高中英语之状语从句讲义

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状语从句

一、基本概念

定义:在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起,也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起,有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类(见下表):

状语从句类别

时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句

1.时间状语从句:

在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致,一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,又可分类如下:

(1) 表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有:when (当……的时候), while(当……的时候), as(当……的时候), as soon as(一……就……), once(一旦……)等。如:

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.(while含有对比的意思)

我洗地板的时候,你可以擦窗户。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.

我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.

我一有他的答复就给你打电话。

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

你一旦见过他,就不会忘了他的。

(2) 表示先时或后时,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后,主要连词有:after (在……后), before (在……之前), when (=after)等。如:

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.(从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,所以从句用了过去完成时)孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.(主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,所以主句用了过去完成时)他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

It was not long before I forgot it all. (It is / was / will

be …before…是常用句型)

He ran off before I could stop him.

(主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生,时态一致)

我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义) (3) 表示习惯性、经常性,即从句描述的不是一次性动作,而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每当)等。例如:

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

每当我们遇上困难的时候,他们就来帮我们。

Each time he came to town he would visit our school.

他每次进城,总要来看看我们的学校。

Every time I went to his house, he was out.

我每次去他家,他都出去了。

(4)表示持续性或瞬间性,主要连词有:since(自从), ever since (自从), until(直到……才/为止), till(直到……才/为止)等。如:

It is just a week since we arrived here.(It is /was… since…是常用句型)

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 (主句的动作或状态持续时间较短,不能用ever since)

You have been reading to me ever since James went out.(ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since. ( ever since 可以放在句末, since则不能)

这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了,从此就一直不响了。My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since. 我叔叔于1951年去了西藏,从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened. 事情一切正常,直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me. (但Until he told

me, I knew nothing about it. “till”不位于句首。)他告诉我了我才知道。

2.地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where(在……的地方), wherever(无论哪里)引导的:Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。You’d better make a mark wh ere you have a question.

(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句) 哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was .

他无论在什么地方,总是与我们保持联系。

3.原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as(由于), because(因为), since(既然), now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)等连词引导:

I do it because I like it.

因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)

He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.

他不可能见过我,因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

由于好些人都没到会,我们决定延期开会。

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