2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：96

2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Modem international joint ventures are more dynamic and different from （1）subsidiaries and similar organizational forms in the past, so traditional control systems may not be applicable. New forms of international management have not been studied very much in their own right - for example,
（2） on the use of accounting and other information to evaluate performance. Organizational design should include control mechanisms when an IJV is planned. The Macquarie Group, for example, boasts that the key to its success is a unique management style that provides individual businesses with a balance between
（3）freedom, controls on risk limits and observance of professional standards. The group’s argument is that this policy encourages a sense of ownership and entr epreneurship and has produced
（4） major financial innovations.
Competent international managers consider also the varying levels of control by different parties to joint ventures. They are usually easier to manage either if one parent plays a dominant role in daily operations or if the local general manager has considerable management control (
5） both parents out of most of the daily operations).
In any case, the more issues
（6） before a merger, the less
（7）to break up. Control over stability and success is built largely into initial agreements. Contracts specify responsibilities and rights. Where ownership is unequal, control and staffing choices
（8） .. ownership share. In particular, choices of general managers influence relative allocation of control because they are responsible for running the venture and for coordinating relationships. Where ownership is divided among several partners, the parents tend to
（9） daily operations to the local venture managers because this avoids many potential disputes. In addition, increased autonomy of the venture tends to reduce many common human resource problems such as staffing friction,
（10）communication and clashing organizational cultures, resulting from conflicting goals and working practices.
问题1选项
A.adjacent
B.host
C.fully owned
D.partly shared
问题2选项
A.little research has been undertaken
B.a little research has been undertaken
C.much research has been done
D.they have undertaken the research
问题3选项
A.operation
B.operated
C.operative
D.operating
问题4选项
A.streams of
B.a stream of
C.a lot
D.lots
问题5选项
A.making
B.avoiding
C.turning
D.keeping
问题6选项
A.which have been raised
B.put up
C.that have been settled
D.discussed
问题7选项
A.possibility there is
B.likely it is
C.impossible it is
D.possible
问题8选项
A.will be proportionate to
B.will be proportionate
C.will proportionate
D.will be proportional 问题9选项
A.employ
B.empower
C.divide
D.delegate
问题10选项
A.blocked
B.blocking
C.coded
D.coding
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:D
第6题:C
第7题:B
第8题:B
第9题:B
第10题:A
【解析】（1）考查逻辑关系。

adjacent意为“邻近的，毗邻的”；host意为“主办，主持，东道主”；fully owned 意为“完成拥有”；partly shared意为“部分共享”；由空格后的subsidiaries（子公司）可知选C最符合逻辑，fully owned subsidiaries意为“全资子公司，完全控制子公司”。

（2）考查逻辑关系。

由前面的 have not been studied very much可知句子为否定意义，故所举的例子也应含否定意义，little作形容词时，意为“几乎没有”，相当于一个否定词。

a litter意为“有一点，有一些”，表示肯定的意思。

因此选A。

（3）考查分词。

operate意为“运转，操作”，现在分词修饰某个名词，表示某人/某物本身具有这个现在分词所表示的特征，此处意为“这种风格为个体工商户提供运营自由，风险限制控制和遵守专业标准之间的平衡”。

（4）考查固定搭配。

a stream of 为固定搭配，意为“一连串，大量的的”；a lot是副词性短语，
修饰动词；lots不单独适用，后面一般接of。

此句意为：这组的论点是，这一政策鼓励了主人翁意识和创业精神，并产生了大量的重要金融创新。

（5）考查词义辨析。

make out of意为“用……制造出”；turn out of意为“把……逐出”；keep out
of意为“（使）不入……内，（使）置身于……之外”。

此处表示“将母公司置身于大部分日常事务之外”，因此选C
（6）考查逻辑关系。

the more...the less意为“越……越……”，由前后逻辑关系可知，在合并前……问题越多，之后出现分裂的……就越少，C选项最符合逻辑，解决问题越多，就越……
（7）考查逻辑关系。

the more...the less意为“越……越……”，由前后逻辑关系可知，在合并前……问题越多，之后出现分裂的……就越少，B选项最合逻辑，分裂的可能性就越少。

此句意为：无论如何，和平前解决的问题越多，以后就越少可能出现分裂。

（8）考查词义辨析。

be proportionate to意为“相称，相当”；be proportionate意为“成比例”；proportionate意为“成比例的”；proportional意为“比例的”。

此处表示“在所有权不平等的情况下，管理和员工配置使所有权份额……”，因此选B。

（9）考查动词辨析。

employ意为“雇佣”；empower意为“授权”；divide意为“分开”；delegate 意为“委托，选派”，委派的代表(通常是参见谈判、会谈、协商、交流的)。

此处表示“双方将授权当地企业管理者日常操作权”，因此选B。

（10）考查固定搭配。

blocked communication意为“沟通阻碍”。

2.
单选题
The Red Cross appealed to philanthropy to save a life of a prisoner.
问题1选项
A.public
B.charity
C.justice
D.attorney
【答案】B
【解析】考查同义名词辨析。

A选项public“公众，社会，公共场所”；B选项charity“慈善，慈善团体”；C选项justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；D选项attorney“律师，代理人，检察官”。

句意：红十字会呼吁慈善事业来拯救一名囚犯的生命。

Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事业”，B选项与该单词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

3.
翻译题
3.正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。

一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。

对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。

虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望。

只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。

【答案】【参考译文】
3.We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.
4.
单选题
Many countries have now succeeded in （）the malarial mosquito.
问题1选项
A.erasing
B.eradicating
C.abolishing
D.demolishing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

erase意为“清除，消除，擦掉”，多指清除债务，记忆等；eradicate意为“摧毁，完全根除”，强调彻底清楚；abolish意为“废除，废止”，一般指废除有关习俗、制度、法律、制度等；demolish意为“摧毁，拆毁”，多指拆掉建筑物。

句意：许多国家现已成功根除疟疾蚊子。

5.
单选题
Do you think he will relinquish his seat in the Senate?
问题1选项
A.admonish
B.give up
C.cede
D.accept
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

relinquish意为“(尤指不情愿地) 放弃”；admonish意为“劝告”；give up 意为“放弃”，指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃；cede意为“让给，割让（常表示被迫）”；accept意为“接受，同意”。

句意：你认为他会放弃他在参议院的席位吗？
6.
翻译题
1.当前和今后一个时期，中国经济将继续保持健康发展势头，国内需求特别是消费需求将持续扩大，对外投资也将大幅增加。

据测算，今后5年，中国将进口10万亿美元左右的商品，对外投资规模将达到5000亿美元，出境旅游有可能超过4亿人次。

【答案】【参考译文】
1.At present and in the future period, China will continue to maintain its healthy growth trend. Its domestic demand, particularly consumption-driven demand will continue to grow and its investment in foreign countries will increase greatly. It is estimated that in the next five years, China will import about US $10 trillion of goods, foreign investment will reach US $500 billion, and outbound tourism may exceed 400 million people. 7.
单选题
Although some people advocate terrorists, love of peace is the（）feeling of many people today.
问题1选项
A.dominant
B.predominant
C.paramount
D.preeminent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

dominant意为“占优势的，占支配地位的”，强调权威；predominant意为“主要的，占主导地位的”，侧重主要的，有优势的；paramount意为“最高的，至上的” ；preeminent 意为“卓越的，杰出的”。

句意：虽然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子，但热爱和平是当今很多人的主要态度。

8.
单选题
Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological ages that have been preserved in the Earth's crust
问题1选项
A.registers
B.residue
C.profusion
D.precursors
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

trace意为“踪迹，痕迹”；register意为“注册，登记”；residue意为“残留物，残渣”；profusion 意为“大量，众多”；precursor意为“先驱，先锋”。

句意：化石是过去地质时代的动植物在地壳中保存下来的痕迹。

9.
单选题
After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and （）that a gust of wind might have blown him away.
问题1选项
A.flimsy
B.powerless
C.frail
D.faint
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

flimsy意为“劣质的，不结实的，薄而易损坏的”；powerless意为“无影响力的，无权的，无能为力”；frail意为“脆弱的，虚弱的”；faint意为“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。

由句中的long illness（长期生病）和thin（瘦小的）可知选C。

句意：这位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虚弱以致于一直狂风就可能把他吹走。

10.
单选题
She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would legitimize her long effort.
问题1选项
A.justify
B.testify
C.rectify
D.verify
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

legitimize意为“使合法化，证明……为有理（或正当）”；justify意为“证明……有理”；testify意为“作证”；rectify意为“改正，校正”；verify意为“核实，查对”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到确定所得到的结果可以证明自己长久以来的努力是有理由的。

11.
单选题
This product is（）to change without notice.
问题1选项
A.despite
B.evil
C.subject
D.crust
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。

be subject to“受支配，从属于；常遭受……；有……倾向的”。

A选项despite 的常用搭配有in despite of / despite of不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speak evil of 说坏话；诽谤/ do evil 作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（）更换，恕不另行通知。

根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。

12.
单选题
His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in（）to his income.
问题1选项
parison
B.proportion
C.association
D.calculation
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。

A选项in comparison to“与，与……相比，与……比较而言”；B选项in proportion to“与……成比例的；与……相称的”，反义词词组是out of proportion；C选项association“协会，联合，联想”，没有in association to这个说法；D选项calculation“计算，估计，计算的结果，深思熟虑”，也没有in calculation to这个说法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。

因此B选项正确。

13.
单选题
Complacency has led to some appalling ecological（）.
问题1选项
A.damages
B.tragedies
C.catastrophes
D.dangers
【答案】C
【解析】查名词辨析。

damage意为“损害、毁坏”等时，是不可数名词，意为“价钱、费用”时，是可数名词，意为“赔偿费”时，必须用其复数形式。

tragedy意为“悲剧，惨剧”；catastrophe意为“灾难，灾祸”；danger意为“危险”，泛指“危险”时，danger是不可数名词,指具体的“危险、危险物、可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人”时，是可数名词。

句意：自满导致了一些可怕的生态灾难。

14.
单选题
Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.
Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.
Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau’s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.
Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
2.In the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that （）.
3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?
问题1选项
A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.
B.Forces that made the Grand Canyons.
C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.
D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.
问题2选项
A.it was caused by some ancient convulsion
B.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of Colorado
C.it looks like an injury on the Earth’s surface
D.it is caused many visitors to injure themselves
问题3选项
A.Its contours are constantly changing.
B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.
C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.
D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

文章第一段介绍了大峡谷主要是由于缓慢而有序的侵蚀作用形成；第二三段对大峡谷形成的原因和过程进行了仔细分析；最后一段进一步介绍大峡谷的进一步形成是由于各种力的作用。

因此B选项“大峡谷形成的各种力”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。

由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the cany on had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峡谷的边缘，凝视着地球表面这个巨大的伤痕，游客可能会认为峡谷是由一些古老的震动造成的）可知C选项“看上去像是地球表面的伤痕”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

由文章最后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（缓慢地向后推进高原，旁边的峡谷露出新的岩石，侵蚀模式继续进行）可知大峡谷的轮廓在不断变化，因此选A。

15.
单选题
Medieval travelers' tales of fantastic creatures were often fascinating but not always（）. 问题1选项
A.credible
B.creditable
C.conceivable
D.credulous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

credible意为“可信的，可靠的”通常指人物、言语、历史、故事等的可信；creditable意为“值得称赞的，带来荣誉的，可信的”，通常指人的行为，表现或工作而言；conceivable 意为“可想到的，可想像的”；credulous意为“轻信的，易受骗的”。

由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，tale表示“传说，传言”，因此选A。

句意：中世纪旅行者关于神奇生物的故事常常引人入胜，但并不总是可信的。