桥梁抗震英文稿

桥梁抗震摘要

San Fernando 地震、唐山大地震、Loma Prieta 地震、Northridge 地震、阪神地震、集集地震等破坏性地震使交通系统严重毁坏，地震造成的交通中断直接影响着救灾工作的进行，扩大了次生灾害损失，使生命财产遭受巨大损失。近30 多年来，地震灾害的沉痛教训不断地警示着世人，使人们对桥梁的抗震研究工作逐渐受到重视，桥梁抗震理论及技术水平日渐提高。桥梁作为城市建设的主体结构，其抗震设计直接关系整个城市的公共安全，研究现代城市桥梁抗震设计是非常必要的。简要叙述了桥梁抗震研究中概念、分析方法、设计方法、抗震设计规范、减震加固技术的历史概况和现状，并展望了今后桥梁抗震研究的发展趋势。

Abstract

San Fernando Earthquake, Tangshan Earthquake, Loma Prieta Earthquake, Northridge Earthquake,Kobe Earthquake and Chi-Chi Earthquake etc. destroyed the transportation system seriously. The interrupted transportation induced by earthquake will affect salvation, enlarge loss of parasitic infestation. In recent 30 years,lessons of earthquake damage have taught us to make the research on aseismic design for bridges to be recognized gradually. Consequently, the methodology and technology about aseismic design are improved. As the main structure of the bridge of urban construction, the seismic design of the city is directly related to public safety, the study of modern urban bridge seismic design is necessary.The concept and method for analysis and design, code for aseismic design and technology for reducing seismic response and retrofitting are developed. At this end, the history,

state-of-art and future of this research field are discussed.

Earthquake is one of the most severe natural disasters. It's shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of Earth's rocky shell. Its results can be very horrible.The earthquake has always been a serious natural disasters to human.Especially in the last 20 years, there have been many large earthquakes in the world, including many destructive earthquakes concentrated in the city, causing a very heavy loss of life and property.The Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 and Japan Earthquake in 2011 are the most severe earthquakes in recent years, causing huge casualties and property losses. But earthquakes almost never kill people directly. Many deaths and injuries in earthquaking result

from falling objects and the collapse of buildings.

As you have learned last week,bridge is an important part of transportation.When the bridges lose function in the earthquake,it will not only hinder the timely relief operations,making secondary disasters increase, resulting in a huge loss of life and property as well as indirect economic,but also make the restoration and reconstruction difficult to go on.

Next,let’s look at how the bridge is destroyed.There are mainly four kinds of forms of the damage.One is the superstructure

damage,second,support connection damage.Third, abutment, pier st,foundation damage.Then,I’ll show you some pictures taken in wenchuan earthquake.

Generally speaking, the bridge consists of four basic components:superstructure,substructure, bearing and

accessory.Superstructure is the main load-bearing

structure.Substructure:including piers , abutments and foundation.Bearing: it is located in the pier top, power transmission apparatus for supporting the upper structure.Accessory:bridge decking ,expansion joint and so on.

Then,what are the causes of the damage?

1.failure of the support fitting :

In the earthquake, if support connections can not afford the relative displacement of the upper and lower structure, support connections may fail.

2.failure of the substructure:

Due to failure of the piers and abutments, the superstructure of its support will also be seriously damaged.

3.failure of the weak foundation:

Aseismatic measures:

Engineering measures are the basic disaster reduction countermeasures.In order to prevent or reduce damage, improve the seismic capability of structure, made to the structure improvement and strengthening treatment, commonly known as seismic fortification measures.

measures 1: increase the ductility