4. 非谓语动词(一)+完形填空(学生版) 高三高考会考英语总复习 知识点

非谓语动词与逻辑主语
间的主被动关系
doing （动作和谓语动词同时发生，或者基本上同时发生）
主动
having done （动作在谓语动词之前发生）
to do（动作在谓语动词之后发生）
done（动作在谓语动词之前已结束，或者不强调动作发生的具体时间）
被动
being done（动作和谓语动词同时发生） having been done（动作在谓语动词之前发生）
to be done（动作发生在非谓语动词之后）
现对这七种非谓语动词举例如下：
（1）The tower standing in the center of the square is the symbol of the city.
（现在分词standing作 ，表示 。）
（2）Standing in the center of the square, the tower is the symbol of the city.
。这时分词所表示
的动作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是“某人在做某事时就开始做某事”，容易产
生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置
转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成
例句
用法要点
Walking around the park, the old lady suddenly saw a wallet.
主动+进行
Having received all kinds of awards, the actress decided 主动+完成
to retire.
Having been put into prison for twenty years, the man is 被动+完成
（being threatened作 ，表示
。）
（7）He found a good house to live in. （ to live in 作 ，表示 。）
（8）He worked hard to earn enough money for a new house.（to earn 作 ，表示 ）
1. 不定式作状语
（1）不定式作状语，可以表目的。 【注意：逗号后通常不可加不定式】 ① He came to help me with my maths.
② To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
（2）不定式作状语，可以表结果，经常是
。如：
1. 非谓语动词可以充当的句子成分
不定式 动名词 分词
主语 √ √
宾语 √ √
补语 √
√
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √
√
2. 非谓语动词的各种变体及意义
非谓语动词有一般体、进行体和完成体和被动的变体，它们的意义和形式如下：
主被动 一般式
to do
主动 被动
to do to be done
完成式 （强调非谓语动作 先于谓语动作完成） to have done to have been done
② All night long he lay awake, thinking of theห้องสมุดไป่ตู้problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
（5）作原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词（短
语），以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示原因。 ① Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因病呆在家中。 ② Not knowing her address, I can't write to her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。
totally despaired.
Being attacked by a serious disease, people in the village 被动+进行
show their courage to the world.
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分
句简洁、明快。
① My train leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten.＝... and will arrive in Chicago at ten.
②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay
（9）Having devoted their entire life to the nation, the scientists are honored by the president.
（having devoted作 ，表示
。）
（10）Having been completely destroyed by the storm, the bridge is out of use.
进行式 （强调非谓语动作 与谓语动作同时发生） to be doing
doing done
主动 被动 被动
doing being done done
having done having been done
上表中列出了各种非谓语动词的变体。高考中常考下表中的七种非谓语动词。
根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系，我们可以将高考中常考的七种非谓语动词分类如下：
被动+完成
He seldom bought expensive clothes to save money.
To see the painting clearly, the old man had to put on his 主动+目的 glasses.
To be finished on time, the work requires great efforts. 被动+将来
here.＝... and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
3. 过去分词作状语
（1）过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：
① Asked (
) what had happened, he lowered his head.
② Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
）the
（4）作伴随状语（非常常见的一类非谓语作状语）
伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
① He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。
（having been destroyed作 ，表示
。）
【注意】having (been) done不作定语。
1 The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes closed for a minute.
A. 定语
③ I hurried to his house only to find he was out.
（3）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式表原因。如：
④ I'm very glad to see you.
⑤ I'm sorry to hear about your failure in business.
式，仍用一般式。例如： ①Having watered the flowers(＝
grass.
), he began to cut the
他把花浇好后，开始割草。 ②Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。 ③Hearing the footstep below(＝ the stairs.
B. 状语
C. 宾语
D. 补语
2 Once Johnny starts painting a picture，he won't stop until it is finished.
A. 定语
B. 状语
C. 宾语
D. 补语
3 Knowing that she was not like anyone else in Yanira's life, Nancy thought it was great to get to
（现在分词standing作 ，表示 。）
（3）The teacher killed in the earthquake is respected by the whole nation.
（过去分词killed作 ，表示 。)
（4）Killed in the earthquake, the teacher is respected by the whole nation.
③ Not having done(＝
)his homework, he stayed at home.
（6）作条件状语 Taking (＝
) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
（7）起补充说明作用
现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表
), he rose and went to the top of
听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。 （2）作方式状语
① But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks. （3）作结果状语
① I thought he was making fun of me, and ran faster than ever, reaching (＝ school yard quite out of breath.
2. 现在分词作状语
总而言之，分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）除了不作目的状语外，几乎可充当所有的状语。
（1）作时间状语
A. 如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或
when。
①Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.(＝
know her and to watch her change, grow and learn.
A. 定语
B. 状语
C. 宾语
D. 补语
二、作状语
能够充当状语的非谓语动词有不定式和分词，以及它们的变体
充当状语的非谓语动词 doing having done having been done being done done to do to be done
非谓语动词（一）+完形填空
学习目标 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本分类和意义。 2. 掌握非谓语动词作状语和定语的用法。 3. 掌握综合练习中的重点词汇和短语。
一、概念和分类
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词形式的 一种。
非谓语动词包括：不定式、动名词和分词。它们的核心意义是： 不定式： 、 动名词： 现在分词： 、 过去分词： 、
，they...)
听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。
B. 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用
（过去分词killed作 ，表示 。）
（5）The nation being threatened by nuclear radiation is calling for help.
（being threatened作 ，表示
。）
（6）Being threatened by nuclear radiation, the nation is calling for help.