英语语音及拼读规则

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英语语音及拼读规则
• 48个音素 • 1.20 个元音(vowels) 单元音 • 前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [æ ] 中元音 [ə:] [ə] [ʌ] 后元音 [a:] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u] [u:] • 双元音 • 开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] 集中双元音 [iə] [εə] [uə]
• ui / i /build • / u:/ fruit • uy • /aɪ/ buy guy
6.元音字母与辅音字母组合的发音 al - [ɔ:] all call ball wall walk 有时发 [ɔ:l ] also salt always almost… aw [ɔ:] saw law draw air - [εə ] air hair chair
• u在非重读音节中有四种发音 • /ə/ August, chorus • /ju/ documentary, singular /u/或/u:/:July; /i/:minute
• 5.元音字母与元音字母组合发音规则 • ai /ei/ • aid aim afraid explain wait waiter paid campaign rain grain remain chain gain train tail rail railway laid Spain training raincoat fail waitress daily pain mainly main sail e-mail paint straight complain • /i/ bargain captain mountain • /e/against again said • 不发音certain curtain certainly
• • • • •
e在非重读音节中的发音: /ə/ camera, children, comedy; /i/ because, basketball, chicken; /i:/:maybe(注:e在maybe中也可发短音/i/.); 不发音:every, interesting
• • • •
• • • • • • • •
ew - [ju:] new few sew [u:] blew threw flew (r+ew, l+ew) eer- [iə] pioneer volunteer ear [ iə ] ear near hear dear clear [ ɛə ] pear bear [ ə: ] year early eigh [ei] eight weight )
ou /aʊ/ out about mouth loud trousers house blouse mountain south /ʌ/ country young trouble double southern couple touch cousin courage /u: / group route wound you /əʊ/ soul shoulder /ə/ famous nervous favourite moustache poisonous dangerous delicious
• ign [ai ] sign • igh [ai] light night bright right fight flight • (gh 不发音
• oar /ɔ:/ board • ow [əʊ ] know row slow throw snow [au ] how now cow crowd brown town flower down • oor [ɔ: ] door floor (注意poor [puə ] ) • ough - [ɔ: ] bought brought thought • our - [ɔ: ] your four • [ˈauə ]our hour • [ə ] colour neighbour
• • • • • •
oo /u:/ choose tooth food moon cool loose room too zoo bamboo boot shoot /ʊ/ book good wood foot bedroom classroom /ʌ/ blood flood
• • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
ea/i:/easy eat east each eager ease best cheap clean leaf mean dream creature sea tea /e/ bread breakfast breath head ready treasure health /eɪ/ break great greatly greatness yea /ɪə/ hearing real realize theatre idea area Korea 其它/ə/ ocean /不发音/ beauty
• • • • • • •
• •
3.元音字母在开音节与闭音节中的发音: 1)开音节 A)相对开音节: 1个元音字母+ 1个辅音字母(r除外)+不 发音的e 结尾 game, nice, make, these, home B)绝对开音节: 1个辅音字母+ 1个发音元音字母 结尾 的重 读音节 go be me by cry she he student, baby
• 2)闭音节 • 一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外) 结尾的重读音节称为闭音节。 • 例:map, desk, is little
3)元音字母在开、闭音节中的发音
字 母 a e
开音 例 词 节 [ei] name plane [i:] we she bike knife sky fly no home use ruler
• • • • • • •
ie / i:/ believe field piece niece achievement belief species / ai / die tie lie / aiə / quiet science society scientist variety / ɪə / experience nutrient
闭音 例 节 [æ ] [e] [i]

bag back pen bed desk is it big
i(y) [ai]
o
u
[əu]
[ju:] [u:]
[ɔ ]
[ʌ ]
box boss not
bus nut but
• • • • • •
元音字母在单词中的特殊发音 1. a在[w]音后面 [ɔ ] want what watch wash quality 但water [ˈw ɔ:tə](英) 2.a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
• • • • •
ey /i:/ key /eɪ/ hey obey grey they okey /ɪ/ volleyball money honey monkey journey valley
• • • • • • •
ia /jə/ Canadian Christian Italian Oceania Indian /iə/ pianist librarian material memorial Australia bacteria /aiə/ diary diamond trial
• au/ ɔ:/autumn August author astronaut pause cause fault launch caught • /ɒ/Australia Austria because • /ɑ:/aunt laugh laughter • /ə/restaurant
• ay • /eɪ/ daybreak maybe playground someday • birthday day today weekday pay repay • pray way highway away say essay may • stay lay play delay • /ɪ/ Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday • Friday Saturday Sunday
• io/jə/union million opinion champion companion • /ɪə/idiot idiom period • /aɪə/lion violin pioneer • /ə/religion suspicion fashion
• iou • /ɪə/ curious obvious serious various mysterious • behaviour • /ə/ conscious anxious precious religious
• ee /i:/green deed jeep street Greece • agree bee see knee tree three greedy • free degree teeth feet geese thirteen • teenager heel • /i/ coffee
• ei • /i:/ either receive ceiling seize neither • • /ai/ either neither height • /ei/ eight neighbor
• oe • /əʊ/Joe toe Crusoe tБайду номын сангаасptoe • /u:/ canoe shoe
• oi / oy • / ɔi / oil join noise voice point soil boil • disappointed poison choice • boy boyhood joy enjoy overjoy • destroy toy joyful voyage
i(y)在非重读音节中是发这三种音: /ə/ activity, April; /i/ difficult, English ; /ai/: exercise, ideal
• o在非重读音节中的发音略有变化: • /ə/ carrot, computer, introduce,history; /əu/ hotel, November, photo
• 2.28个辅音( consonants) • 爆破音 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] 摩擦音 清辅音 [ f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h] 浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð] [r] • 破擦音 清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz] 鼻音(浊辅音) [m] [n] [ŋ] 舌侧音(浊辅音) [l] 半元音 (浊辅音) [w] [ j ]
• 3.i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] • find child light high • 4.o在-st -ld前 [əu ] • most postcard old cold • 5.o在m n v th前 [ʌ ] • come monkey love mother
4.元音字母在非重读音节中的发音 元音字母在非重读音节中一般发/ i /或 / ə / 如: a在非重读音节中的发音: • /ə/ about, breakfast, camera; • /i/ orange, language; • 不发音:festival
• iu • /jə/stadium genius radium • /ə/Belgium
• oa • /əʊ/oak (橡树 ) coal charcoal(木炭) goat Joan road • boat throat float coast goal • /ɔ:/ broad broadcast
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