大学英语复习资料()

一．中英文语序差异。

1.英语一般陈述语句中，一般情况下主语和限定动词紧靠在一起。

如果复杂句较长，那么找到主干或句中的中心名词。

2.中心名词

（前置定语）+中心名词+（后置定语）=名词短语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother .（这里的中心词是boy，然后在boy前面添加形容词cute作前置定语，现在分词wearing作后置定语，从而构成名词短语）

3.限定性动词（即谓语动词），非常重要，它受主语的限制，有时态（过去、

将来、完成）、语态（被动、主动）、人称（第三人称、第一人称）的变

化

4.非限定性动词（非谓语动词）主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词

和过去分词)。非限定性动词除了不能独立作限定动词外，可以承担句子

的其他成分。

非限定性动词不受主语的限定，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容

词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾

语补足语等。

5.同位语：一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充

说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的

格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用

逗点隔开;同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers'.（a friend of my brothers'是受词Tom的同位语，指同一人）

He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语，与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)

6.从句：就是用一个句子取代一个简单句中的某个成分，就成了对应的从

句。比如，用一个句子取代主语，那就成了主语从句；同理，取代宾语

（又称受词，是指一个动作的接受者），成了宾语从句；取代表语（说明

主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副

词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词be, become,

appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后，成表语从句；最后补一

个解释名词内容的同位语从句，这四种从句合称名词性从句。

7.长句理解

四级阅读文章中为例：Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a

series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like

Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off

coupon

主干：Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests...

1.Privacy economist和Alessandro Acquisti互为同位语并作主语;

2.run 为主干的限定动词，有时态变化（现在完成时）

3.test 为中心名词

4.that引导的是tests的定语从句

5.people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers

just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon为reveal的宾语

从句(reveal后省略了that)，其中like Social Security numbers为

personal information的后置定语

6.to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon为目的状语。run此

处的意思是“运营

译文：隐私经济学家Alessandro Acquisti 进行了一系列的测试，这些测试表明人们会透露像社保卡号这样的个人信息，就只是为了能拿到微不足道的便宜50美分的优惠券。

二．区分facts&opinions（新应用大学英语115页）. 写作目的（新应用大学英语93页）

三．读文章、写作、口语表达时抓住5个W 1个H：what, when, where, why, who, how 。先陈诉或找到为什会发生这件事（why, where, when，who）或者这件事是什么(what，who,where,when)，再来分析怎么解决（how，what）。

证明自己的观点（opinions）时请多列举事实（facts）.

四．英语新闻：

2019.03：

1. A second person has experienced sustained （持久的）remission(缓解)

from HIV-1, according to the journal Nature. Some scientists believe that the “London patient”has been effectively cured of the viral infection.The published case report of the London patient comes more than 10 years after the first case, known as the “Berlin patient.”Both patients were treated with stem cell （干细胞）transplants from donors who carried a rare genetic mutation（突变，变化）, known as CCR5-delta32, that made them resistant to HIV.

2.No matter what trade deal is struck, the US and China are worlds apart.

Huawei is the proof. Top negotiators from the US and China will meet yet again in Beijing on Thursday and Friday, in the latest attempt by the world's two largest economies to hammer out trade deal.

3.The European Union decided to ban plastic consumer items including

plates, cutlery and straws as of 2021 to help clean up oceans.

4.Women driving in Saudi Arabia resulted in drop of drivers in households.

5. A drug-resistant superbug fungus has sickened nearly 600 people across

the United States.

2019.04：

1.French President Emmanuel Macron pledged Tuesday to rebuild Paris’

beloved Notre Dame Cathedral “even more beautifully” after a raging fire destroyed its spire and its roof but spared most of the structure, including the