定语从句语法归纳

定语从句

●引导定语从句的词

关系代词：that which who whom whose as

关系副词：where when why

➢关系代词

1）功能：引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从关系；

替代前面的先行词，有当其在从句中作宾语是可以省略；

A.where

B.when

C.that

D.what

2.(06福建)Look out!Don’t get too close to the house___roof is under repair.

A.whose

B.which

C.of which

D.that

2)关系代词只能用that

a.先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。

eg.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

b.当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。

eg.What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen?

c.当先行词是不定代词，如：

all,any,some,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,the one 等词时。

eg.Do you have anything that you don’t understand?

d.先行词被the very（正好）,the only,the last,any,few,little,just,next,no,all等词修饰时。

eg.The only thing that we can do is to help you out.

e.先行词既有表示人的词又有表示物的词。

eg.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

f.当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时。

eg.Who is the man that is standing by the tree?

g.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用which，而另一个则用that。

eg.They went to a shop which sells women’s clothes that satisfied them.

h.当先行词在主句中作be的表语,或关系代词本身作从句的表语时。

eg.Wuhan is no longer the city that it used to be.

i.关系副词why在the reason why结构中可以被that取代，that亦可省略。(这时that 是关系副词)

eg.That is the reason (that) he came.

j. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常用in which或that引导，也可以省略。eg.This is the way (that/which) he did that.

3）关系代词只能用which

a.介词后指物。

eg.This is the school in which I used to study.

※但要注意的是，在一些固定短语中，不能把介词置于关系代词之前。

eg.The boy who I am looking after is my son.(不能说The boy after whom I am looking after is my son.)

b.非限制性定语从句中指物。

3.(08全国)The road conditions there turned out to be very good,___was more than we could expect.

A.it

B.what

C.which

D.that

c.which可指代整个句子，而that不能。

4)关系代词as和which的使用区别

a.位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首，也可以插在主句中，位于主句后，而which 不能位于主句前。

eg.As you know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.

Taiwan,as you know,is an inseparable part of China.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as you know.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,which we all know.

b.意义不同。as（正如，就像）表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which。

eg.They remarried,as we had expected.

They remarried,which we hadn’t expected.

As often happens,they won the match again.

It rained heavily,which prevented us going out.

c.结构不同。as可用于类似插入语的句式中，而which则不能。如，as anybody can see,as we all know,as we had expected,as is well know,as has been said before,as often happens,as it is,as is natural,as is the case等。which常用语which + 谓语 +宾语（宾补）结构。

d.当先行词被the same,so,as,such等词修饰时，多用as引导。

5）关系代词who和that的使用区别

关系代词who与that都可指代人而且在从句中都既能作主语也能作宾语，但在下面几种情况下，只能用who作关系代词：

a.先行词是特定的人或指人的those,one(s),people。

4.（06北京）Women___drink more than 2 cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those___don’t.

A.who;/

B./;who

C.who;who

D./;/

b.主句是there be结构且先行词指人。

5.（05北京）-Why does she always ask you for help?

-There is no one else___,is there?

A.who to turn to

B.she can turn to

C.for whom to turn

D.for her to turn

c.先行词是I,you,he,they等（常用在谚语中）。

d.先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语。

eg.I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got the gold medals in the race.