气候变化 英语论文

Climate change has become one of the major issue in cities in 21st century, which has many negative impacts on the development of cities. It is reported that these changes will contribute to broad ranging effects and economic expenses across different sectors and regions. (Hunt, A. & Watkiss, P. 2011, P47). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, climate change refers to any charges in climate over time, whether owing to natural uncertainty or as a result of human action. (IPCC)This essay is about the 3 problems which are caused by the climate change such as sae-level rising, high energy demand and the threaten to human health, and suggest 3 solutions for it, Iike mitigation, adaptation and urban planning.

The Changing climate influences society and human in a wide variety of ways, Firstly, it will 5eri0dSly Cause the sea-level rising, Which will threaten the coastal residents. It is reported that about 65% of citizens with population more than 5 million live near the coast (McGranahan et al. 2006, p51). It is so crucial that more floods and tsunami will be more frequent to occur in the rtes. Secondly, energy demand is also linked to climate change. For instance, in Europe, the cooling demand in summer increases significantly, but the heating demand in winter is reduced (EEA, 2008 p64).In addition, the most important issue is that climate change will also affect human health in both direct and indirect ways, for instance, the increasing transmission of food-borne, or vector-borne causes of disease, or effects on welfare from flooding (McMichael et al. 2004, p55). In order to deal with these problems some solutions are suggested in the essay.

The first solution is mitigation which refers to reducing the discharge of the green house gases. GHG emission is one of the main causes of the global climate change and recent survey estimates that 72% of global energy-related carbon emissions are produced by urban areas (IEA, p44). Therefore, it is necessary for humans to spare no efforts to mitigate the GHG emission. There are many cost-effective opportunities to mitigate the GHG emission, such as promoting cleaner sources of energy and more environmental-protection public infrastructure ,improved industrial actions (EPA). In addition, planting more trees can not only help mitigate, but also can beautify the city. However, GHG emission has close-related relationship to the development of cities, it is difficult to take the balance between mitigation and city development.

The second solution is adaptation. It refers that government should take action for citizens to adapt to the influences which are caused by the climate change. Many adaptation measures have connection with mitigation strategies (IPCC,P58). There are a wide range of activities including in coastal adoption measures that inducts expanding setbacks and instituting other land-use arrays to enable wetlands and beaches to migrate island, upgrading and redesigning public facilities such as roads bridges, culverts and the systems which observe the storm water.(IPCC) Adaptation can also help satisfy the energy demand, such as protecting critical energy production facilities and relocating important business installations. Moreover, human health problems can be solved by improving public communication during specific health risks and monitoring emerging health risks. Adaptation is really a suitable solution to climate change, if the governments take the correct action.