对而言,两者都属阴.7.f body fluid.在生产精液的过程中,脾胃之气起着决定性的作用.8.The blood is posed of fluid and nutritive qi.That is why fluid is an important of the blood.血液是由精液和营气两部分所组成,故精液在脉内是血液的重要组成部分.9.The metabolism of body fluid is characterized by opening and closing activities under the pro motion and transformation of qi.在气的推动和气化作用下,精液的代谢表现为开和合两种方式.10.The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.人体排泄水液的途径主要是尿与汗.11.Pathologically excessive consumption of body fluid and profuse fluid oozing from the vessels will lead to emptiness of the vessels.在病理情况下,津液大量耗损,脉内的津液过多的渗出脉外,会导致血脉空虚.12.Sweating therapy cannot be used to treat patients with deficiency of blood and insufficiency of body fluid because profuse sweating will further consume body fluid.血虚之人,津液不充足,不宜发汗疗法,出汗多则津液耗损更加严重.13.The blood and body fluid not only depend on each other and transform into each other but a lso share the same source of production.That is to say that they all e from the nutrients of water and food.血与津液之间不但存在着相互依存相互转化的关系,而且他们的生成来源也相同,均是源于水谷精微.14.Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform津液的代谢过程完全依赖于气的推动,气化作用.15.The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.气的充足与否,气机是否调畅,都会影响津液的运行.16.Clinically herbs for supplementing qi are often used together with other ones to treat patient s with blood deficiency.在临床治疗血虚的病人时,常常配合应用补气药以提高疗效.17.The production,distribution and discharge of body fluid depend on the lung,spleen,kidneyand triple energizer to transform qi.津液的生成、输布和排泄都离不开肺、脾、肾、三焦、膀胱等脏腑的气化功能.18.If qi fails to mand body fluid because of deficiency,it will lead to abnormal discharge ofurine and sweating with the manifestations of incontinence of urine,enuresis and profuse sweati ng,etc.如果气虚不能固摄津液,可导致尿与汗的异常排出,如小便多,小便失禁、遗尿、多汗.19.Qi can promote the production and flow of the blood and mand the blood,That is why it is s aid that"qi is themander of the blood"气能生血.行血、摄血,故称"气为血之帅".Lesson105.The twelve branches of meridians,which stem from the twelve regular meridians,start fromthe four limbs,run deep inthe viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck,十二经别是从十二经脉别出的经脉,它们分别起自四肢,循环于体腔脏腑深部,上出于颈项浅部.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper run inside the body andfinally merge into the meridians proper.The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridia ns proper,run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externall y related to the yin meridians.阳经的经别从本经别出而循环体内后,仍回到本经；阴经的经别从本经别出而循环于体内后,却与相表里的阳经相合.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories,ie divergent collaterals,superficial collaterals and minute collaterals.经络可分为三类,即别络、浮络和孙络.9.According to the theory of meridians,tendons of meridians where qi of the meridians stays,ac cumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.根据经络学说,经筋是十二经脉之气"结、聚、散、络"于筋肉、关节的体系.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body throu gh meridians.同样的,当脏腑发生病变时,也会通过经脉反应于体表.11.The plain conversation says"the liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lower abdomen……and lung disease is characterized by panting,cough,adverse flow of qi and pain in the shouldersand back."<<素问>>："肝病者,两肋下痛,引少腹-----肺病者,喘咳逆气肩背痛."12.Generally speaking,cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is acpanied by lung distensio n,chest oppression and pain in the superclavcular fossa;cough due to disorder of the kidney mer idian is often acpanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hunger and frequent fear.一般来说,肺经喘咳则兼肺胀、胸闷、缺盆中痛等；而肾经咳喘则往往心悬若肌、善恐等症相伴出现.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meri dians and their relationships with the viscera.经络学说是研究人体经络的生理功能,病理变化与其脏腑相互关系的学说.。
中医医学英语,课后练习答案
第一单元1,临床经验clinical experience2,辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation3,四气五味four properties and five tastes4,针灸acupuncture and moxibustion5,补土派School of Reinforcing the Earth寒凉派School of cold and cool攻下派School of purgation滋阴派School of nourishing yin6,治疗原则therapeutic principles7,寒凉药物herbs cold and cool8,中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases9, 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。
Hang di’s Inner Canon has laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.10, 阳常有余，阴常不足。
Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.11,金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。
In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians ”in medical school.12, 刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。
【全】中医英语课后答案1-21课-李照国
KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summaryof the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as theoccurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solidfoundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what wasunaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of VariousDiseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causesvarious diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as amonumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not onlymedicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts. 11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared theso-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases werecaused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat”was the maincause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleenand stomach would bring about diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessivewhile yin is frequently deficient”and advocated theremedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusingon the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules oftreatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty correctedmistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicinehas paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic andexperimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the samedisease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat differentdiseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on theright side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located onthe upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized byholism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body areinterdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology,diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectlyinfluence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exteriorin spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally andexternally related to the small intestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activitypsychologically influences human beings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interactingwith each other and influencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exteriorin the daytime and to the interior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences thephysiological activities of the human body.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changesat a certain stage during the course of a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one ofthe characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of adisease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of diseaseare two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to thedifferentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately revealthe nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the samesyndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in twodifferent diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simplyconcentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinesephilosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes oftwo opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things inthe universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light andlucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yinand yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion ofessence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance canthe normal development of things be maintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transforminto its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extremedevelopment of things indicates change.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thusseparated from each other, it will lead to the end of life. 14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of adisease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure andfunctions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomesdeficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factorresponsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether adisease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplementinsufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellenttherapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downwardflowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver andkidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five mostessential materials indispensable to human existence. 2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeplyinfluenced by the doctrine of five elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controlstransportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls watermetabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control orrestraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire;since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth. 9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violentattack when a counterpart is weak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleenand counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks themother-organs means that the disease is transmitted froma child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders ofthe internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction andcounter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements aregeneration, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while theone that is being generated is the child-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decidetherapeutic principles and methods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certainlimitations and is still in need of further improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。
中医英语参考答案
中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，具有悠久的历史和丰富的理论体系。
中医的独特之处在于其注重整体观念和个体化治疗。
随着全球化的发展，中医在国际舞台上的地位也越来越重要。
因此，了解中医的英语术语和相关知识对于中医的传播和交流至关重要。
下面是一些中医英语参考答案，希望能对学习中医的同学有所帮助。
1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM, is a comprehensive medical system that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It is based on the philosophy of balancing the body's energy, known as Qi, and promoting overall health and wellbeing. TCM includes various treatment modalities such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and exercise.2. What is Qi?Qi is a fundamental concept in TCM. It refers to the vital energy or life force that flows through the body's meridian system. In TCM, good health is believed to be the result of a smooth and balanced flow of Qi. Any disruption or blockage in the flow of Qi can lead to illness or disease.3. What is acupuncture?Acupuncture is a key component of TCM. It involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi and restore balance. Acupuncture is commonly used to alleviate pain, improve circulation, andpromote overall wellbeing.4. What are the principles of herbal medicine in TCM?Herbal medicine is an important aspect of TCM. It is based on the use of natural substances, such as plants, minerals, and animal products, to restore balance and treat various health conditions. The principles of herbal medicine in TCM include the concept of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements theory, and the classification of herbs based on their properties and functions.5. How does TCM view the human body?TCM views the human body as an interconnected system where the mind, body, and spirit are closely linked. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining balance and harmony within the body to achieve optimal health. TCM also recognizes the influence of external factors, such as climate, environment, and emotions, on a person's health.6. What are some common TCM treatment modalities?In addition to acupuncture and herbal medicine, TCM utilizes various treatment modalities to restore balance and promote health. These include dietary therapy, which emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet tailored to individual needs; Tui Na massage, a form of therapeutic massage that focuses on the body's meridian system; and Qigong, a mind-body practice that combines movement, meditation, and breathing exercises.7. Is TCM effective?TCM has been practiced for thousands of years and has a long history oftreating various health conditions. While scientific research on TCM is still ongoing, many studies have shown promising results in terms of its effectiveness. TCM is particularly known for its holistic approach and individualized treatment plans, which take into account the unique needs of each patient.8. Can TCM be integrated with Western medicine?Yes, TCM can be integrated with Western medicine. In fact, many healthcare systems around the world are now recognizing the value of integrating traditional and modern medical approaches. Integrative medicine, which combines the best of both worlds, allows for a more comprehensive and personalized approach to healthcare.总结：中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，具有独特的理论体系和治疗方法。
中医英语课后答案第9课李照国
中医英语课后答案第9课李照国推荐文章营养与食品卫生学词汇中英对照热度：Adam'sapple喉结的英语解释热度：泌尿外科学的介绍热度：传染性疾病词汇大全热度：病情用英语怎么说热度：中医是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为中华的繁荣昌盛做出了极大的贡献。
如今，中医和西医都被世界各地的医生用来治疗疾病。
中医，以其独特的诊断手法、悠久的历史和显著的疗效被用来医治各种癌症和重大疾病。
下面是店铺整理的中医英语课后答案第9课，以供大家学习参考。
第九课一.术语翻译1. qi promoting the production of blood2. qi promoting the flow of blood3. qi commanding blood4. blood carrying qi5. blood generating qi6. qi promoting the production of body fluid7. qi promoting the flow of body fluid8. qi commanding body fluid 9. body fluid carrying qi10. body fluid generating qi11. body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12. exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13. exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14. loss of qi due to profuse sweating15. Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qi causes stagnation of blood.16. Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.17. Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluid whilestagnation of qi causes stagnation of body fluid.18. nourishing qi to stop collapse19. Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage.20. Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage.二.句子翻译1. Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining life activities.2. Since qi pertains to yang because it is active in nature while the blood pertains to yin becauseit is static in nature, the relationship between qi and the blood can be understood according to the relationship between yin and yang.3. The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.4. The idea that qi commands the blood means that qi governs the blood and keeps it to flow inside the vessels.5. The blood and body fluid depend on each other and transform into each other physiologically and influence each other pathologically.6. Both the blood and body fluid, pertaining yin in nature as compared with qi, are liquid substances that nourish and moisten the body.7. The spleen and stomach play an important role in the production of body fluid.8. The blood is composed of fluid and nutritive qi. That is why fluid is an important part of the blood.9. The metabolism of body fluid is characterized by opening and losing activities under the promotion and transformation ofqi.10. The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.11. The body fluid transforms into qi, the mechanism of which is the same as that of the blood in generating qi.12. Pathologically excessive consumption of body fluid and profuse fluid oozing from the vessels will lead to emptiness of the vessels.13. Sweating therapy cannot be used to treat patients with deficiency of blood and insufficiency of body fluid because profuse sweating will further consume body fluid.14. The blood and body fluid not only depend on each other and transform into each other, but also share the same source of production. That is to say that they all come from the nutrients of water and food.15. Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform.16. The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.17. Clinically herbs for supplementing qi are often used together with other ones to treat patients with blood deficiency.18. The production, distribution and discharge of body fluid depend on the lung, spleen, kidney and triple energizer to transform qi.19. If qi fails to command body fluid because of deficiency, it will lead to abnormal discharge of urine and sweating with the manifestations of incontinence of urine, enuresis and profuse sweating, etc.20. Qi can promote the production and flow of the blood and command the blood. That is why it is said that “qi is t hecommander of the blood”.。
中医英语答案1到4单元教学内容
中医英语答案1到4单元第一课一．术语翻译1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中国医药学2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论3. clinical experience临床经验4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 辨证论治5. miscellaneous diseases杂病6. Chinese pharmacy 中药学7. four properties and five tastes/flavors四气五味8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 针灸9. classical Chinese philosophy古代中国哲学10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis汗法11. purgation 下法12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 吐法13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth补土派14. etiology 病因学15. prescription; formula 方剂16. medical practice 医疗实践17. therapeutic principles 治疗原则18. herbs cold and cool in nature 寒凉药物19. nourishing yin and reducing fire滋阴降火20. diseases caused by blood stagnation瘀血致病二．句子翻译1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
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KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译1.TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’sexperience in their struggle against diseases.2.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress,prevention and treatment of diseases.4.Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation oftheoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’sCanon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6.Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extantmonograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7.Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.pendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history ofChinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10.Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also mineralsand animal parts.11.In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenicfactors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13.Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and thatthese diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14.Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring aboutdiseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15.Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” andadvocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases. 16.Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress,diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17.The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease basedon syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18.Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made inancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for thedevelopment and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theoryof traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2.six fu-organs3.system of meridians and collaterals4.holismanic wholenss6.social attribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into8.sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9.diagnostics10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11.therapeuticsmon cold due to wind and cold13.different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14.the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15.balance of water metabolism16.clearing away heart fire17.nature of disease18.treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19.drawing yang from yin20.treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment basedon syndrome differentiation.2.TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3.The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutuallyinfluential in pathology.4.The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndromedifferentiation and treatment of diseases.5.Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6.Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer andto the interior in autumn and winter.7.The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the smallintestine.8.TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences humanbeings.9.According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other andinfluencing each other.10.Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to theinterior at night.11.Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the humanbody.12.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the courseof a disease.13.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is thebasic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state ofpathogenic factors and healthy qi.15.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects indiagnosing and treating diseases.16.Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. Buttherapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17.Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity inpathogenesis.19.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can betreated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20.The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference orsimilarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects ofinterrelated things or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result ofthe movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qipertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies theirprogress in mutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development ofthings be maintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicateschange.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it willlead to the end of life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing morethan relative predominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including bodyresistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it willinevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrenceand progress of a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang innature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable tohuman existence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine offive elements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire isthe generator of earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart isweak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that thedisease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can bemanifested over the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormalrestriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, overrestriction and counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is thechild-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles andmethods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need offurther improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精微nutrients of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。