非文学翻译(口译)week10(DOC)

翻译讲评

Diesel engine operating features (paragraph 2)

Now let us compare the diesel engine with the gasoline engine. Firstly, the explosive mixture of the gasoline engine is provided by a carburettor, but in the case of the diesel engine the supply is effected by an injection or "jerk" pump which forces a "shot" of fuel into each cylinder in turn according to the correct firing sequence.

✓explosive mixture爆炸性混合物/（可）爆燃混合气

✓the supply = the supply of the explosive mixture

✓to effect = to bring about; to cause sth to occur 使产生；使发生

✓… the supply is effected by… = …the mixture is supplied by…

✓an injection or "jerk" pump = an

injection pump or “jerk” pump

✓injection pump喷射泵/喷油泵

✓jerk pump 高压燃油喷射泵/ 脉动作用泵

译：

现在，让我们比较一下柴油发动机和汽油发动机。首先，汽油发动机的爆燃混合气是由化油器提供的，而柴油机的爆燃混合气则由喷油泵（即脉动作用泵）提供，由喷油泵按照正确的点火顺序将燃油依次“射”入各汽缸。

Secondly, the fundamental difference between gasoline and diesel engines is that in the gasoline engine the source of the heat for igniting the charge, namely, an electric spark, is generated outside the engine, and is taken, as it were, into the waiting charge at the required instant.

a.the source of the heat热源

b.t he charge燃料/混合燃气

c.the source of the heat = an electric spark

d.a s it were: used when describing something in a way that is not quite exact 可以说；可谓

viz.,

译：

其次，汽油发动机与柴油发动机的基本区别在于：汽油机中用于点燃混合燃气的热源（即电火花）是在发动机外面产生的，可以说电火花总是在需要的时刻被引入待燃的混合气中。

In the diesel engine the source of heat for igniting the charge is created within the engine by compressing pure air to a degree that will initiate combustion and then [by] injecting the fuel at the right time in relation to the movement of the crankshaft.

a.The source of heat is created by compressing…and then injecting the…

b.t o initiate combustion 是什么在燃烧？是

空气还是燃料（charge）？

译：

而在柴油发动机中，用于点燃混合气的热源是在发动机内部产生的，方法是将纯空气压缩，直到燃料可以被引燃的程度，随后，因应曲轴的运动，燃油适时地喷入。

Both classes of engines are of very similar construction. But as the diesel engine is called upon to withstand very much greater stresses due to higher pressures in cylinders, it has to be of more substantial construction, and is thus heavier.

a.construction结构

b.s tresses应力

e.g. a stress of 240 MPa / a stress of

200–1000 Pa / a stress of 2900 kg/cm2

译：

这两种发动机的结构是很相似的，但是由于柴油发动机汽缸内压强更高，它必须能够承受大得多的应力，因此它的结构必须

更加坚固，重量也更大些。

In general, the diesel engine may weigh about 9. 25 kilograms per kilowatt. The most important advantage of the gasoline engine is its lower weight per kilowatt. The gasoline engine for automobiles weighs about 6. 17 kilograms per kilowatt, and gasoline engines for airplanes may weigh as little as 0. 77 kilograms per kilowatt. This advantage prevents the diesel engine from replacing the gasoline engine in some automobiles and airplanes.

一般来说，柴油机每千瓦重量可达9.25公斤。汽油机最重要的优点是每千瓦的重量较轻。用于汽车的汽油发动机每千瓦重量为6.17公斤，而用于飞机的汽油发动机的每千瓦重量最轻仅有0.77公斤。汽油机的这一优点使柴油机无法代替某些汽车以及飞机上使用的汽油发动机。