高中英语名词用法详解

名词用法详解

名词是用来表示人名、地名、时间名称、事件名称及抽象概念的词，有专有名词和普通名词之分，还有可数名词与不可数名词之分。

Ⅰ名词的基本分类

1、专有名词：指人或物所特有的名字，通常是人名、地名、书报刊名、团体组

例1：The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _____ in Beijing of China, which _____ known to us all.

A. is to hold; is

B. is to be held; was

C. are to hold; is

D. are to be held; is

例2：The United states made up of 50 states

A.is b.has C.are D.have

2、普通名词：指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称。

1）个体名词：指作为个体而存在的人或物。bird, car, computer, doctor, message, work, novel, movie

2）集体名词：指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。army, class, cattle, family, group, police, public, staff，audience

★注意：由于本身就是复数意义，通常不再通过加s变成复数，但是在主谓一致关系中要看是否表示整体，如果强调的是组成该集体的个体概念时谓语动词用复数，如果表示整体要用单数。

people, police, cattle 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

class, family，team 作整体时，动词用单数。作成员时，动词用复数。

例1：1. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.

A. is

B. had

C. were

D. was

例2：At present, Zhang’s family __rather big, with twelve people in all.

A. is

B. are

C. being

D. was

例3：The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.

A. were; were

B. was; were

C. were; was

D. was; was

例4：The team ____ having a meeting.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

例5：In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle is

B. cattle are

C. cattles are

D. the cattles are

3）物质名词：指无法分解为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、金属等名称的词。brick, cloth, cotton, earth, glass, paper, plastic, sand, beef, chicken, duck, fish, bread, sugar, water, rain, gas, ink, petrol, smoke, fog, air

4) 抽象名词：指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念及学科、疾病

等名称的词。honesty 诚实 kindness 仁慈 imagination 想象力 wisdom 智慧patience 耐心courage 勇气surprise 惊讶feeling 情感appreciation 欣赏anger 愤怒 sorrow 悲伤 happiness 幸福 joy 高兴danger 危险celebration庆祝blame 责备behavior 行为argument争论discovery发现 maths 数学 physics 物理cancer 癌症honor 荣誉success 成功failure 失败information信息

例1：He is a success as a leader but he hasn't ____ in teaching.

A. an experience

B. much experience

C. many experiences

D. a lot experience

例2：During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ____.A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks

例3：If you don't take much ____, you'll get fat.

A. medicine

B. lessons

C. photos

D. exercise

5）复合名词：是指两个名词直接连在一起构成的复合词。daylight 白昼birthday 生日headmaster校长grandparents 祖父母bookshelf 书架passer-by 过路人 swimming pool 游泳池blackboard 黑板 income 收入outcome 结果，成果sister-in-law 嫂子 father-in-law 岳父 son-in-law 女婿

Ⅱ名词的数

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1、可数名词：能用具体数字来计数的名词。可以单独和冠词、数词连用。如：an engineer,two factories.