英美报刊选读模拟卷

英美报刊选读模拟卷 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
《英美报刊选读》模拟卷
考试形式：闭卷考试时间：90分钟
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1′= 30′)
1．Blue Berets poll
3. same-sex marriage 4．discount store
5. property tax
7. elevated highways superhighway
9. cellular phone 10. talk show
II. Translate the following sentences. ( 5×6′= 30′)
long as people feel embarrassed, restrained or openly criticized for using a particular language, it’s only natural for them to want to avoid continuing to do what’s causing a negative response, whether it’s something overt like having your mouth washed out or more subtle like discrimination.
the United States and Australia in past decades, the government forced native peoples to abandon their languages through vehicles such as boarding schools that punished youth for speaking a traditional tongue.
the time of last week’s election, she had won over all but the most partisan of critics.
messaging is being used effectively by two colleges in West Yorkshire as a way of communicating with students. As well as sending them reminders about lessons and dealines, the phones are being used for learning games and revision exercises.
meeting certainly produced more than the usual photo ops and spin– and its participants did not go away yelling at one another as they have in the past.
VIII. Reading Comprehension ( 20×2′=40′)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage one: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really
frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advoc ates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.
1. What is the best title for this passage？
A) Advocating Violence.
B) Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
C) Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
D) The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.
2. Recorded history has taught us ___________
A) violence never solves anything. B) nothing.
C) the bloodshed means nothing. D) everything.
3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _____________
A) can’t get a hearing. B) are looked down upon.
C) are persecuted. D) Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.
4. “He was none the wiser” means ________________
A) he was not at all wise in listening.
B) He was not at all wiser than nothing before.
C) He gains nothing after listening.
D) He makes no sense of the argument.
5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is _____________
A) law enforcement. B) knowledge.
C) nonviolence. D) Mopping up the violent mess.
Passage two: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
THE elephants of Thailand used never to be short of work hauling timber. But most of the country's forests have been cut down, and logging is now banned to save the few that are left. The number of domesticated elephants left in the country is now only 2,500 or so, down from about 100,000 a century ago. Though being the national animal of Thailand earns an elephant plenty of respect, this does not put grass on the table. Thai elephants these
days take tourists on treks or perform in circuses, and are sometimes to be seen begging for bananas on the streets of Bangkok.
Some of the 46 elephants living at the Thai Elephant Conservation Centre, a former government logging camp near Lampang, have found a new life in music. The Thai Elephant Orchestra is the creation of two Americans, Richard Lair, who has worked with Asian elephants for 23 years, and David Soldier, a musician and neuroscientist with a taste for the avant-garde. They provided s ix of the center’s elephants, aged seven to 18, with a variety of percussion and wind instruments. Those familiar with Thai instruments will recognize the slit drums, the gong, the bow bass, the xylophone-like rants, as well as the thunder sheet. The only difference is that the elephant versions are a bit sturdier.
Some of the elephants in the band have also tried their hand at painting, tending to favor the abstract over the representational style. Their broad-stroke acrylic paintings last year helped raise some $25,000 at a charity auction at Christie's in New York, and a London gallery has also taken some of their work. These art sales, together with profits from the CD, are helping to keep the centre going. A second CD is on the way. It will be less classical, more pop.
1. The elephants of Thailand now are short of the work they used to do because
_____________
A) they are trained to take tourists on trek.
B) they are trained to play music.
C) the forest-cutting is illegal
D) there is not enough timber for them to haul.
2. The author’s attitude towards these elephants is _______________.
A) astonished B) indescribable C) supportive D) appreciative
3. The two American created the Orchestra in order to ___________
A) earn money B) protect elephants
C) enjoy themselves D) none of the above
4. “trumpet” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ____________
A) jump B) shriek C) move D) shake
5. The elephants do not make money from ___________
A) getting charity from visitors B) selling their paintings
C) selling their own CDs D) all their entertainment work
Passage three: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the . these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, ., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throu ghout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the . interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets.
The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most
aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.
The . banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($ billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the . government. Outlays ($ billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $ billion in earnings to the . Treasury.
Fed of the United States____.
A) functions as China Bank
B) is the counterpart of People’s Bank of China
C) is subject to the banking community and government
D) has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market
fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks____.
A) doesn’t mean the latter is in control
B) means the latter is in c
C) means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banks
D) means the Reserve banks orient the latter’s policies
of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A) The Fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.
B) All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.
C) Board of Governors is the supreme policy-makers of Federal Reserve System.
D) District Reserve banks rather than Board of Governors perform the day to day policies.
4. The authority of the Federal Reserve____.
A) has to be shared with other establishmentsis
B) is exclusive at other times
C) isn’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDIC
D) is limited by Board of Governors
5. Income of the Board of Governors____.
A) is borrowed from the . Treasury
B) is used by the government to make various policies
C) comes from the . Treasury
D) is not granted by the government
Passage four: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve
changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.
Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.
1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to __________
A) curious B) unhappy
C) thoughtful D) uncertain
2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ____________
A) differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of it
B) support Darwin's theory of evolution
C) provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood
D) contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions
3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ____________
A) estimate B) agree
C) expect D) understand
4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of
New Guinea
A) They did not want to be shown photographs.
B) They were famous for their story-telling skills.
C) They knew very little about Western culture.
D) They did not encourage the expression of emotions.
5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed
A) They would become less intense.
B) They would last longer than usual.
C) They would cause problems later.
D) They would become more negative.
英美报刊选读A卷答案
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1′= 30′)
1. 蓝色贝雷帽（联合国维持和平部队）
2.民意调查
3. 同性恋者婚姻
4．折扣店 5.财产税 6.不可雇佣的人 7.高架铁路
8信息高速公路 9. 移动电话 10.访谈节目
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ( 5×6′= 30′)
1．只要是因为使用某种特定的语言让人们感觉到尴尬，拘谨或者公然遭到谴责，那他们很自然地就想要避免继续做正在导致负面反应的事情，不管是像让你讲话变得文明这样公开的还是像歧视这样更为具体的事情。

2．在过去几十年中，在美国和澳大利亚，政府通过诸如惩罚年轻人讲传统语言的
寄宿学校来迫使当地各个原住民族放弃他们的语言。

3．到上星期选举之前，她已经争取到了几乎所有的评论家的支持。

4．西约克郡的两所大学有效利用短消息与学生沟通和交流。

电话不仅用于提醒学
生课程和交作业的截止时间，而且还用来给学生提供学习资料和复习题。

5．当然，此次峰会的成效远远不止于产生了一些具有纪念意义的照片和（各大媒体）粉饰太平似的大肆鼓吹—至少同以往的会议相比，与会者们没有大呼小叫，
互相指责，甚至中途离场。

III. Reading Comprehension. ( 20×2′= 40′)。