基础英语写作第2章
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第二部分 文 体 篇
第一节 一 般 文 体
一、记叙文 1. 客观记叙文(Objective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法 2. 主观记叙文(Subjective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法
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二、描写文
1. 客观描写文(Objective Description)
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一、礼仪类
2. 书信
1) 邀请函
(1) 一般的邀请函 (2) 请柬
2)
应邀函
应邀函(Reply Expressing Acceptance of an Invitation)又 称邀请信的复信，是指受邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受答复 的回复。
3)
谢绝函
谢绝函(Reply Expressing Refusal of an Invitation)是指受 邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受谢绝的回复。
2. 写作要求
(1) (2) (3) 主题明确。 提供例证。 在提出观点和例证时采用正面说明的方式。
3. 写作方法
说明文常见的组织方式有时间、过程、举例、对比、 定义、分类、因果等。
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四、论说文
1. 特点
作者要考虑如何阐述自己的观点来说服读者。
2. 写作方法
1) 归纳法
它是一种逻辑推理方式。归纳法运用到论文写作时， 需要先列举事实，然后根据事实自然地引申出一个 符合逻辑的结论。
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一、礼仪类
4) 告别词
(1) I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the assistance you have rendered me during my stay in your country. (2) I really like your company and your faculty and stuff members, who are so kind, helpful and pleasant to get acquainted with. I have learnt a lot from them. (3) Your… is an ideal place to visit, to learn from, and to do research in. (4) I do hope that we will build on the many friendships we made, and to establish relationship between our two companies in the future. (5) I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to your again. (6) May the friendship ties between our two people be further developed and consolidated. (7) May I wish you every success for the future. (8) Let me propose a toast to our friendship! (9) Cheers! / Bottom up!
特点 写作要求和方法 (1) 使用形象化的语言 (2) 使用空间顺序描写 2. 主观描写文(Subjective Description) 1) 2)
1) 2) 特点 写作要求和方法
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三、说明文
1. 特点
它是根据作者对某一事物的了解向读者进行介绍、 解释或说明，应充分考虑如何使读者更清楚地理解 文章的内容、了解所要说明的事物。
2)
演绎法
依据一条一般原理，针对某一具体情况进行推论， 进而得出结论。
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一、礼仪类 1. 致词 1)
第二节 实 用 文 体
欢迎词 欢迎词常用语： (1) On behalf of...,I am delighted to welcome all of you to... / On behalf of …, allow me to extend welcome to you (2) I’m honored to have this opportunity to welcome all of you to ... (3) It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you all to... (4) It gives me great pleasure to welcome all of you to... (5) It is my pleasant duty to extend to you a cordial welcome on behalf of... (6) It is a real honor and privilege for us to welcome you to ... (7) It is with a profound feeling of pleasure and privilege that,on behalf of...,I extend a heat welcome to you all,especially to the distinguished guests from... (8) As the chairperson of this symposium,I have the pleasure and honor of welcoming all of you to this international meeting. (9) May I welcome all of you to... (10) On behalf of...,I bid a warm welcome to you all gathered here to participate... (11) May I begin by welcoming you to...
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3) 欢送词
一、礼仪类
(1) Today, we gather here to have a send-off meeting. … is going to leave her post and return to her country. (2) Times fly so quickly and your visit to China is drawing a close before we part , I would like to say a few words. (3) Now she will leave … soon. We thank her very much for her wonderful work and wish her to have a good journey. (4) However this is the beginning of our friendship. We believe that this friendship will continue to grow in the future . Parting is such sweet sorrow , happy to meet ,sorry to depart ,and happy to meet again. (5) We’ll be very sorry to see him go. (6) Finally, we want to take this opportunity to beg him to convey our profound friendship and best regards to his people. (7) I wish you a very pleasant journey home. (8) Hope you’ll have a pleasant trip! / Wish you a pleasant journey. (9) Goodbye and good luck! (10) Wish you a safe trip home!
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一、礼仪类
5) 悼词 (1) … died peacefully in her sleep on Saturday, 30th March 2002, at …. (2) Her life was devoted to the service of her country, the fulfilment of her duties and the support of her family. (3) We should remember… for her great sense of humor and her zest for life. (4) Not only did he enjoy life to the full, he helped others to do so. His longevity and vitality in old age gave hope to older people everywhere. (5) For the life of …, we give our thanks and praise. (6) It seemed to him that a human being has to do more than just work. (7) He had a very positive attitude toward work and life. (8) He had a sense of responsibility and approached things very enthusiastically. (9) He was a curious person, and he liked to learn new things. (10) We lost … only days ago, but we have missed him for a long time. (11) May God bless …, and the country he loved. (12) Now，death has done all that death can do. And as … goes his way，we are left with the joyful hope he shared.
4)
祝贺信
祝贺信(Letter of Congratulation)是由于亲朋好友订婚、结婚、 金榜题名、喜得贵子、生日、提拔等原因向其道贺的信件。
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邀请函常用语
邀请函常用语：
① I’d like ...to come to dinner. 非常希望……共进晚餐。 ② Request the pleasure of… 恭请…… ③ The favor of a reply is requested. 敬赐复函。 ④ May I have the honor of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临。 ⑤ We have pleasure in inviting you to our annual conference. 很荣幸能邀请您参加我们的年会。 ⑥ I hope you’re not too busy to come. 我期望您会在百忙中光临。 ⑦ The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于……在……举行
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一、礼仪类
2) 答谢词
(1) Please accept my sincere appreciation of Mr. … (2) Many thanks for your hospitality. (3) Please give my best regards to the people who prepared the party for me. (4) I hope that I may be able to return your kindness in future. (5) We do owe Mr. … a great “ thank you”.
第二部分 文 体 篇
第一节 一 般 文 体
一、记叙文 1. 客观记叙文(Objective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法 2. 主观记叙文(Subjective Narration) 1) 特点 2) 写作要求和方法
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二、描写文
1. 客观描写文(Objective Description)
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一、礼仪类
2. 书信
1) 邀请函
(1) 一般的邀请函 (2) 请柬
2)
应邀函
应邀函(Reply Expressing Acceptance of an Invitation)又 称邀请信的复信，是指受邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受答复 的回复。
3)
谢绝函
谢绝函(Reply Expressing Refusal of an Invitation)是指受 邀请人在收到请柬后表示接受谢绝的回复。
2. 写作要求
(1) (2) (3) 主题明确。 提供例证。 在提出观点和例证时采用正面说明的方式。
3. 写作方法
说明文常见的组织方式有时间、过程、举例、对比、 定义、分类、因果等。
5
四、论说文
1. 特点
作者要考虑如何阐述自己的观点来说服读者。
2. 写作方法
1) 归纳法
它是一种逻辑推理方式。归纳法运用到论文写作时， 需要先列举事实，然后根据事实自然地引申出一个 符合逻辑的结论。
9
一、礼仪类
4) 告别词
(1) I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the assistance you have rendered me during my stay in your country. (2) I really like your company and your faculty and stuff members, who are so kind, helpful and pleasant to get acquainted with. I have learnt a lot from them. (3) Your… is an ideal place to visit, to learn from, and to do research in. (4) I do hope that we will build on the many friendships we made, and to establish relationship between our two companies in the future. (5) I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to your again. (6) May the friendship ties between our two people be further developed and consolidated. (7) May I wish you every success for the future. (8) Let me propose a toast to our friendship! (9) Cheers! / Bottom up!
特点 写作要求和方法 (1) 使用形象化的语言 (2) 使用空间顺序描写 2. 主观描写文(Subjective Description) 1) 2)
1) 2) 特点 写作要求和方法
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三、说明文
1. 特点
它是根据作者对某一事物的了解向读者进行介绍、 解释或说明，应充分考虑如何使读者更清楚地理解 文章的内容、了解所要说明的事物。
2)
演绎法
依据一条一般原理，针对某一具体情况进行推论， 进而得出结论。
6
一、礼仪类 1. 致词 1)
第二节 实 用 文 体
欢迎词 欢迎词常用语： (1) On behalf of...,I am delighted to welcome all of you to... / On behalf of …, allow me to extend welcome to you (2) I’m honored to have this opportunity to welcome all of you to ... (3) It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you all to... (4) It gives me great pleasure to welcome all of you to... (5) It is my pleasant duty to extend to you a cordial welcome on behalf of... (6) It is a real honor and privilege for us to welcome you to ... (7) It is with a profound feeling of pleasure and privilege that,on behalf of...,I extend a heat welcome to you all,especially to the distinguished guests from... (8) As the chairperson of this symposium,I have the pleasure and honor of welcoming all of you to this international meeting. (9) May I welcome all of you to... (10) On behalf of...,I bid a warm welcome to you all gathered here to participate... (11) May I begin by welcoming you to...
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3) 欢送词
一、礼仪类
(1) Today, we gather here to have a send-off meeting. … is going to leave her post and return to her country. (2) Times fly so quickly and your visit to China is drawing a close before we part , I would like to say a few words. (3) Now she will leave … soon. We thank her very much for her wonderful work and wish her to have a good journey. (4) However this is the beginning of our friendship. We believe that this friendship will continue to grow in the future . Parting is such sweet sorrow , happy to meet ,sorry to depart ,and happy to meet again. (5) We’ll be very sorry to see him go. (6) Finally, we want to take this opportunity to beg him to convey our profound friendship and best regards to his people. (7) I wish you a very pleasant journey home. (8) Hope you’ll have a pleasant trip! / Wish you a pleasant journey. (9) Goodbye and good luck! (10) Wish you a safe trip home!
10
一、礼仪类
5) 悼词 (1) … died peacefully in her sleep on Saturday, 30th March 2002, at …. (2) Her life was devoted to the service of her country, the fulfilment of her duties and the support of her family. (3) We should remember… for her great sense of humor and her zest for life. (4) Not only did he enjoy life to the full, he helped others to do so. His longevity and vitality in old age gave hope to older people everywhere. (5) For the life of …, we give our thanks and praise. (6) It seemed to him that a human being has to do more than just work. (7) He had a very positive attitude toward work and life. (8) He had a sense of responsibility and approached things very enthusiastically. (9) He was a curious person, and he liked to learn new things. (10) We lost … only days ago, but we have missed him for a long time. (11) May God bless …, and the country he loved. (12) Now，death has done all that death can do. And as … goes his way，we are left with the joyful hope he shared.
4)
祝贺信
祝贺信(Letter of Congratulation)是由于亲朋好友订婚、结婚、 金榜题名、喜得贵子、生日、提拔等原因向其道贺的信件。
12
邀请函常用语
邀请函常用语：
① I’d like ...to come to dinner. 非常希望……共进晚餐。 ② Request the pleasure of… 恭请…… ③ The favor of a reply is requested. 敬赐复函。 ④ May I have the honor of your company at dinner? 敬备菲酌，恭请光临。 ⑤ We have pleasure in inviting you to our annual conference. 很荣幸能邀请您参加我们的年会。 ⑥ I hope you’re not too busy to come. 我期望您会在百忙中光临。 ⑦ The reception will be held in ...,on ... 招待会定于……在……举行
7
一、礼仪类
2) 答谢词
(1) Please accept my sincere appreciation of Mr. … (2) Many thanks for your hospitality. (3) Please give my best regards to the people who prepared the party for me. (4) I hope that I may be able to return your kindness in future. (5) We do owe Mr. … a great “ thank you”.