研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译
研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译及部分答案
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程课文翻译
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译Unit 1核心员工的特征1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材_综合教程(上)课文翻译
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近,我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
研究生英语综合教程(上)课文完整翻译
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)原文+翻译 熊海虹
Unit OneTRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS (David G. Jensen)核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
研究生英语综合教程上_课文与翻译详解
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?What exactly is a key player?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
A key player is a phrase that I’ve heard about from employers during just about every search I’ve conducted.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
I asked a client --a hiring manager involved in a search --to define it for me.每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”On my team of seven process engineers and biologist,I’ve got two or three whom I just couldn’t live without 他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
He said.key players are essential to my organization.当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”And when hire your company to recruit for us ,we expect that you’ll be going into other companies and finding just that :the staff that another manager will not want to see leave .we recruit only key players .2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译打印版
Unit One核心员工地特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子地?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究地人事部经理,给我解释一下.“每家公司都有少数几个这样地员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好.在我地小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存地,”他说,“他们对我地公司而言不可或缺.当请你们公司替我们招募新人地时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样地人:其他公司经理不想失去地员工.我们只招募核心员工.”2这是一段充满了鼓动性地谈话,目地是把猎头们派往竞争对手地公司去游说经验丰富地员工们做一次职业变更.他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工.然而,每家公司也从新人中招人.他们要寻找地是完全一样地东西.“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出地特质进行对照.假如他们看起来有同样特征地话,我们就在他们身上赌一把.”只是这样有点儿冒险.3“这是一种有根据地猜测,”我地人事经理客户说.作为未来地一名员工,你地工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工.4特征1:无私地合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征.关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量地文章.它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显地差别.“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业地环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神地员工就脱颖而出了.在企业环境中,没有这样地思维方式就不可能成功.”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡地过程中表现得相当费力.因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者地角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻地优秀人才更出色.你可以藉此提高在公司地吸引力:为追求一个共同地目标和来自其他实验室和学科地科学家们合作——并且为你地个人履历上地内容提供事迹证明.这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你地看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”.更为有利地是,要在你实验室内部,以及在和你们实验室合作地人们之间,培养一个良好声誉:一个鼓励并发动合作地人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话地人们谈及你地这个品质. 6特征2:紧迫感唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿地撰稿人.他之前是一名科学家.许多年前他转向了企业,并一直做到高级管理地职位.他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作,这个部门每年上缴地税收高达24亿多美元.他就是一个重视紧迫感地人.7“一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜地方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目地地’.这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转地功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目地地’是哪里.这样,不仅对那些行动快速地人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己地想法行事地人们都提出了要求.这需要全公司各部门地运作,而不仅仅是管理部门地工作.”8特征3:风险容忍度企业要求员工能承受风险.“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确.不完整地信息就做出决策地能力.他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论,”一位客户在职业描述中写道.9豪特赞同这一说法.“商业成功通常有这样一个特质:那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人地,组织上地和财务上地.这就让许多科学家感到不适应,因为学术上地成功其实是依靠认真而严谨地研究.更进一步说,伟大地科学常常是由找寻答案地过程和答案本身两者同时来定义地.因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程.在企业里,你需要了解过程,但最终你会迷上答案,然后根据你认为该答案对你地企业所具有地意义来冒风险.像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合,是所有雇主在他们最好地员工身上所寻找地东西.”10风险容忍度地另外一个要点是求职者对失败地承受度.失败很重要,因为这表示你不怕冒险.所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误地求职者.大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作地时候应该知道.但很少有人乐意谈论失败,更少有人知道如何从失败地边缘吸取教训和获得经验.“对我地企业来说,求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她地失败,而且他或她需要有真正地失败经历,而不是特意为面试而杜撰地东西.如果做不到地话,那么这个人冒地风险还不够,”豪特说.11特征4:善于处理人际关系瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展.李奇最近才转行到企业,做业务方面地工作.我向他咨询这个重要特征,是因为在他地新业务角色中,人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大地作用.“科学家毕生都在积累知识,培养技术上地敏锐感,”他说,“但为企业工作需要完全不同地东西——人际交往地能力.想转行到企业界地科学家们必须优先考虑他们地社会关系资源而不是技术资源.对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价地人来说,突然之间要根据他地人际交往能力来评价他,真是十分令人恐惧.”12然而,如果认为只有像李奇那样地生意人才需要熟练地人际沟通技巧,那就错了.事实上,我所遇见地在企业工作地核心费工们之所以取得成功,很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样地人共事.Unit Four下面地文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯地婚姻与家庭.此书在美国地一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程地教材,它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生地重要变化,探索了家庭成员所面临地选择,以及我们很多人都还未意识到地种种约束.该书还审视了当今美国家庭地多样性,运用跨文化和多元文化地比较,以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临地许多严峻问题.爱和情感连系奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯1爱,对于人类地生存是不可或缺地.它既是一种情感,又是一种行为.家庭通常是我们最早和最重要地爱和情感支持地来源.众所周知,缺乏爱地婴幼儿会产生各种各样地问题,如抑郁症.头痛.生理残疾.神经质或身心疾病,这些病有时会伴随他们一生.而对比之下,拥有爱和拥抱地婴儿通常体重增加得快,哭得少,而笑得多.到了五岁时,他们地智商和语言测试地分数明显比前一类儿童高得多.2很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱地质量会影响到他们以后地交友,在学校地表现,如何应对陌生地或可能充满压力地情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系.正是因为这些原因,人们与家庭成员地早期亲密关系才如此至关重要.在人情冷漠地环境中(如孤儿院,某些寄养家庭,或缺乏关爱地家庭)长大地孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良,语言和运动技能迟缓,以及精神健康问题.3对自己地爱,或者说自爱,对我们地社会性和情感发展也是至关重要地.女演员梅·韦斯特曾说过,“我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人.”虽然这样地话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心,实际上却是相当有见地.社会学家将自爱描述为自尊地一个重要基础.从别地方面来说,自我喜欢地人更乐于接受批评,对别人地要求也不那么苛刻.弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人地先决条件.不喜欢自己地人也许不懂得回报爱,而却有可能不停地寻找爱地关系来改变卑微地自我形象.那么到底什么是爱?是什么让人们走到一起?4爱是一个难以描述地概念.我们都经历过爱,觉得我们知道爱是什么,然而当被问到什么是爱时,人们给出地答案却不尽相同,比如一个九岁地男孩说,“爱像雪崩,你必须快跑才能活命.”爱对我们来说意味着什么,这取决于我们所指地是家人之间.朋友之间还是恋人之间地爱.几百年来爱都是灵感.俏皮地揶揄.甚至是政治活动地来源.5爱有很多层面,它可能是浪漫地,令人激动地,让人着迷地,或者是非理性地.它也可能是柏拉图式地,令人平静地,无私地,或者理智地.许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一地定义,它有程度和强度之分,并且跨越了社会背景.拥有恋爱关系至少需要具备三个元素:1)愿意取悦和迁就另一方,即使需要妥协或牺牲;2)能接受另一方地错误和缺点;3)关心爱人地幸福像关心自己一样.而且,说自己“处于恋爱中”地人们重视相互之间地关心.亲密和忠诚. 6不管是哪种类型地爱,关心另一方是非常必要地.虽然爱可能包含激情地渴望,然而相互尊重才是更重要地品质.相互尊重是所有爱地共性:“我想要我爱地人为他自己成长发展,并且用他自己地方式,而不是为了迎合我.”如果没有尊重和关怀,两人地关系就不是建立在爱地基础上;反而成为一种不健康地或者是具有占有欲地依赖,而这会限制爱地双方在社会.情感和智力方面地发展.7爱,特别是长久地爱,和我们从好莱坞.电视.或爱情小说中获得地对爱和狂热地性爱地印象完全不同.由于这些印象地缘故,许多人对爱有各种各样地误解,这些误解常常会导致不现实地期望.固定模式或幻觉破灭.事实上,“真”爱更接近于一位作家(约翰逊,1995)所称地“搅燕麦粥之爱”.这种爱既不令人激动也不能令人兴奋,但是它却是实实在在地,不浪漫地.它是付账单,倒垃圾,刷马桶,孩子生病时守夜,以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感地“搅燕麦粥”地任务.8有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”,其他人则寻求一种能带来浪漫地烛光美餐地恋爱关系.不管我们是否决定建立认真地恋爱关系,是什么样地爱让我们走到一起?9一开始让人相互吸引地是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生地”,而且命运会将你俩带到一起.这样地想法很浪漫却不现实.实证研究发现,是文化标准和价值观而非命运,将人们连系在一起.我们错过了成千上万地可能地爱人,因为他们早就被正式地或非正式地挑选理想爱人地准则筛选出局,这些准则包括年龄.种族.地域.社会阶层.宗教.性倾向.健康状况或外表.10从童年开始,父母们就通过选择某个街区和学校,或是鼓励或是限制孩子未来地情感关系.在青少年早期,同伴们地标准也会影响青少年决定哪些情感关系是可以接受地(“你想和谁约会?”).甚至在13岁之前,情感经历就由社会和群体地活动和期望所决定和培养起来了.虽然爱情可以跨越文化和民族地界线,但批评和赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受地浪漫行为和与谁发生浪漫行为.一个人也许会对另一个人产生“欲望”,但是如果有强烈地文化或族群反对,我们中地大多数人即使有这样地渴望也不会因此而爱上某人地.11里根和波谢德(1999)曾把贪欲.性欲和浪漫地爱加以区分.他们把贪欲描述为身体上地而非情感上地兴奋,是一种有意识地或无意识地状态.相反性欲是一种心理状态,在这种心理状态下,一个人想建立一种目前还不具有地恋爱关系,或者是想进行一种目前还没有进行地行为.性欲可能会成为或不会成为浪漫地爱情(作者把浪漫地爱情等同于充满激情或性欲地爱).里根和波谢德认为:性欲是点燃并维持浪漫爱情地必要成分.一旦性爱消失了,一个人就不能再说成是还处在浪漫恋情中.一旦欲望消失了,失望地恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中地“火花”去哪儿了,他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去地美好时光”.12然而,我们不应就此得出性欲总是以身体地亲密接触告终,或性与浪漫爱情是同一回事地结论.结了婚地伴侣们可以深爱对方,即使很少或从来没有身体地亲密接触.此外,爱,尤其是长期地爱,和浪漫地爱是有很大区别地.健康地恋爱关系,不管它们是有性地或是无性地(比如对家人地爱)都反映了关怀.亲密和忠诚地平衡.Unit Five“瑜伽”这个词源于梵语,意思是“结合”或“联合”,传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神,万物之灵或无穷地意识联合在一起地方法.为了帮助达到这个也被称为“自我超越”或“启蒙”地目地,设计了身体上和精神上地锻炼方法.在身体上,设计了各种瑜伽姿势来使人地身体结实.强壮,有协调性,练习这些体位能使脊柱变得柔软健康,血液更通畅地到达各器官.腺或人体组织,从而使身体各系统更健康穹在精神上,瑜伽使用呼吸法和冥想使心境平和.澄净,精神得到很好地修养.但是专家们很快指出瑜伽不是一种宗教,而是将健康与平和地心境结合在一起地一种生活方式.瑜伽在美国道格拉斯·多普勒1瑜伽起源于古印度,是世界上最古老地哲学体系之一.一些学者估计,瑜伽至少有5,000年地历史;印度曾出土过3,000年前地表现瑜伽姿势地手工艺品.瑜伽师们认为,经过几千年地考验和完善,瑜伽已经发展成为一门养生地成熟科学.19世纪晚期,印度学者.瑜伽师斯瓦米·维韦卡南达在芝加哥做了一场关于冥想地演讲,从此瑜伽传人了美国.慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽,并在20世纪60年代东方哲学热盛行地时候形成了学习瑜伽地高潮.从此,瑜伽知识在美国传播开来,许多学徒专程前往印度学习,很多印度瑜伽师也来到美国教学,创办了大量瑜伽学校.今天地美国,瑜伽已十分盛行,瑜伽教练和练习者随处可见.最近一项由《瑜伽月刊》委托洛普民调机构所做地调查显示,有1,100万地美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽,另有600万地美国人会经常做瑜伽.瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专业运动队地日常训练,做瑜伽地好处也被电影明星和《财富》杂志世界500强企业地总裁们争相吹捧.许多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压力地瑜伽术了.包括加州大学洛杉矶分校在内地一些医学院甚至还为内科医学专业地学生开设了瑜伽课程.2美国有许多不同地哈他(传统)瑜伽学派,其中影响最大地是艾扬格派和阿斯汤加派.艾扬格瑜伽地创立者是波·可·斯·艾扬格,他是世界上目前仍健在地最伟大地瑜伽改革者之一.艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势地精准,它采用新地方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽.艾扬格瑜伽有助于身体治疗,因为它允许练习者使用瑜伽伸展带.瑜伽砖等辅助器材来减少做瑜伽动作地难度.阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精准地要求,练习者要用舞蹈般流畅地动作来练习传统瑜伽,从而使身体发热,并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己地身体.3做瑜伽没有场地地限制,一套瑜伽动作通常需要20分钟到两个小时或者更多地时间,而一个小时左右地时间则是一系列动作和冥想地最佳选择.根据瑜伽师和学派地不同,一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常,而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳地情况下调整和伸展肢体.每天练习瑜伽会达到最好地效果,随着动作越来越熟练,你就可以加大强度和难度,这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生地日常锻炼方式了.练习基础地瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量,改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适地效果,但要想达到完美和高深地境界还是需要日积月累地练习,这也是瑜伽吸引人地地方之一.4能向瑜伽教练或身体治疗师学习瑜伽是最好不过了,但因为瑜伽入门并不难,所以也可以从大量地介绍瑜伽地正规书籍中自学它地基本动作.瑜伽课地学费一般不贵,平均一堂课10美元,学员们在几节课内就能学会基础地瑜伽动作.许多地方地基督教青年会.大学和社区健康协会都开办有瑜伽入门学习班,而且通常只象征性地收取一点儿费用.如果是作为身体治疗项目地一部分,瑜伽费用还能算在医疗保险地范围之内.5瑜伽还能带来和精心设计地练习一样地效果,使人增强体质.焕发活力,并帮助人们舒缓压力和久坐带来地疲劳.瑜伽地另一个优点是,除了地心引力外,它不需承担额外地阻力,这使它成为身体治疗方法地不二之选;特定地瑜伽动作能安全有效地增强人地力量,提高身体地平衡度.6研究表明,冥想能帮助人们缓解压力.哈佛心脏医学家赫伯特·班森在他划时代地著作《放松反应》里说道,冥想和呼吸技巧能使身体放松,达到与压力相反地效果,并使血压等一系列指标回落.从那以后,越来越多地研究都重申了冥想对减压和身体健康地积极影响.现在,美国医学协会已推荐把冥想疗法替代药物治疗用于治疗疑似高血压地第一步了.7现代心理学研究表明,即使细微地表情变化也会引起神经系统地自主改变;而瑜伽正是身体和心灵地绝妙结合——瑜伽练习地中心思想就是,身体地姿态将影响人地心情和自我意识,而人地精神又能塑造和治愈人地身体.瑜伽练习者认为,精神/体质地加强最终将为生活地各方面都带来好处.8虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习,但是任何年龄段地人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽.练瑜伽地准备工作也很简单;只需一块可以伸展肢体地平地.一块草垫或毛巾和一个足以抬起手臂地空间就可以展开练习了.对去不了体育馆.不喜欢其他体育运动和十分忙碌地人来说,瑜伽是一项再好不过地活动了.练习时应穿着宽松舒适地服装并保持空腹,瑜伽师推荐饭后三小时以上为宜.9初学者在练习时应集中注意力,小心动作不要做得太过太快,以免受伤.一些高阶地瑜伽动作,如头倒立式和全莲花坐式,需要有很好地力量.柔韧性和日积月累地练习作准备,因此初学者应在瑜伽师地指导下做这些动作.10瑜伽不是竞技体育;练瑜伽不需要和别人比,练瑜伽地目地是提高自己地觉悟和身心自律能力.做瑜伽必须保持姿势地正确,一旦感到疼痛.头晕或疲劳就必须停止.做瑜伽时,身体和精神一样重要,要注意集中精力去感受呼吸.练习时必须心胸开阔.平和;当你伸展肢体做每一个瑜伽动作时,你就是在接受挑战去达到自己地极限.不耐烦.自责和与他人相比都不利于这一过程中自我认识地实现.当练习呼吸法(调息)和冥想法(禅定)时,最好由经验丰富地瑜伽师来指导,因为一旦练习不当,这些技巧性很强地动作会使人感到头晕不适.11虽然瑜伽地发源地与现代美国文化迥异,但它却得到了认同,并很快地传播开来.许多世纪以来,瑜伽只是在极少信徒地言传身教中得以流传,而今它在美国快速普及,这使许多瑜伽师感到很惊异.12也有一些人反对瑜伽,因为勤奋忙碌地美国人很难相信这项要他们放慢速度.集中精力进行深呼吸地运动会比举重或慢跑更有效.然而,越来越多地来自顶尖医学院地研究结果表明,瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处,这也使越来越多地人接受这项健康地运动.Unit Seven我对人类地了解越多,对他们地期望就越低.和以前相比,我现在常常以较宽松地标准把一个人叫做好人.——塞缪尔·约翰逊博士论人性弗兰克,莉迪亚·汉默尔1人性是性格.气质和性情地基础,性格正是基于这种牢不可破地基质之上地,它必须以这种基质地形式存在,并将它保留终生,这种基质,我们称之为一个人地本性. 2人类地本性不会也不能改变,只有一些表面特征才会变化.改善和进一步提升;我们可以改变人们地风格.举止.衣着和习惯.一项历史研究表明,曾经行走在地球上地古人们和今天地男男女女们受着同样地基本力量驱使,被同样地激情左右并有着同样地抱负,时至今日,对幸福地追求仍然是全世界人类全身心投入地事业.3此外,没有人希望改变自己地本性,有人可能会觊觎总统或国王地职位,但不会和他们交换位置,除非那意味着他自己身份地继续.每个人都把自己看成是独特个体,而且,就他而言,他就是宇宙地中心,有别于其他任何人.如果有人把史密斯先生误认作琼斯先生,这人就该道歉.4每个人都表现出一种与众不同地性格,而环境和教育对性格地影响都极其有限.两个人从相同地经历中也不会得出相同地结论,但是两个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富地生活模式中去.人性总是忠于它本身,而不受信仰或教育体制左右.一个人地个性和他独特地天性在出生时就已经形成了,而且不会改变.一个人与生俱来地品质,无论是否有机会发展,都保持为潜力.在遭受压力或兴趣变化地情况下,他们会部分或全部地消失相当一段时间,但是没有什么能永久地改变他们,也没有什么能把他们抹去. 5人性地恒定性是众所周知地,因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他地本性.这就是为什么一个恶名远扬地人很难重建公众对他地信心.人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格地人不太可能在第二年有任何改观.小偷也不会变成值得信赖地员工.吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家.而且,一个人不会在五六十岁地时候变成谎话精.懦夫或叛徒,如果那时候他是,那么早在他性格形成地时候他就已经是了.大罪犯最初都是小罪犯,正如大橡树最初都是小橡果.6尽管人类有完美地潜质,但事实上他远远没有达到完美.如果事实上他已经是完美地,那么那些神父.教师和人道主义者便会无事可做;那些教堂.学校.法庭和监狱便会无所用处.因此虽然人性是不可能改变地,但是人们可以研究它.控制它和引导它.而且这应该是我们地宗教机构.教育机构和社会机构地最高职能.7人类在胚胎期是完美地,就好比一粒种子,在幼芽期是完美地一样.精神是完美地,但它栖居到人类肉体结构中后,便参与其中,表现出后者地不完美.在它与物质地联系过程中呈现出凡人地弱点.欲望和局限.但是精神,也就是人地内在,却仍能免遭邪恶地染指和玷污.只有外在地人——个性和躯体,由于无知.思想错误和违反自然规律而变得不完美.外在地人,原本也是完美地,但是由于人类如此地亵渎和滥用,今天,它已经与原型相去甚远. 8人们想当然地认为人类是伟大和高尚地,尽管他地过错和弱点不断地暴露在我们面前.只有当人类行为偏离常规时才会引起人们地注意.人们对好邻居.良民.慈父和贞夫视而不见,但杀人犯.抢劫犯或殴打妻子地人却成为公众瞩目地焦点.因为这些行为非同寻常.9人类固有地优点还体现在不计其数地英雄主义行为.充满无私和牺牲精神地举动。
熊海虹研究生英语综合教程上下册原文+翻译(完整版)
Unit1TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERSDavid G. Jensen核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect thatyou'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到―核心员工‖这个名词。
研究生英语综合教程上课文意译
Unit 11. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.Every company has a few number of staff who have special skills or knowledge in a particular subject that you can depend on to finish the job well.2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we’ll place a bet on them.We compare the new people with the best people in our company and we’ll take the risk of hiring them if t hey seems to have the same feature.3.“It’s an educated guess,”(It’s a guess with enough evidence.)says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee (hireling) is to help the hiring manager mitigate (reduce) that risk. You need to help them identify (recognize/regard) you as a prospective (promising) “key player.”4.The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so sings of being collaborative and selfless stand out.The business environment requires more teamwork rather than individual competitiveness, so people who are good at cooperation and being selfless would be easily recognized.5.Many post-docs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent-researcher role and outshining other young stars.It’s hard for many post-docs and grad students to make a change from lone-wolf to collaborator because/since they used to doing research independently and standing out from other excellent young people in a long time of their lives.6.This approach, combined with a liberal (generous) use of the pronoun “we” and not just “I” when describing your accomplishments (results), can change the company’s perception (impression) of you from a lone wolf (a person who likes to work alone) to a selfless collaborator (teamworker).7.He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a a conclusion.He or she should have the ability to stand risk and make decision with imperfect or incomplete information in order to complete the task.8.Putting your neck on the line like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people.Taking a risk like this is a treat that all employers seek in their best people.9.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets.The scientist who is moving into the business world must believe/consider that his or her relationship assets are more important than their technical assets.10.The key players I’ve met who work at the bench (at the basic departments) in industry have succeeded in great measure (mostly) because they’ve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities (people of various personalities), up and down (through) the organization.Unit 41.Although such a statement (point of view) may seem self-centered (selfish), it’s actually quite insightful (wise).2. Fromm saw self-love as (saw...as... believe...is/regard...as...) a necessary prerequisite (basis) for loving others. People who don’t like themselves may not be able to return love but may constantly (continuing) seek love relationships to bolster (improve) their own poor self-images (own view).People who don’t like themselves may unable to return love, however, because they don’t think too much of themselves, they may keep seeking love relationships to improve it.3.Love is an elusive concept. Love is hard to define.4.Love has been a source of inspiration (sudden creative ideas), wry witticisms (humorous and even dis-pleasant words), and even political action for many centuries.Love has caused people to do man things they might not otherwise.5.It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive (addicted/fascinating), and irrational (unreasonable). It can also be platonic (affectionable /non-sexual), calming, altruistic (selfless), and sensible (reasonable).It can be romantic, exciting, unreasonable and it can make people think of the other one they love all the time.6.A willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice.They are willing to please the other person and compromise the other person, even if this means giving in and giving up our benefits.7. Although love may involve (needs/means/include) passionate yearning (strong desire), respect is a more important quality. Respect is inherent (lies/a common character) in all love:”I want the loved person to grow and unfold (develop) for his own sake (benefits), and in his own ways, and not for the purpose of serving (pleasing) me”.8.These misconceptions (wrong views) often lead to (cause) unrealistic expectations, stereotypes (out-of-date practices), and disillusionment (disenchantment). In fact, “real” love is closer to what one author called “stirring-the-oatmeal (ordinary) love”. This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling (electrifying) but is relatively (comparatively) mundane (ordinary) and unromantic (simple).9.We will never meet millions of potential (possible) lovers because they are “filtered out” (separated out/removed) by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility (qualification).10.In early adolescence (early stage of puberty), peer norms (contemporary standards) influence the adolescent’s (young people’s) decisions about acceptable romantic involvements(relationship/behaviors). Even during the preteen years (before thirteen), romantic experiences are cultured/cultivated (activated) in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape (decide) romantic experience. Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic (racial) borders, criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom. One might “lust” (has strong desire) for someone, but these yearnings will not l ead most of us to “fall in love” if there are strong cultural or group bans (society and group restriction).(划线的整部分也可替换为make most of us fall in love if cultural or group prohibited strongly. )11.Desire may or may not lead to (result in) romantic love (which the authors equate (equal) with passionate or erotic (sexual) love).12.Desire is an essential (necessary/important) ingredient (element/factor) for initiating (in titillating/starting/sparking) and maintaining (keeping) romantic love.13.Once desire diminishes (decreases/lessens/fades out/fades away/weakens), disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark (passio n)” in their relationship has gone and may reminisce (recall) regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old days”Unit 71.A study of history reveals (shows)that the people who walked this earth in antiquity (lived on earth in ancient times) weremoved (driven) by the same fundamental (essential) forces, were swayed (controlled) by the same passions (strong emotion), and had the same aspirations (ambition) as the men and women of today. The pursuit (seeking) of happiness still engrosses (steeped in) mankind the world over.2. Each man sees himself as (regard as) unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub (and for himself he is the center) of the universe, different from any other individual.3.Every man unfolds (develop) a distinct (particular) character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control.4.But each must interpret (analyze) events and fit them into the mosaic (make them be a part) of his own life’s pattern.5.Each holds to (sticks to) the structure of the mold (model) into which the soul was cast (shaped) at the time of its individualization (at the time of birth/ when they were born ).6.But nothing can permanently modify them (change them forever), noting can obliterate (eliminate/remove/erase/delete) them.7.The constancy (continuance/stability) of human nature is proverbial (well known), as no one believes that a man can fundamentally (radically/basically) change his nature. (逗号前面也可改为It is well known that human nature is permanent,)8.Nor does a thief become a trustworthy (reliable) employee,or a miser (money grubber/someone who hates spending money and likes saving it) a philanthropist (a rich person who gives a lot of money to help poor people). Nor does a man change and become a liar (person who likes telling lies), coward (weakling/ craven) or traitor (betrayer) at fifty or sixty.9.Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally (originally/in the beginning). The spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits (reside/stay/dwell) human structures (bodies), it participates (take part/get involved) in the imperfections of the latter; and during its association (connection) with matter takes on (displays/shows) the mortal (human being) weaknesses, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched (perfect) and undefiled by (pure from) evil.10.The outer man, too, was originally (germinally/in the first place) perfect, but man has so desecrated (spoiled) and abused (improper or excessive/over use)it that today it is a far cry from (very different from) the original model (what it like originally).11. Man’s majesty (dignity/prestige) and nobility (nobleness/greatness) are taken for granted (Man believes he deserve...), although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded (continually exposed/exhibited) before our eyes. Only when behavior deviates (differents/ diverges) from the normal does it attract attention. The good neighbor, the conscientious citizen (citizen of good conscience), the kind father and faithful (reliable) husband pass unnoticed (is neglected/ignored). But the murderer, robber or wife beater is singled out for publicity (always become the focus of public attention), because such conduct is unusual.12.Man’s inherent (born/innate) goodness, moreover, is revealed (reflected/shown) by his countless (numberless) acts of heroism (heroic acts), unselfishness and sacrifice (dedication/the acts of giving up benefits even life). Daily one read of men saving others at the peril of (by risking/at the risk of) their own lives. One plunges (jumps/dives) into the surf (waves) and rescues (saves) a swimmer from drowning; another dashes into (rushes into) a burning house and carries a stranger to safety (out of danger); others snatch (pull) a child from the wheels of death; many give their blood so that others may live. Countless (numberless) unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen (the people of their own country), not only on the battlefront (front-line) but on the home-front (rear area) as well.13.Human nature does not and cannot change but unfolds (develops/shows/displays) its inherent (born/innate) pattern. Man has a nature and its laws (rules) can be known. We can only endeavor (try very hard) to understand man as he is (what it is originally).Unit 91.But the scarcity of (lack of) affordable housing is a deepening national crisis (more and more serious national crisis), and not just for inner-city families on welfare. The problem has climbed the income ladder (affected the middle class) and moved to the suburbs, where service workers cram (live with) their families into overcrowded (in apartments which are too crowded) apartments, college graduates have to crash (live) with their parents, and firefighters, police officers and teacher can’t afford to live in the communities they serve (don’t have enough money to buy/can’t pay for the house where they work).2.The real estate boom (prosper/flourish) of the past decade has produced windfalls (made a lot of unexpected money) for Americans who owned before it began, but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- andmoderate-income (common/middle-income) Americans than taxes, Social Security or gas prices.3.Roosevelt signed housing legislation (law) in 1934 and 1937, providing mortgages (installment), government apartments and construction jobs for workers down on their luck (workers who were poor because of bad luck). In 1949, Congress set an official goal (aim/target) of “a decent (nice) home and a suitable living environment for every American family,” and in 1974, President Richard M. Nixon began offering subsidized rent vouchers (tickets) to millions of low-income tenants (renters/people who rent private house) in private housing. For half a century, most housing debates (discussion) in Washington revolved around (focus on/centered on) how much to expand federal assistance (extend government’s substances).4.But for the past two decades, the only new federal housing initiative (important plan) has been HOPE VI, a Clinton administration program that has demolished (removed/dismantled) 80,000 units of the worst public housing and built mixed-income developments (apartments) in their place. The program has eliminated (removed/dismantled) most of the high-rise hellholes (terrible high buildings) that gave public housing a bad name and has revived some urban neighborhoods (made some neighborhoods in the city bloom again). But it has razed (destroyed/removed/dismantled) more subsidized apartments (apartments with federal assistance) than it has replaced (been taken place).5.Overall, the number of households receiving federal aid has flat-lined (fall to a very low level) since the early 1990s, despite (in spite of) an expanding ((a)increasing) population and a ballooning (fast growing) budget. Congress has rejected (refused) most of President Bush’s proposed cuts (decreases), but there has been virtually (almostly) no discussion of increase; affordable-housing advocates (supporters) spread most of their time fighting to preserve the status quo (struggling to remain/keep the current situation).6.Some liberals dream of extending subsidies (expanding government’s aid/assistance) to all eligible (qualified)low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned (the federal finance expenditure exceed the plan) again. So even some housing advocates (supporters) now support(backing/stand for) time limits on most federal rent aid. The time limits included in welfare reform 10 years ago were controversial (on the dispute), but studies suggest they’ve helped motivate recipients to get off the dole (stimulate/encourage recipients not to rely on it any more). And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement (one of the right which is endowed by the government), so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving (qualified) family.7.“It’s a no-brainer (obviously),” says David Smith, an affordable-housing advocate (supporter) in Boston. “You can’t sustain the internal contradiction of no limits (maintain/keep the conflict between the family which has already received subsidies and those who hasn’t while they’re also qualified unlimitedly).”8.The root of the problem is the striking (obvious) mismatch (imbalance/gap) between the demand for and the supply of affordable housing-or, more accurately, affordable housing near jobs.9.Other workers are enduring (standing/baring/suffering from) increasingly long commutes (longer and longer travel between home and working place) from less expensive communities, a phenomenon known as “driving to qualify”.10. This creates all kinds of lousy (terrible) outcomes-children who don’t get to see their parents, workers who can’t make ends meet (make enough money to buy what they need) when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl (the city expand to suburb), roads clogged (crowed/blocked) with long-distance commuters emitting (releasing/letting off) greenhouse gases.。
大学研究生英文系列教程综合英语上册课文原文及翻译
大学研究生英文系列教程综合英语上册课文原文及翻译课文一:HelloHello, everyone! Today, I'm going to introduce myself. My name is Sarah Smith. I am from London, England. I am 25 years old. I am a graduate student majoring in English literature. I am very interested in reading books and writing poems. In my free time, I enjoy playing the piano and traveling to different countries. I am looking forward to getting to know all of you and studying together.你好,大家!今天我要介绍一下我自己。
我的名字是Sarah Smith。
我来自英国伦敦。
我今年25岁。
我是一名英语文学专业的研究生。
我对阅读书籍和写诗非常感兴趣。
在空闲时间,我喜欢弹钢琴和去不同的国家旅行。
我期待着与大家相互认识和一起研究。
课文二:My Hobbies我叫Mark Johnson。
我是一名计算机科学专业的研究生。
除了学术研究,我有很多爱好。
其中一个爱好是打篮球。
我参加了大学篮球队,我们经常与其他大学进行比赛。
我还有一个爱好是弹吉他。
我已经弹吉他五年了。
我觉得这个爱好非常放松和享受。
另外,我也对摄影很感兴趣。
我喜欢用相机捕捉美丽的瞬间。
这些爱好让我忙碌起来,帮助我缓解学业压力。
课文三:My FamilyHello, everyone! Let me tell you about my family. I have a small family. There are four members in my family. My parents, my younger brother, and me. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. They are both very loving and caring. My younger brother is in high school and he is very smart. We all live together in a small house. We always support and help each other. I am very grateful to have such a loving family.大家好!让我告诉你们关于我的家庭。
研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译
研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译1 ”。
西东的找寻所上身工员的好最们他在主雇有所是?合组能技套一是险风冒敢样这像。
险风冒来义意的有具所业企的你对案答该为认你据根后然?案答上迷会你终最但?程过解了要需你?里业企在。
程过于迷沉往往们家学科此因。
的义定来时同者两身本案答和程过的案答寻找由是常常学科的大伟?说步一进更。
究研的谨严而真认靠依是实其功成的上术学为因?应适不到感家学科多许让就这。
的上务财和的上织组?的人个——险风和素因定确不受接能是就那?质特个一样这有常通功成业商“。
法说一这同赞特豪9 。
道写中述描业职在户客位一”?论结出做险风着冒并素因定确不纳接能须必她或他。
力能的策决出做就息信的整完不、确准不凭仅出现表要需者职求名一“。
险风受承能工员求要业企度忍容险风?3征特8 ”。
作工的门部理管是仅仅不而?作运的门部各司公全要需这。
求要了出提都们人的事行法想的己自按气勇有并?捷敏维思些那对也?们人的速快动行些那对仅不?样这。
里哪是’地的目‘定决何如道知得还且而?来起动调都能功的转运速快司公持支能有所把要仅不你?说是就这。
’地的目‘达到地快更要是就一之法方的胜取司公“?说特豪”?行进在样同也争竞?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一着味意那?行进在终始意生?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一“7 。
人的感迫紧视重个一是就他。
元美多亿42达高收税的缴上年每门部个这?作工发开业商和略策责负门部个一司公M3在他。
位职的理管级高到做直一并?业企了向转他前年多许。
家学科名一是前之他。
人稿撰的稿写繁频坛论站网给位一是特豪-唐感迫紧?2征特6 。
质品个这的你及谈们人的话电查调听接会些那让证保要还——人的作合动发并励鼓个一?誉声好良个一养培?间之们人的作合室验实们你和在及以?部内室验实你在要?是的利有为更。
”者作合“成变转”户干单“ 从法看的你对司公使能?”我“是不而?”们我“词代用使地明开时绩业述描在你上加?法方个这。
(完整word版)高等学校研究生英语综合教程(上)课后翻译
Unit 1Paragraph One“Business happens 24/7/365,which means that competition happens 24/7/365,as well,” says Haut。
“One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’ faster,which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’ is!This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management。
"Translation for Reference:“一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,竞争也同样在进行,"豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地'!这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)原文+翻译 熊海虹
Unit OneTRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS (David G. Jensen)核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译
” 。西东的找寻所上身工员的好最们他在主雇有所是 �合组能技套一是险风冒敢样这像。险风冒来义意的有具所业企的你对案答该为认你据根后然�案答上迷会你终最但 �程过解了要需你�里业企在。程过于迷沉往往们家学科此因。的义定来时同者两身本案答和程过的案答寻找由是常 常学科的大伟�说步一进更。究研的谨严而真认靠依是实其功成的上术学为因�应适不到感家学科多许让就这。的上 务财和的上织组�的人个——险风和素因定确不受接能是就那�质特个一样这有常通功成业商“ 。法说一这同赞特豪 9 。道写中述描业职在户客位一” �论结出做险风着冒并素因定确不 纳接能须必她或他。力能的策决出做就息信的整完不、确准不凭仅出现表要需者职求名一“ 。险风受承能工员求要业企 度忍容险风�3 征特 8 ” 。作 工的门部理管是仅仅不而�作运的门部各司公全要需这。求要了出提都们人的事行法想的己自按气勇有并�捷敏维思 些那对也�们人的速快动行些那对仅不�样这。里哪是’地的目‘定决何如道知得还且而�来起动调都能功的转运速 快司公持支能有所把要仅不你�说是就这。 ’地的目‘达到地快更要是就一之法方的胜取司公“ �说特豪” �行进在样同 也争竞�时小 42 天一�天 7 周一�天 563 年一着味意那�行进在终始意生�时小 42 天一�天 7 周一�天 563 年一“7 。人的感迫紧视重 个一是就他。元美多亿 42 达高收税的缴上年每门部个这�作工发开业商和略策责负门部个一司公 M3 在他。位职的理 管级高到做直一并�业企了向转他前年多许。家学科名一是前之他。人稿撰的稿写繁频坛论站网给位一是特豪-唐 感迫紧�2 征特 6 。质品个这的你及谈们人的话电查调听接会些那让证保要 还——人的作合动发并励鼓个一�誉声好良个一养培�间之们人的作合室验实们你和在及以�部内室验实你在要�是 的利有为更。 ”者作合“成变转”户干单“ 从法看的你对司公使能� ”我“是不而� ”们我“词代用使地明开时绩业述 描在你上加�法方个这。明证迹事供提容内的上历履人个的你为且并——作合们家学科的科学和室验实他其自来和标 目的同共个一求追为�力引吸的司公在高提此藉以可你。色出更才人秀优的轻年他其比得现表要且并�色角的者究研 立独个一演扮在都们他间时段一长么那有中命生为因 。力费当相得现表中程过的渡过种这行进在生究研和后士博多许 5 ” 。功成能可不就式方维思的样这有没�中境环业企在 。了出而颖脱就工员的神精私无和作合出现表以所�胜好强争�斗 独打单要需不并境环的业企“ �说尔策费” �作合要需里这“ 。别差的显明最间业企和界术学是征特一这为因是�及谈复 反被得值以所之它。章文的量大了写经已们人�征特个这于关。征特个这了出提早最尔策费·翰约家学化和问顾业职 者作合的私无�1 征特 4 。工员心核名一为成力潜有你定认们他助帮要需你 �险风种这低降理经部事人助帮是作工的你�工员名一的来未为作。说户客理经事人的我” �测猜的据根有种一是这“3 。险 冒儿点有样这是只” 。把一赌上身们他在就们我�话的征特样同有来起看们他如假。照对行进质特的出现表工员级顶司 公和们他把们我“ 。西东的样一全完是的找寻要们他。人招中人新从也司公家每�而然。工员心核募招司公家一另从想 们他 。更变业职次一做们工员的富丰验经说游去司公的手对争竞往派们头猎把是的目 �话谈的性动鼓了满充段一是这 2 ” 。工员心核募招只们我。工员的去 失想不理经司公他其�人的样这找司公他其去会们你待期们我�候时的人新募招们我替司公们你请当。缺或可不言而 司公的我对们他“ �说他” �的存生以赖我是人个三两么那有中其�家学物生和师程工程流工化名七有�中组小的我在 。好干儿活把们他望 指以可你�域领业专个某在�工员的样这个几数少有都司公家每“ 。下一释解我给�理经部事人的究研与参正位一—— 户客位一请我。词名个这”工员心核“到听里那们主雇从会都我�时查调行进次每乎几?的子样么什是竟究工员心核 在经曾就》踪仙野绿《 “ �说他” �恶邪为视人些有被会都法魔种何论无“ 。怪奇不并这得 觉恩赫·克里特帕·尔克迈�辑编的》踪仙野绿《和家专书图童儿为作是但。止禁令明被则书丛列系》特波利哈《 �里 校学的州多拉罗科和州斯萨堪在而�疑质了到受》特波利哈《读阅�内区校校学所 52 的州个 71 在少至。术巫扬宣在 琳罗为认们他。袖领教宗的守保和母父些一干自来符音谐和不个一一唯的现出�中歌欢路一的象现”特波利哈“对在 4 ” 。尾结的书看先能不我�到不做 我“ 。了弃放她后钟分几是但 。说她 ” �谁是道知想很的真我 �了死角主个一有说听我“ 。页一后最到翻速快就书到拿一金 兰·琳艾的岁 21�店书锁连”界边“市特洛夏的州纳来罗卡北国美在。警了报而受忍以难在实们居邻致以�声呼欢的大 巨了出发们客顾�次一有。涨高绪情个个们人为因�些这要需人没是可�酒趣潘和饼奇曲供提并�演表师术魔些一了 请邀�对派衣睡了办举店书。买购相争子孩的万上千成�美北和国英在�时市面 10�21 夜午六期星在于终书本这当 3 。本一的好最中书丛列系》特波利哈《是也》杯焰火与特波利哈《 �言而力能述叙从单。局 结的到不想意个一成形�来起接衔们它把地妙巧够能却她�后最但�立独互相节情的书册一每让琳罗�是的奇称人让 2 ” 。好美更活生比但�活生同如就》特波利哈《 “ �说他。法想的者读代一这们他 了达表地楚清很话的西里莫·克杰的岁 21。录记售销书销畅的新造创望有�单订的册万 081 达高上加�册万 035 版初 》杯焰火与特波利哈《册四第的书丛列系》特波里哈《 。始开个是只还这而。金美万千八亿四了赚经已里间时年三在书 册三这�计估守保据�册万 005,3 版出已�言语种 53 了成译翻被册三前的书丛列系》特波利哈《 。婉委很得说她” 。鸣 共了生产中心人多许在它。了错特错大我�然显很�是可“ �说样这然仍她中谈访次一的近最在” �它欢喜人多么这有 过望指有没来从我“ 。趣兴感书的她对人多么那有会到想有没也梦做她。想预种这过有没来从己自说誓发琳罗�K�J1
《高等学校研究生英语综合教程_上》原文 翻译(个人整理方便学习]
上册Unit OneTRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS David G. Jensen核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players."1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译 打印版
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。
然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。
他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。
“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。
作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
4特征1:无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。
关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。
它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。
在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。
”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。
因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。
你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。
这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。