2020高考英语易错语法点30题专题02 代词(解析版)

高考语法复习 2 代词
【走进高考】
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。

句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。

空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。

“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。

“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。

故选B。

2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。

句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。

指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。

This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。

故选A。

3.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C. much more
D. many more
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。

句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。

A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more更多（修饰可数名词）。

这里修饰的是上文的activities。

故选D。

【语法精讲】
题型典题试做考点解读
语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same
考查人称代词的主格和宾格；
benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them(they) alive.
(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.
考查物主代词的基本用法；
考查it的基本用法；
考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法
考点一
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称
主格作主语I we you you he she it they 宾格作宾语me us you you him her it them 形容词性
物主代词
作定语my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词作主、表
或宾语
mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
反身代词作宾、表
或同位语
myself
our-
selves
your-
self
your-
selves
him-
self
her-
self
it-
self
them-
selves
◆The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。

2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。

◆(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.
我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

含有反身代词的习惯用语
by oneself单独地；独自地
for oneself 亲自；为自己
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to 随便吃；随便用
make yourself at home 不拘束
seat oneself 坐下
behave oneself 举止得体
come to oneself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
abandon oneself to 沉迷于；放纵于
express oneself 表达自己的思想
lose oneself in(＝be lost in) 迷失
say to oneself 心里想
talk to oneself 自言自语
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．We are very proud of (we) and believe we can do more for a better world.
2．To save class time, our teacher has (we) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.
考点二
不定代词
1．all, both, either, any, none, neither
她曾在剑桥和曼彻斯特住过，但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。

◆(江西卷)—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？
—Either. I’ll be in all day.
——都可以，我将一整天都在家。

2．none, nothing, no one/nobody
Niki总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。

◆(安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together. 这个项目需要密切的合作、除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。

部分否定和全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any/either以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“ever y＋名词”与not 连用时，表部分否定；
(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。

◆While I agree with the most of what you said, I don’t agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不同意所有的看法。

3．other, the other, another, others, the others
为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。

◆(福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．The best children’s books are very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy the child who hears the story and the adult who reads it.
2．With one phone, I was listening to the radio show, and on phone, I had my friend telling me funny things.
考点三
it的用法
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。

还可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。

◆(北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。

替代词(it, that, one)的用法区别
张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。

◆The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xi’an.
广州的气候比西安的好多了。

◆We had just rented a car. It looked very old.
我们刚租了一辆车。

它看起来很旧。

2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb.＋to do
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
③It’s (well) worth doing...
④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)＋that从句
⑤It＋不及物动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
⑦It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
◆(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。

(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.) to do/that从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...＋doing...
◆I find it easy to get on with Jim.
我发现和Jim相处很容易。

◆(山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。

it用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。

3．含有it的常考短语或句型：
(1)It depends.视情况而定。

Take it easy. 别着急。

believe it or not 信不信由你
make it 成功，做到，约定时间
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it comes to... 当涉及/谈到……
owe it to sb.that... 把……归功于某人
keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心
(2)It’s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。

It’s the firs t/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth. 是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。

It is/has been...since... 自从……多久了。

It will be/was...before... 要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时候，时间是……
强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．—Are you going to get your own car after the test?
—My parents have said they’ll get one for me.
2．The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use it to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
解题指导
如何正确判断代词
1．通过句子成分确定填什么代词
分析句子成分，如果句中缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；如果宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。

[例](四川卷)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.
[分析]me设空处作介词of的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格；再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填写me。

2．通过句式结构判断是否填it
[例](陕西卷)I appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
[分析]it句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。

I’d appreciate it if...为固定句型，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。

it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代下文if从句的内容。

考点一
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world.
2．To save class time, our teacher has us(we) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.
考点二
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．The best children’s books are neither very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy the child who hears the story and the adult who reads it.
2．With one phone, I was listening to the radio show, and on another phone, I had my friend telling me funny things.
考点三
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．—Are you going to get your own car after the test?
—My p arents have said they’ll get one for me.
2．The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use it to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
单句语法填空
1．(2019·河南八市重点高中质检)For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For ，most books are sold at a lower price.
another解析：句意：一方面，它们有助于我们开阔视野。

另一方面，大多数书都以较低的价格出售。

For one thing..., for another...为固定搭配，意为“一方面……另一方面……”。

2．(2019·安庆模拟)He admitted that when comes to repairing a computer, he had little
knowledge of it.
it解析：句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。

when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。

故填it。

3．(2019·北京海淀区二模)People used to expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than of Tokyo’s.
that解析：句意：人们过去常常期待上海迪士尼乐园提供的服务比东京迪士尼乐园提供的更好。

根据than可知，此句为比较级结构，将上海迪士尼乐园的服务和东京迪士尼乐园的服务进行比较。

设空处替代前面提到的不可数名词service，指同类但不同物，故应用that指代。

4．(2019·河南许昌平顶山两市联考)Rather than being the by-product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in (it)．
itself解析：句意：觉得幸福不是幸福生活的副产品，而是自身的目标。

in oneself 是固定搭配，意为“本身，自身”。

5．(2019·江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life. has achieved great success without lots of failures.
Nobody解析：句意：失败是我们生活的一部分，没有人不经历很多失败就会获得巨大成功。

根据句意可知，此处表示否定意义，指“没有人”，故填nobody。

6．(2019·河北邢台质检)Obesity researchers hate when I say this, but their ow n data shows that obesity is not going to kill us.
it解析：句意：肥胖症研究者讨厌我这样说，但是他们自己的数据表明肥胖症不会害死我们。

此句用hate it when...习惯搭配，表示“讨厌……”。

7．(2019·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced (her)．
herself解析：句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。

设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。

8．(2019·日照一模)Every country has (it) own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one.
its解析：考查代词的格。

代词修饰其后的名词应用所有格形式，故填its。

9．(2019·河南洛阳统考)“As soon as he opens(he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，”said his music teacher.
his解析：考查代词。

根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。

10．(2019·沈阳检测)It was time for dinner and was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
it解析：考查主语从句。

分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空处是形式主语，故用it。