Starter-50个短语与语法归纳

Starter语法归纳

一、名词

名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。不可数名词是不能用个数来计量的，如water, milk, bread, juice, rice等；而可数名词分为单数和复数。

（一）单数变复数：

(1)直接在名词后面加s：students, teachers, boys, girls, books, pens, pencils

(2)以s, x, z, sh, ch结尾的名词在后面加es: watches, dishes, boxes, classes

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词把y变成i再加es: family-families, library-libraries

(4)以f或fe结尾的名词要将f或fe变为v再加es: wolf-wolves, wife-wives, knife-knives

(5)一些特殊的变法：a-e: man-men

①woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen

②oo-ee: foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children

③单复数一样：sheep, deer, people, fish, Chinese, Japanese

(6) tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes，mango-mangoes

(7) 组合形式an apple tree – apple trees, a boy / girl student –boy/girl students

a man/woman teacher –men / women teachers

(二)名词所有格：

名词所有格一般用’s来表示,表示…的。具体构成如下：

(1)单数名词后面直接加’s: Lily’s, Millie’s, David’s, Mr. Wang’s

(2)以s结尾的复数名词后面加’: the twins’ mother, Teachers’ Day, the teachers’ office

(3)不规则的名词复数后面加’s: Children’s Day, Women’s Day

(4)表示共同拥有，只需在最后一个名词后面加’s:

Lily and Lucy’s bedroom, Jim and David’s class room

(5)表示各自拥有，必须在每一个名词后面加’s:

Lily’s and Lucy’s bedrooms, Jim’s and David’s classrooms

二、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词分为主格和宾格。主格一般用作主语，位于句首；宾格一般用作宾语，放在动词和

物主代词分为形容词性物主代词以及名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，后面必须接名词；而名词性物主代词则相当于一个名词，后面不能再接名词。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。

2、That is her ruler.= That ruler is hers.

三、动词

1、动词在句中起着非常重要的作用，它充当句子的谓语。动词分为许多种时态，其中最基

本的是一般现在时。

2、一般现在时表示一般存在的状态或者经常性习惯性发生的动作。它经常与every +时间，

at 8 o’clock, sometimes, often, usually, always等连用。

3、一般现在时态中动词分为原形及第三人称单数。

句子构成：

主语(非第三人称单数)＋动词原形＋其他

主语(第三人称单数)＋动词第三人称单数＋其他

动词第三人称单数构成如下：

(1)直接在动词原形后面加s: works, opens, closes, looks

(2)以ch, sh, x, s, o结尾的动词在后面加es: watches, catches, washes, fixes, passes, misses, goes, does

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词把y变成i再加es: fly-flies, carry-carries, hurry-hurries, study-studies

(4)特殊：have-has, be-is

四、一般现在时的否定句及一般疑问句

(1)改否定句先看句中有没有be动词(is,am,are),有的话，就直接在其后面加否定词not；没有

的话，就在实义动词前加don’t或doesn’t，句中动词用原形。如果原句中有some改成any。

(2)改一般疑问句也先看句中有没有be动词(is,am,are),有的话，直接将其提到句首，句中第

一人称改为第二人称，( I/we/me/us—you, my/our—your, mine/ours---yours) ，some改成any，句尾用问号。如果句中没有be动词，在句首加助动词do或does，句中动词用原形，第一人称改为第二人称，( I/we/me/us—you, my/our—your, mine/ours---yours) , some改成any，句尾用问号。

将下列句子改为否定句，一般疑问句并作肯定否定回答。

1. She is from America.

2. They are in Class Two.

She isn’t from America. They aren’t in Class Two.

Is she from America? Are they in Class Two?

Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

3. I clean the blackboard every day.

4. My mother and my father work in that office.

I don’t clean the blackboard every day.My mother and my father don’t work in that office.

Do you clean the blackboard every day? Do your mother and father work in that office?

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.Yes, the y do. No, they don’t.

5. He gets up at 6:00 in the morning.

6. Mr. Zhang teaches us English.

He doesn’t get up at 6:00 in the morning.Mr. Zhang doesn’t teach us English.

Does he get up at 6:00 in the morning? Does Mr. Zhang teach you English?

Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

五、祈使句

祈使句是表示命令请求的句子，它没有主语，以动词原形开头．其否定句是在动词原形前加Don't。