状语从句与非谓语动词的转化(写作)

状语从句与非谓语动词的转化
一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。

1.当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。

如： When they heard the news，they jumped with joy.
Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.
2.当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。

如： After he(had）returned home，he began to work.
Having returned home，he began to work.
3.当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。

如： Since I saw you last，I have been ill.
Since seeing you last，I have been ill.
As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.
On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.
4.当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when /while加现在分词短语转换。

如While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting.
While walking along the river，we heard some one shouting.
5.当主、从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是被动语态时,可用过去分词短语转换。

如:After they were sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. Sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health.
6.当主、从句的主语不一致时，时间状语从句可转换成分词的独立主格结构，即名词/主格代词＋分词。

After the meeting was over，the students went out of the hall. The meeting being over，the students went out of the hall.
After her mother had passed away，she had to take care of her sister.
Her mother having passed away，she had to take care of her sister.
二、非谓语动词与原因状语从句间的转换
1.当主、从句的主语一致时，可将原因状语从句转换成现在分词短语。

如：Because she was ill，she couldn’t go to school.
Being ill，she couldn’t go to school.
As he had worked among the workers，he knew them very well. Having worked among the workers，he knew them very well.
2.当主、从句主语一致，且从句的谓语是被动语态，可用过去分词短语转换。

如： As he was born in Shanghai，he knew the city very well. Born in Shanghai，he knew the city very well.
3.当主、从句的主语不一致时，可把从句转换成分词的独立主格结构。

如： Because everyone in this city knew the teacher，we had no trouble in finding his house.
Everyone in this city knowing the teacher，we had no trouble in finding his house.
As the key was lost，she couldn’t enter the room .
The key lost，she couldn’t enter the room .由于丢了钥匙, 她进不了房间。

4.当从句的谓语动词表示否定时，用分词的否定式转换。

如： Because we didn’t know his address，we couldn’t get in touch with him.
Not knowing his address，we couldn’t get in touch with him .
As he hadn’t received a reply，he decided to write another letter to her.
Not having received a reply，he decided to write another letter to her.
三、非谓语动词与目的状语从句间的转换
1.以so that/in order that引导目的状语从句，主从句主语一致时，用to do/in order to do/so as to do等不定式短语转换。

如： He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the train. He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the train.他起得很早, 以便赶上那趟火车。

2.用不定式的复合结构for sb.to do转换。

如： He stood on the rock so that/in order that we could see him clearly.
He stood on the rock for us to see him clearly.
3.当从句是否定句时，用not to do/in order not to do/so as not to do转换。

如： He went out so that/in order that he couldn’t cry in public. He went out not to/so as not to/in order not to cry in public.
四、非谓语动词与结果状语从句间的转换
1.结果状语从句以 so...that/such + a（n）+ 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句或so+ 形容词 + a（n）+ 可数名词单数 + that从句形式出现， that引导的肯定句可转换为 so...as to do或enough to do结构。

如： He is so strong a man/such a strong man that he can carry the big stone.
He is so strong as to/strong enough to carry the big stone.
2.such +形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+ that引导的状语从句也可用so...as to do或enough to do结构转换。

如： These are such short assignments that they can be finished by me.
The assignments are so short that they can be finished by me.
The assignments are so short as to be finished by me.
The assignments are short enough to be finished by me.作业很少, 我能做完。

3.当主从句的主语不一致时，可用so...as for sb.to do或enough for sb.to do结构转换。

如： The girl spoke so slowly that we could understand her.
The girl spoke so slowly as for us to understand.
The girl spoke slowly enough for us to understand.
4.当结果状语从句是否定式时，可用too...to do /so...as not to do /not...enough to do结构转换。

如： He is such a young boy/so young a boy that he can’t go to school.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young as not to go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.。