高中英语概要写作解析与练习

概要写作(Summary Writing)解析与练习

一、概要写作概述：

浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。全国卷在2021年的高考当中也将采用新高考的形式。相比传统的写作来说，该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战，是难度较高的写作形式。

(1)任务要求：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

(2)考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

(3)评分原则：

1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

(3)上下文的连贯性；

(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

(4)各档次的给分范围和要求：

第五档

(21－25)

—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。

—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。

—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。

—完全使用自己的语言。

第四档

(16－20)

—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。

—所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。

—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。

—有个别整句抄自原文。

第三档

(11－15)

—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。

—所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达。

—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。

—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。

第二档

(6－10)

—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。

—有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。

—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。

—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。

第一档

(1－5)

—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。

—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。

—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。

—多个句子抄自原文。

0分

白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。

二、样题及分析：

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thou ght to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King

of France，was fa mously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighb or ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.

(One possible version)

Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have deve loped the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)

参考答案分析：

精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；（2）准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop the belief”，“choose to believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been c hanging代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt；要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against；要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health；要点4用today