商务英语语用学教程课件 Chapter 8 Presupposition(2)
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wealth. You'll get no argument here.
(Businessweek, November 10,
2008)
• >>Gold could provide eternal wealth.
Temporal clauses
• They said I only had $100,000 in my account, and passed me off to some junior guy, since when is $100,000 preceded by only?
send him into the hospital? • 6. When you set fire, have you considered it would
have influence the other buildings? • 7. How did you know that the defendant had bought a
Existential presupposition
• Existential presupposition can be triggered by words and structures which indicate definite meanings.
• E.g.: On the whole, your delivery has been quite satisfactory. We have little to complain about, yet the latest shipment is so disappointing. We feel we must make a complaint.
They are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, state presupposition, belief presupposition, structural presupposition and counter-factual presupposition.
Iterative
• 您若拥有双羽，将不再有冬天! (白光, 2004:146)
• (If you got ShuangYu brand feather dress, you won't feel cold anymore.)
• >>以前经历过冬来自百度文库。
Verbs of judging
• The ad of SPDR • Pharaohs believed gold could provide eternal
• 1. Who went to the holiday resort together with you on 18th, June?
• 2. Do you regret offering the perjury? • 3. John stopped beating his wife. • 4. Has the defendant called you again, yes or no? • 5. After you stabbed Wang Xiaoyong, did you try to
(Businessweek, September 22,
2008)
• >> There had been a time when $100,000 is a big account.
Cleft sentences
• If it wasn't for Winsto, I wouldn't smoke! (崔刚, 1993:43)
Implicative verbs
• 奥琪从未忘记男士们。 (白光, 2003:234)
• (Aoqi has never forgotten men.) • >>男士们不应该被忘记。
Change-of-state verbs
• 近视从这里告别。 (白光, 2004:66)
• (Shortsightedness comes to an end.) • >>存在近视现象。
triggers, since they are very useful clues in guiding us to find out the presuppositions; • Thirdly, presupposition traps can be exposed by combining the presupposition analysis and the psychological or goal analysis together.
Factive Verbs
In fact, no other bank offers Asian businesses as many connections to the West Coast as Security Pacific.
(白光, 2003:199）
>>Only Security Pacific can offer many connections to the West Coast.
• >>I only smoke as long as there is a Winsto brand cigarette.
Comparisons and contrasts
• Lufthansa aircraft • There is no better way to fly.
(崔刚, 1993:151)
•
8. The woman was murdered; the witness saw the
dead body of the woman.
• Summary
• Firstly, we should raise our consciousness; • Secondly, we should be sensitive to the presupposition
2 ways to get presupposition:
1) Negation test 2) Presupposition triggers
1. definite descriptions 确定性的描述 2. factive verbs 实情动词 3. implicative verbs 含蓄动词 4. change of state verbs 表示状态改变的动词 5. iteratives 表示反复的词语 6. verbs of judging 判断性动词 7. adverbial clauses of time 时间状语从句 8. cleft sentences 分裂句 9. structures and expressions indicating comparison表示比较的结构和词语 10. non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句 11. counterfactual conditionals 与事实相反的条件从句 12. questions 问题
• 4. The defendant has ever called you.
• 5. The defendant stabbed Wang Xiaoyong.
• 6. The defendant set fire, which is illegal.
• 7. The defendant had bought a knife.
• >>Lufthansa provides the best service.
Counterfactual conditionals
• 衫杉西服，不要太潇洒。 (白光, 2004:176)
• (Don't be too cool when wearing Shan shan brand suit.)
When answering questions, keep it simple. Speak up, but slowly. If you do not understand a question, ask for it to be repeated or rephrased.
You should be able to predict the direction of the questions, be alert to the fact. Also, pay attention to qualifying phrases: few things in life are “never” or “always”. Be careful of metaphors and analogies. Above all, listen carefully to the question before answering.
Factive presupposition
• Factive presupposition can be triggered by verbs, structures or sentence patterns which indicate facts. So what is presupposed by a factive presupposition must be a fact.
金牌律师
第6集：29:00-36:30 第23集：34:30-（24集）05:25
The common strategies are:
To defend yourself, in the court, it is better to give indirect responses: (1) Giving an irrelevant answer; (2) “I don’t know” and its variations; (3) Correcting questions; (4) Clarifying facts; (5) Remedying questions; (6) Failing to understand questions; (7) Repeating questions.
Definite descriptions
• Experience the most spacious business class seat the world had ever seen.
2008)
(Businessweek, October 27,
• >>There exists a most spacious business class seat.
•Application II:
•Presupposition in business negotiation
Six types of pragmatic presuppositions
Six types of pragmatic presuppositions are generally adopted by the negotiators;
Chapter 8 Presupposition(2)
Contents
1 Review 2 Applicaiton I 3 Application II 4 Assignment
Review
• What is presupposition? • common presupposition triggers
• >>穿上杉杉西服，很潇洒。
Questions
• Who says you can't mix business with pleasure?
(Businessweek, October 27,
2008)
• >>Someone can mix business with pleasure.
2018年全国大学生英语竞赛报名通知
knife? • 8. When did you last see the murdered woman?
• Key:
• 1. You went to the holiday resort on 18th, June.
• 2. The witness offered the perjury.
• 3. John had been beating his wife.
(Businessweek, November 10,
2008)
• >>Gold could provide eternal wealth.
Temporal clauses
• They said I only had $100,000 in my account, and passed me off to some junior guy, since when is $100,000 preceded by only?
send him into the hospital? • 6. When you set fire, have you considered it would
have influence the other buildings? • 7. How did you know that the defendant had bought a
Existential presupposition
• Existential presupposition can be triggered by words and structures which indicate definite meanings.
• E.g.: On the whole, your delivery has been quite satisfactory. We have little to complain about, yet the latest shipment is so disappointing. We feel we must make a complaint.
They are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, state presupposition, belief presupposition, structural presupposition and counter-factual presupposition.
Iterative
• 您若拥有双羽，将不再有冬天! (白光, 2004:146)
• (If you got ShuangYu brand feather dress, you won't feel cold anymore.)
• >>以前经历过冬来自百度文库。
Verbs of judging
• The ad of SPDR • Pharaohs believed gold could provide eternal
• 1. Who went to the holiday resort together with you on 18th, June?
• 2. Do you regret offering the perjury? • 3. John stopped beating his wife. • 4. Has the defendant called you again, yes or no? • 5. After you stabbed Wang Xiaoyong, did you try to
(Businessweek, September 22,
2008)
• >> There had been a time when $100,000 is a big account.
Cleft sentences
• If it wasn't for Winsto, I wouldn't smoke! (崔刚, 1993:43)
Implicative verbs
• 奥琪从未忘记男士们。 (白光, 2003:234)
• (Aoqi has never forgotten men.) • >>男士们不应该被忘记。
Change-of-state verbs
• 近视从这里告别。 (白光, 2004:66)
• (Shortsightedness comes to an end.) • >>存在近视现象。
triggers, since they are very useful clues in guiding us to find out the presuppositions; • Thirdly, presupposition traps can be exposed by combining the presupposition analysis and the psychological or goal analysis together.
Factive Verbs
In fact, no other bank offers Asian businesses as many connections to the West Coast as Security Pacific.
(白光, 2003:199）
>>Only Security Pacific can offer many connections to the West Coast.
• >>I only smoke as long as there is a Winsto brand cigarette.
Comparisons and contrasts
• Lufthansa aircraft • There is no better way to fly.
(崔刚, 1993:151)
•
8. The woman was murdered; the witness saw the
dead body of the woman.
• Summary
• Firstly, we should raise our consciousness; • Secondly, we should be sensitive to the presupposition
2 ways to get presupposition:
1) Negation test 2) Presupposition triggers
1. definite descriptions 确定性的描述 2. factive verbs 实情动词 3. implicative verbs 含蓄动词 4. change of state verbs 表示状态改变的动词 5. iteratives 表示反复的词语 6. verbs of judging 判断性动词 7. adverbial clauses of time 时间状语从句 8. cleft sentences 分裂句 9. structures and expressions indicating comparison表示比较的结构和词语 10. non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句 11. counterfactual conditionals 与事实相反的条件从句 12. questions 问题
• 4. The defendant has ever called you.
• 5. The defendant stabbed Wang Xiaoyong.
• 6. The defendant set fire, which is illegal.
• 7. The defendant had bought a knife.
• >>Lufthansa provides the best service.
Counterfactual conditionals
• 衫杉西服，不要太潇洒。 (白光, 2004:176)
• (Don't be too cool when wearing Shan shan brand suit.)
When answering questions, keep it simple. Speak up, but slowly. If you do not understand a question, ask for it to be repeated or rephrased.
You should be able to predict the direction of the questions, be alert to the fact. Also, pay attention to qualifying phrases: few things in life are “never” or “always”. Be careful of metaphors and analogies. Above all, listen carefully to the question before answering.
Factive presupposition
• Factive presupposition can be triggered by verbs, structures or sentence patterns which indicate facts. So what is presupposed by a factive presupposition must be a fact.
金牌律师
第6集：29:00-36:30 第23集：34:30-（24集）05:25
The common strategies are:
To defend yourself, in the court, it is better to give indirect responses: (1) Giving an irrelevant answer; (2) “I don’t know” and its variations; (3) Correcting questions; (4) Clarifying facts; (5) Remedying questions; (6) Failing to understand questions; (7) Repeating questions.
Definite descriptions
• Experience the most spacious business class seat the world had ever seen.
2008)
(Businessweek, October 27,
• >>There exists a most spacious business class seat.
•Application II:
•Presupposition in business negotiation
Six types of pragmatic presuppositions
Six types of pragmatic presuppositions are generally adopted by the negotiators;
Chapter 8 Presupposition(2)
Contents
1 Review 2 Applicaiton I 3 Application II 4 Assignment
Review
• What is presupposition? • common presupposition triggers
• >>穿上杉杉西服，很潇洒。
Questions
• Who says you can't mix business with pleasure?
(Businessweek, October 27,
2008)
• >>Someone can mix business with pleasure.
2018年全国大学生英语竞赛报名通知
knife? • 8. When did you last see the murdered woman?
• Key:
• 1. You went to the holiday resort on 18th, June.
• 2. The witness offered the perjury.
• 3. John had been beating his wife.