高中英语 Unit 3 Under the seaSection Ⅲ Grammar复

Section Ⅲ Grammar—复习被动语态(Ⅱ)

语法图解

探究发现

用所给词的适当形式填空

1．I had already heard that George didn't like being_kept (keep)waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.

2．As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked(attack) by a pack of about six other killers.

3．Being badly wounded (wound), the whale soon died.

4．From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being_abandoned (abandon) by us.

5．When we approached him, I saw James being firmly held (hold) in the water by Old Tom.

[我的发现]

(1)以上各题皆用了动词­ing 形式的被动语态。

(2)动词­ing 形式的被动结构为：being_done；此结构可在句中充当宾语(如句1、4)、宾语补足语(如句2、5)和状语(如句3)等。

一、动词­ing形式的被动式的使用条件

如果动词­ing 形式的逻辑主语与其所表示的动作是被动关系时，动词­ing 形式要用被动式。

二、动词­ing形式的被动式有一般式与完成式两种形式

无论什么时候违反交通规则，马克总是想逃避受罚。

Having been surrounded for a month, the enemy had to give in.

被包围一个月后，敌人不得不投降了。

[名师点津] (1)系动词、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，其主动形式有时可以表达被动的意义。

The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

在植物园里鲜花散发着馨香吸引着游客去欣赏它们的自然美。

(2)need, want, require, be worth 等后跟动词­ing 形式表达被动的意义。

Whatever is worth doing should be done well.

凡是值得做的事情都应该做好。

[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①(2013·江苏高考改编)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.

②Having_been_criticized (criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.

③The dish tasting (taste) nice is very popular with customers in this restaurant.

④The book is worth reading (read)．

三、动词­ing形式的被动式的用法

动词­ing 形式的被动式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

Being killed by sharks in this sea area is a common thing.(作主语)

在这片海域被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。

He didn't mind being left at home.(作宾语)

他不介意被留在家里。

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. (作表语)

最使那个孩子焦虑不安的是不准许他到医院探望他的妈妈。

As we approached the village, we saw new houses being built.(作宾语补足语) 走进村子时，我们看到正在盖新房。

That building being built is our library.(作定语)

正在修建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? (作状语)

既然被给这样一个好机会，她怎么可能放弃呢？

[即时演练2]写出下列句中动词­ing 形式的被动式在句中充当的成分

①Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience. 主语

②I heard this song being sung in English then. 宾语补足语

③The meeting being held now is very important. 后置定语

④Having been scolded many times, he still made the same mistake. 状语

四、动词­ing形式的被动式的几种特殊情况

1．动词­ing 形式的被动式的逻辑主语与主句的主语或宾语不一致时，要用独立主格结构来表示。

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent one having been launched at the end of last year.

这个国家已发射三次无人宇宙飞船，最近一次是去年年底发射的。

2．动词­ing 形式的被动式、过去分词和不定式的被动式作定语时的区别。

动词­ing 形式的被动式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经发生；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动的动作。

a meeting being held now 现在正在召开的会议

a meeting held yesterday 昨天召开的会议

a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将会召开的会议

[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①(2014·江苏高考改编)The lecture having_been_given (give), a lively question­and­answer session followed.

②The meeting to_be_held (hold) next week will discuss a new plan.

③The meeting being_held (hold) now is discussing a new plan.

④The meeting held (hold) yesterday discussed a new plan.

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．I have to go now, for I can't risk being_punished (punish) by our manager.

2．The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to being_shown (show) around our newly built language lab.

3．After he became conscious, he remembered having_been_attacked/being_attacked (attack) and hit on the head.

4．Being_examined (examine) twice a year, whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

5．Being_exposed (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's