父亲参与幼儿教养现状分析及建议对策

父亲参与幼儿教养现状分析及建议对策

—以北京市某幼儿园为例

摘要

本研究以北京市某幼儿园3—6岁的幼儿父亲为研究对象，借助问卷和访谈法分析3-6岁幼儿父亲教养的现状及产生这种现状的原因，进而提出针对性的建议对策。本研究调查了该园180名幼儿的父亲，分别访谈了其中3名父亲和班长。结果表明：（1）大部分父亲都比较重视幼儿的早期家庭教养，对自身抚养能力自信，能够意识到自己在幼儿成长中的独特作用；大部分家庭尤其是母亲也鼓励父亲与幼儿多接触，多交流。但是父亲实际参与教养的程度不高。（2）父亲参与教养的实际内容中得分最高的是间接支持，接着为规则约束、情感表达、日常教育、学业鼓励、关注监督、日常互动，得分最低的是自我提升。（3）影响父亲参与幼儿教养的因素既包含父亲自身，也包括幼儿本身，家庭成员的支持程度及其幼儿园的推动等。（4）父亲，家庭，幼儿园以及社会需共同采取措施促进父亲参与教养。

关键词：父亲，幼儿教养，现状分析，建议

An Analysis of the Current Situation of Father 's Participation in Early Childhood Education and Suggested Countermeasures - A Case Study of a

Kindergarten in Beijing

Abstract

This study took questionnaire method and interview method to investigate 3-6 years old children's fathers of a kindergarten in Beijing, trying to understand the present situation of children's father's involvement in children-parenting so that we can find the reasons and take relevant measures to improve it. This study investigated the fathers of 180 children in a kindergarten, interviewed three of the fathers and monitors. Result of the research shows: (1) most of the fathers attach great importance to family-centered early education. They have confidence in their own ability and believe they can realize their own unique role; most families, especially mothers also encourage father to contact their children and talk more. But actually, the father involved in the degree of education is not high. (2) the highest content of father's participation in children-parenting is indirect support, followed by rule restriction,

emotional expression, daily education, academic encouragement, attention and supervision, daily interaction, the lowest score is self-promotion. (3) Factors which drive the father to participate in early childhood care including the fathers, the children, the support of family members and the promotion of kindergarten and so on.

(4)Take measures with fathers themselves, families, kindergartens and society to promote fathers' participation in early childhood education.

Key words: father, preschool education, the present situation analysis, suggested countermeasures

一、问题提出

（一）选题由来

近几年，随着《爸爸去哪儿》、《爸爸回来了》等真人秀节目的热播，父亲再次回到大众的视野。一篇名为《父亲在儿童成长中多重要？》的文章的发表使得社会各界开始重新审视父亲在儿童发展中的角色，“父子关系”以及“父子参与教养”等问题也引起了社会各界的广泛关注。幼儿期是儿童发展的关键期，父亲作为幼儿发展过程中的启蒙教师之一，在幼儿的成长中具有独特而不可替代的作用，这主要体现在以下两个方面：一、父亲对孩子成长的方方面面都有很重要的影响；二、在孩子成长过程中，父亲和母亲所起的作用是不同且独特的。比如，母亲可以更多地给予幼儿安慰与关心，父亲可以为幼儿树立模仿的榜样。现实生活中，父亲往往在幼儿成长的过程中处于缺失状态。父亲在幼儿成长过程中所起的独特作用以及父亲参与的现状都急需呼唤父亲参与到幼儿教养中来。

（二）选题意义

1.理论意义

本研究希望一方面可以继续丰富相关的理论体系，完善已有的研究成果；另一方面可以为以往父亲参与教养的理论研究提供可靠的实证支持。

2.实践意义

本研究期望通过问卷法和访谈法了解北京市某幼儿园的幼儿父亲参与教养的现状，找到产生这些现状的原因，并在此基础上提出一些针对性建议，使得幼儿父亲可以认识到教养的重要性，在一定程度上改变自己的育儿观念，也可以更清楚的知道怎样参与到教养中去，提高幼儿教养的程度。