句子之间的逻辑关系

句子之间的逻辑关系
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test、Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest、
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report、72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process、73
The following methods may work best for you、
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it、
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts、
●Write your notes in your own words、
●74
●Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written、
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记)、When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time、75
A、Use words not complete sentences、
B、There are three practical note-taking methods、
C、You must write your notes on separate paper、
D、Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later、
E、You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes、
F、That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in
your notes、
G、First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to
understand and remember it、
1、理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容就是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个层次,各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致,但它所表达的内容都就是要围绕中心的,各句之间都有一定的语脉,从逻辑意义上来瞧,语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。

构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。

上文中,第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways”与下面几句就是解释关系。

解释关系就是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证,使意思更加明了、具体。

后三句之间就是平列关系,句与句之间处于平等并列的地位,互不相属,而只就是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。

平列关系组合的语段,在次序上并不固定,如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。

第二段的第一句与第二句就是层递关系,层递关系就是一种固定的顺序关系,但又不同于顺序关系,顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列,不可随意改变次序,通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍,而层递关系组合的语段就是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到
重、由浅入深的排列。

第三句与第四句就是解释关系,第一、二句组合为一个语段,第三、四句组合为另外一个语段,语段与语段之间就是总分关系。

总分关系就是指前面的句子陈述两个或两个以上的对象,后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。

用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应,彼此配合,使语脉清楚,条分缕析,如“Whenever or however you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应,彼此配合,为前句选“E、you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes、”埋伏了一笔,逻辑性很强。

第三段的第一句与下面几句就是解释关系,而后列举的方法就是平列关系。

第四段的最后两句就是转折关系,句与句之间存在意义的转折,通常表达对比或对照的意思。

2、找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系就是:
承接关系(如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等);
平列关系(如first, se cond, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another …; to begin with, to conclude等);
转折关系(如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, otherwise等);
层递关系(如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等)。

比如上面试题中的选项71,由Second、Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G、项; 如72 选项与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的E、项句子,或者就是解释关系;如73选项应选F、选项,与74选项平等的,就是一组祈使句,而非陈述句,故应选A、项而非B项。

总之,对一个语段或语篇的分析,可以按以上所述步骤进行;如选项75与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D、项答案。