Unit 3 Back to the past话题语言应用——考古与历史知识梳理

Unit 3 Back to the past

话题语言应用——考古与历史

语言积累

交际用语

1．特征

It looks like... 它看起来像......

It could be because... 可能是因为......

How large do you think it is? 你认为它有多大？

Is there any ... on the ...? 在......有什么......吗？

It may be used as / for... 它可能被用作/用来......

Is it in good／poor condition? 它状态良好/不好吗？

It could be made from... 它可能是由......制成的。

What do you think it is? 你认为它是什么？

2．建议

I think that we should... because... 我想我们应该......，因为......

What if ...? 如果......，我们怎么办呢？

If...，then maybe we ought to... 如果......，那时也许我们应该......

Perhaps we should / could... 也许我们应该/可以......

It seems likely / unlikely that... ......似乎是可能的/不太可能的。

I suggest we... 我建议我们......

We must ask for help from... 我们必须向......求助。

3．假定

It is reasonable to assume that... 假设......是合理的。

Our evidence suggests that... 我们掌握的证据表明......

It seems that.... 似乎......

Perhaps there was... 也许有......

We think that.... 我们认为......

It suggests that... 情况表明......

话题语句（1）

Words for archaeology 有关考古的词汇

1. excavate 挖掘collect 收集identify and analyze 识别分析

2. clay lamp 粘土灯Chinese chimes 编钟

stone/ jade axe 石/玉斧Terra-Cotta Warriors 兵马俑

pottery 陶器bone needle 骨针

stone tools石制工具（石器）stoneware粗陶，石器，缸瓷

a death mask of an Egyptian Pharaoh 埃及法老死亡面具

3. hunt animals 猎兽catch fish 捕鱼

rub stones for fires击燧石取火cut fat and meat from bones 剔骨取肉collect nuts and fruits 收集坚果和水果

trade with people who have seashells 与有贝壳的人交易

4. primitive people 原始人skull 颅骨layers of ash 积灰

有关句子：

Archaeologists study early people by examining the objects they used.

考古学家研究早期人类用过的物品来研究他们。

Being an archaeologist needs a wide range of knowledge. 成为考古学家需要广博的知识。The earliest people used fire to keep them warm, cook the food and scare wild beasts away.

早期人类用火取暖、烹煮食物、驱赶野兽。

They might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.

他们可能把兽皮挂在洞口来御寒。

Perhaps they cut animal skins and sewed the pieces together to make clothes.

也许他们切割兽皮，缝在一起来做衣服。

Did they suffer from cold, starvation or disease？

他们遭受了寒冷、饥荒和疾病吗？

话题语句（2）

Six discoveries that changed the archaeological world

One of the most exciting things about archaeology is that it is an ever-changing landscape, constantly causing us to reconsider our most firmly-held beliefs about the past and the people. But every so often a truly spectacular discovery emerges（显露）that changes the way we think about a civilization forever.

要点提示：

archaeological 考古学的landscape 风景constantly 不断地civilization 文明every so often偶尔, 时常

1. Knossos, Crete克里特岛，克诺索斯（遗迹）

Arthur Evans’ excavations in 1900-1905 uncovered a vast Middle Bronze Age palace boasting some 1,300 rooms. The most important discovery, however, was at first glance thousands of slabs (平板) of baked clay. These tablets bore inscriptions (题字) in a never-before seen language. It was another 50 years before Michael Ventris cracked (破解) the code, making it the oldest deciphered (破译) language in Europe.

要点提示：

excavation挖掘Middle Bronze Age 铜器时代中期

boast 自夸，以有......而自豪baked clay 被烘烤过的粘土

bear (bore, borne) 忍受，具有

2. Tutankhamun’s tomb, Egypt 埃及，法老墓

Arguably one of the most famous — and spectacular — archaeological discoveries of all time, Howard Carter’s excavation at the Valley of the Kings in 1922 propelled (推进) a short-lived and perhaps rather politically unimportant Pharaoh (法老) into the history books. Tutankhamun may have died while still in his teens but his tomb had been packed with beautiful objects befitting his royal status.

3. Machu Picchu, Peru秘鲁，马丘比丘城

“Rediscovered” by Hiram Bingham in 1911, this monumental Inca（印加人）citadel（城堡）was built in the mid-15th century on a mountain top. Its stunning natural surroundings and awe-inspiring（令人惊叹的）standing remains make this a truly remarkable site – a vivid reminder of the technological capabilities（能力）and power of the Inca Empire at its peak（顶峰）.

要点提示：

monumental 纪念碑的remarkable 引人注目的

4. The Rosetta Stone, Egypt 埃及，罗赛塔石碑

This is the find that provided the key to our understanding of hieroglyphs (象形文字), more than 1,000 years after knowledge of how to read the ancient Egyptian symbols had faded from