英语语法-定语从句

英语语法-定语从句

关系代词(relative pronouns)

who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句。在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用。

注意(whom & which)：

whom & which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom & which 不能由who或that代替，不能省略。

e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.

The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.

但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。

e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from.

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。

He is the student who the teachers are looking for.

The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.

动词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不行。

that的用法

1)that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who或which），宾语（取代who或whom或which）

2)关系代词作表语，必须使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。

e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was.

My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago.

3)that的特殊用法

必须使用that的情况。

1. 被修饰的先行词是不定代词all，much，something，everything，nothing，none，the one等时，（注意：表示人的不定代词即可用that也可用who/whom）

如：Anyone who/that doesn’t like this film must tell me.

Do you have something that is very difficult to understand?

All（that）I can do is to give him some hope.

2. 被修饰的先行词还有一些特定意义的修饰词，如：the only、the very、just the、the right、any、every、no、all、much、many、little、few等，

如：The only thing（that）we know is that the universe is very big.

Any bus that can go there is OK.

This is just the/the very/the right book I am looking for.

There are few cars that are driving slowly.

Every car that has a high price is worth what it costs.

3．句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that，

如：Who is the man that is speaking?

The factory which produces shoes that are very good has gone bankru

4．关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用 that。如：

She is not the girl that she was three years ago．

5．先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。如：

Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens．6. 先行词既有人又有物或time，

如：Can you tell me the people and events（that）you saw in Britain?

The man and his dog that looked odd came to me quietly.

Each time that he came here, he would like to talk with her. 5．关系代词与the same （指同一人）连用时，只能用that。如：

This is the same person that I met yesterday．

7．一个句子中有两个定语从句时，如第一个从句中已用who，第二个从句中宜用that。如：The man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army．

8．当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。如：1）It's a song that is very popular．

2）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be．

5．当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。如：

There is a seat in the corner that is still free．

9．当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。如：

I'll borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders．

但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句中用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。如：