小学英语专题一名词

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小学英语语法基础知识专题一名词

一、名词的数

1) 规则变化

①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens bag---bags bed---beds

但是 chicken 当小鸡讲时,是可数名词,There are a lot of chickens in the house.

当鸡肉讲时,是不可数, I like eating chicken .

②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,加es.如bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes, watch-watches match

但stomach的复数为stomachs.

注意 mouth month path

③以辅音字母礫结尾的,y变为i,然后再加es.如baby→babies city—cities country--- countries

注意以“元音+y”,直接加s。如:day--days,boy--boys

④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife-knives , half-halves

(wife ,knife,wolf, thief, shelf,self,life , half, leaf)

口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。

例外以f结尾,加S 的情况:gulf(海湾), roof(屋顶), chief(首领), serf(奴

仆),

belief(信仰), proof(证据), 但handkerchief(手帕)---handkerchiefs 或handkerchieves。

口诀:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上

o结尾的名词⑤以

加-es Negro(黑人)—Negroes ,hero(英雄)-heroes, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes

加-s kilo→kilos, photo→photos, , radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos. bamboo—bamboos

zoo---zoos

但zero---zeros或 zeroes

2) 不规则变化

① man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, foot→feet, tooth→

teeth

child-children, mouse→mice , Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchwoman--- Frenchwomen

注意 German(德国人)---Germans , American---Americans , Australian(澳大利亚

人)---Australians

②单复数同形如: Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep, deer→deer

fish—fish 注意 fish作鱼肉讲时不可数。I like eating fish.

fish指鱼时是可数。 He gives me two fish.

基础知识专题 1 小学英语语法.

people, police

,如:③有些名词形式上是单数,实为复数意义,通常被称为复数名词 two people 或a person) 两个人two persons (不说a people,可说a policeman) ,可说不说a policepolice(警察) ten police ( 合成名词变复数④ , bus driver --- bus drivers ,girl friend--- girl friends apple tree→apple trees) 成年人→ grown-ups(passer-by(过路人) → passers-by grown-up

修饰的名词变复数时,两个名词都要变。或woman 注意:被man

woman teacher→women teachers n doctor →men doctors maman driver---men drivers woman nurse---women nurses

), chopsticks clothes, trousers, glasses, scissors(剪刀⑤有些名词只有复数形式,如:

a two-week holiday, an 8-year old girl.

+单数名词形式,如+名词作定语时,常采用数词⑥数词five minutes' walk, two days' leave 另一种常见的形式有

3)不可数名词没有单复数形式,要表示不可数名词的数量,可用以下两种方法。可

用表单位的词修饰不可数名词①a piece of paper two pieces of paper a piece of bread

a bottle of water a cup of coffee

a glass of milk a piece of news

等修饰不可数名词。用a little, little, much, a lot of ,lots of, some, any②

表肯定)一些,一点儿, (There is a little milk in the cup. a little表

否定)几乎没有, There is little milk in the cup. ( little

等修饰a lot of ,lots of ,some, any可数名词表复数时,可用以下词语修饰:拓展 a few, few, many,

可数名词。

There are a few students in the room. ( a few 一些,表肯定)

There are few students in the room. (few 几乎没有,表否定)

二、名词的格

1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加's Tom's knife

①以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加' 如: the teachers' reading room;

②不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's. children's pens women's books

③如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词的后面加's Jane and Helen's room (共有

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