抗生素基本知识(英文PPT)The ABC′s of Antibiotics

Gram. (+)
Gram. (-)
Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftizoxime
-
+++ MSSA, MSSE,
PRSTP
Not Enterococcus
+++
Not ideal for Staph.
Not Enterococcus
++
Not ideal for Staph.
M o rax e lla
Few Klebsiella
+++
No increased activity for
Pseudomonas
+++
No increased activity for
Pseudomonas
+++
+++ +++
CNS -
-
Antibiotic Essentials’ (4)
Antibiotic Gram. (+)
Not Enterococcus
+++
AntipseudLeabharlann Baidumonal
++
Not antipseudomonal
++
Not antipseudomonal
++
Not antipseudomonal
Anaerobes -
++ ++
CNS +++ +++
+++ +++
Antibiotic Essentials’ (6)
m eningitidis
(Not Staph.
Not PRSTP)
N afcillin
MSSA
-
-
+
Am picillin
+ Enterococcus
(Not S. pyogenes, Not Sthaph.)
+/E .c o li, Proteus
B-lactam ase neg. H .flu, M oraxella
Antibiotic Essentials’
A n tib io tic
G ra m (+ )
Gram . Anaerobes
CNS
(-)
PCN
+
-
+/-
+
Strep. A, N .m eingitidis
N eurosyphilis
Listeria,
E ik e n e lla
N.
Enterococcus Pasteurella
4th Generation Cephalosporin
Gram. (+)
Gram.
Anaerobes
CNS
(-)
Cefepeme
+++
+++
-
MSSA, MSSE
Anti-
Not
pseudomonal
Enterococcus
+++
Antibiotic Essentials: (7)
Antibiotic
Gram. Anaerobes CNS (-)
1st gen.
+
+/-
-
-
Cephalosporins
MSSA,
Not B-
MSSE
lactamase producers
Not STP
Not
Enterococcus
Antibiotic Essentials’ (5)
3rd Gen Cephalosporin
+
+++
+
i.e. PCN
E. faecalis
Mezlocillin
+
+++
+
i.e. PCN
Enterococcus
CNS +/+/+/-
Antibiotic Essentials’ (3)
Antibiotic
G ram . (+)
G ram . (-)
Anaerobes
A m picillin / Sulbactam
Gram. (+)
Gram. Anaerobes
CNS
(-)
Meropenem Im ipe n e m
抗生素基本知识（英文PPT）The ABC′s of Antibiotics
Antibiotic brands
50 penicillins 71 cephalosporins 12 tetracyclines 8 aminoglycosides 1 monobactam 3 carbapenems
Ticarcillin/ Clavulanic
acid Piperacillin/ Tazobactam
+++ MSSA, MSSE
Not PRSTP
+++ MSSA, MSSE
Not Enterococcus
+++ MSSA, MSSE, Enterococcus
+
i.e.
A m picillin H. flu,
Interference with basic cell functions
– quinolones DNA gyrase
Folic acid metabolism
– trimethoprim
– sulfonamides
Antibiotic Inactivation
Destruction or modification
9 macrolides 2 streptogramins 3 dihydrofolate
reductase inhibitors 1 oxazolidinone 5.5 quinolones
Inhibition of Cell Cell Wall Synthesis
Vancomycin, teicoplanin Beta-lactams Monobactams Carbapenems
+/-
+ Listeria
Antibiotic Essentials’ (2)
Antibiotic
Gram. (+)
Gram. (-)
Anaerobes
Ticarcillin
+
+++
+
i.e. PCN P.aeruginosa
Not
(Not
Enterococcus Acitenobacter)
Piperacillin
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
50 S inhibitors – macrolides
30 S inhibitors – tetracycline
– chloramphenicol
– aminoglycosides
– clindamycin
– oxazolidinones
– Ex: Beta-lactamase production
Alteration of the antibiotic target site(s)
– Ex: Abnormal PBPs
Prevention of access to target
– Ex: Efflux pump & Deletions of porins