2.11 十分钟英语史1

Chapter three, Shakespeare
• The history of English in ten minutes. Chapter three, Shakespeare, or a plaque on both his houses. • 十分钟内了解英国历史。第三章，莎士比亚，或曰两处住所的纪念碑。 （注1） • As the dictionary tells us about 2,000 new words and phrases were invented by William Shakespeare. • 就如字典告诉我们的，大约2000个新单词和短语是莎士比亚造出来的。 • He gave us handy words like eyeball, puppydog and anchovy and more show-offy words like dauntless, besmirch and lacklustre. He came up with the word alligator soon after he ran out of the things to rhyme with crocodile. And the nation of tea drinkers finally took into their hearts when he invented the hob-nob. • 他 留给我们一些随处可见的词，如“眼球”，“小狗”和“鳀鱼”， 以及更多卖弄炫技的词，如“无所畏惧”，“玷污”和“暗淡无光”。 他遍寻事物来与“鳄鱼” (crocodile)押韵，最终想出来“短吻 鳄”(alligator)这个词。他创造出了“共饮”这个词，遂在英国这个品 茶爱好者的国度深得人心。
《英国公开大学:10分钟英语史》
• • • • • 第1集“盎格鲁撒克逊人” 第2集“诺曼人入侵” 第3集“莎士比亚” 第4集“钦定版《圣经》‖ 第5集“科学英语”
《英国公开大学:10分钟英语史》
• • • • • 第6集“英语和帝国” 第7集“词典时代” 第8集“美式英语” 第9集“互联网英语” 第10集“全球英语”
• While they were away, Christian missionaries stole in bringing with them leaflets about jumble sales and more Latin. Christianity was a hit with the locals and made them much happier to take on funky new words like ‗martyr‘, ‗bishop‘ and ‗font‘. • 当他们离开的时候，基督教传教士溜了进来，随身带来了 义卖传单和更多的拉丁语。基督教在当地轰动一时，让他 们乐于接受时髦的新词，比如“殉道者”，“主教”和 “洗礼盆”。 • Along came the Vikings, with their action-man words like ‗drag‘, ‗ransack‘, ‗thrust‘ and ‗die‘. They may have raped and pillaged but they were also into ‗give‘ and ‗take‘ – two of around 2000 words that they gave English, as well as the phrase ‗watch out for that man with the enormous axe.‘ • 同时到来的还有北欧海盗，以及他们雷厉风行的词汇，比 如“拖”，“掠夺”，“刺”，“死亡”。他们可能奸淫 掳掠过，但他们同样热衷于“给予”和“索取”——这是 他们带到英语中的约2000个词汇中的2个。他们带来的还 有这个习语：“小心挥舞着巨大斧头的人！”
• Shakespeare knew the power of catchphrases as well as biscuits. Without him, we would never eat oБайду номын сангаасr flesh and blood out of house and home. We would have to say good riddance to the green-eyed monster and breaking the ice would be as dead as a doornail.
Chapter 1. Anglo-Saxon
• The History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter 1. AngloSaxon or whatever happened to the Jutes. • 十分钟了解英语历史。第一章，盎格鲁撒克逊人或曰朱特 人发生什么了。 • The English language begins with the phrase ‗Up Yours Caesar!‘ as the Romans leave Britain and a lot of Germanic tribes started flooding in, tribes such as the Angles and the Saxons – who together gave us the term Anglo-Saxon, and the Jutes – who didn‘t. • 当罗马人离开英国，大量日耳曼部落开始涌入，包括盎格 鲁人和撒克逊人（他们留下了“盎格鲁撒克逊”这个称 呼），以及朱特人（没有留下什么痕迹），从此英语中有 了这样的短语：“去你的凯撒！”
• The Romans left some very straight roads behind, but not much of their Latin language. The Anglo-Saxon vocab was much more useful as it was mainly words for simple everyday things like ‗house‘, ‗woman‘, ‗loaf‘ and ‗werewolf‘. • 罗马人留下了一些笔直的道路，但没留下多少拉丁语。盎 格鲁撒克逊的语汇更有用，因为主要是关于日常生活的词， 比如“房子”，“女人”，“面包”和“狼人”。 • Four of our days of the week - Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday were named in honour of AngloSaxon gods, but they didn‘t bother with Saturday, Sunday and Monday as they had all gone off for a long weekend. • 一周的四天——周二，周三，周四和周五的命名都是为了 纪念盎格鲁撒克逊的神明。但是周六，周日和周一并没受 到影响，因为人们都出发去度过漫长的周末了。
• All in all, the English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, though they still couldn't grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The "bon-ami" all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of "armies", "navies" and "soldiers" and began the Hundred Years' War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point, no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power. • 总的来说，英语从诺曼人那里吸收了差不多10,000个词汇， 但依然没有掌 握贴面礼的要诀。当英国采用了新的军事 行话，如“军队”、“海军”、“士兵”之时，英法两国 的“好朋友关系”彻底结束，并开始了百年战争。这场战 争实际上 持续了116年，而到战争结束时，没有人再看重 法语，英语成为了占据统治地位的语言。
• Latin was still used "ad nauseam" in church, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him. Words like "cow", "sheep" and "swine" come from the English-speaking farmers. While the "a la carte" versions "beef", "mutton" and "pork" come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus. • 拉丁语依然“令人生厌”的应用于各个教堂，但普通人讲 英语，只能通过放慢语速和提高音量来让人听懂，达成沟 通。有些词如“公牛”，“羊”和 “猪”，源自说英语 的农民。而“菜单”上的版本“牛肉”，“羊肉”和“猪 肉”则源自说法语的有钱人，餐馆制定让人完全读不懂的 菜单的持续趋势，就是从那时 开始的。
The history of English in 10 minutes
The history of English in 10 minutes
• 由Clive Anderson配音，本课程以轻松娱 乐的方式将长达1600年的英语史压缩进10 段1分钟左右的短片，展现了从莎士比亚时 期、詹姆斯钦定版圣经到美式英 语、网络 语言中的英文单词和短语的词源。本课基 于各种引人入胜的史实，带观众浏览了英 语史，以及英语在21世纪的发展和未来。
Chapter Two, The Norman Conquest
• The History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter Two, The Norman Conquest or Excuse My English. • 十分钟了解英语历史。第二章，诺曼人入侵或曰原谅我的 英语 • 1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book and the duty-free Galois's multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge", "jury", "evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start. • 1066 年，名副其实的征服者William入侵英国，从海峡对 岸带来了新的概念，诸如法语，末日裁判书， 免税的伽 罗瓦盒装包。法语在处理所有公事时，都是“社交礼仪上 必要的”语言。例如“法官”，“陪审团”，“证据”和 “正义"等外来词，使得约翰-格里森姆 的事业起飞。