语音学课件

Articulatory phonetics studies the human speech organs, and the way in which the speech sounds are produced. Acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of the speech sounds; it studies the sound waves through the use of such machines as the spectrograph. Auditory phonetics is the study of perception of sounds by the human ear, the auditory nerve and the brain.
Consonants
1. 国际音标 百度百科 国际音标-百度百科 http://baike.baidu.com/view/43933.htm?fr=al a0_1_1#2 2. 国际音标与英语音素 http://www.sinoya.com/phonetics 3. 音标学习第一站 http://www.yinbiao1.com
• Phonology---- the study of the sound systems of individual languages and of the nature of such system generally. The most basic activity in phonology is phonemic analysis, in which the objective is to establish what the phonemes are and arrive at the phonemic inventory of the language.
1. General Theory
Phonetics---- the scientific study of speech sounds (the nature, production, and perception of speech sounds). It includes Articulatory, Acoustic and Auditory phonetics.
General American (GA)---- an accent of the majority of speakers of English in the USA, not specific to or strikingly indicative of a particular region.
A. C. Gimson, pupil of Danial Jones, professor of phonetics in the University of London. He is famous for his Everyman’s English Pronouncing Dictionary. 张凤桐, 张凤桐 pupil of A. C. Gimson, professor of phonetics in Sichuan University, 《英国 英语语音学和音系学》 四川大学出版社） 英语语音学和音系学》（四川大学出版社）
An Introduction to English Phonetics
Textbook compiler: Zhou Kaocheng (2002) Lecturer: Xu Xueping
Chapter I Introduction
some distinguished phoneticians: Henry Sweet (1845-1912), a great pioneer of phonetics in Oxford University. He regarded phonetics as "the indispensable foundation to the study of language”. His best known works include the Primer of Phonetics, The Sounds of English and The Practical Study of Languages. He distinguished separate systems for broad and narrow transcription.
4. Phonetic Transcription
Broad transcription has such symbols, each of which represents a phoneme. Narrow transcription has diacritics added to the one-letter symbols to represent the variants of a phoneme.
参考数目 1. 劳允栋 《英语语音学纲要》北京 商务印 劳允栋. 英语语音学纲要》北京: 书馆. 书馆 1983. 2. 桂灿昆 《美国英语应用语音学》上海 上 桂灿昆.《美国英语应用语音学》上海: 海外语教育出版社. 海外语教育出版社 1985. 张凤桐. 英国英语语音学和音系学》成都: 3. 张凤桐 《英国英语语音学和音系学》成都 四川大学出版社. 四川大学出版社 2000.
Vowels and diphthongs
有变化
无变化
i→I
单 元 音
e
短 元 音
i:
长 元 音
u→ Ț ɔ→ɒ ə:→ ɜ:
æ ə Λ
u: ɔ: ɑ:
来自百度文库
有变化
双 元 音
ei → eI ai → aI
əu → əȚ Ț au → aȚ Ț
iə → Iə εə → eə uə → Țә
Ǥi → ǤI
Danial Jones (1881-1967) pupil of Paul Passy [French phonetician, founder of the International Phonetic Association (IPA)], he was, with the possible exception of Henry Sweet, the most influential figure in the development of present-day phonetics in Britain. He is best remembered internationally for his works on the phonetics of English, particularly his Outline of English Phonetics and English Pronouncing Dictionary. He established the system of cardinal vowels.
Variant pronunciations in RP
• Variant in sounds (or Phonemes) (p.4-5) • Variant in stress shifted (p.6)
3. Styles of pronunciation (p.7)
Formal style Informal style Colloquial style
2. Received pronunciation and variant pronunciations
Received pronunciation (RP)---- an accent of English identified by Daniel Jones as characteristic of educated speakers in the south of Britain. It is readily and widely understood throughout the English speaking countries and generally recommended where English is taught and learned as a foreign language.