桥梁与隧道工程英文简介(课堂PPT)
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土木工程桥梁专业英语 ppt课件
(1991m)
Types of Bridges
1. Beam bridge 2. Arch Bridge 3. Moveable bridge 4. Cable-Stayed Bridge 5. Suspension Bridge
Beam bridge
• a bridge that utilizes girders as the means of supporting the deck
mae
• span 600 to 1200 m -- way farther than any other type of bridge
• Most suspension bridges have a truss system beneath the roadway to resist bending and twisting.
Thank you
Moveable bridge
• Beam is moveable • Advantage： lower cost • Disadvantage：traffic must be halted when
it is opened
Moveable bridge
• All kinds of moveable bridges
• the most commonly built and utilized bridge • the most simplified form • No moments are transferred throughout the
support
Arch Bridge
One or more arches Masonry, reinforced concrete or steel deck arch bridge(上承式拱桥) through arch
Types of Bridges
1. Beam bridge 2. Arch Bridge 3. Moveable bridge 4. Cable-Stayed Bridge 5. Suspension Bridge
Beam bridge
• a bridge that utilizes girders as the means of supporting the deck
mae
• span 600 to 1200 m -- way farther than any other type of bridge
• Most suspension bridges have a truss system beneath the roadway to resist bending and twisting.
Thank you
Moveable bridge
• Beam is moveable • Advantage： lower cost • Disadvantage：traffic must be halted when
it is opened
Moveable bridge
• All kinds of moveable bridges
• the most commonly built and utilized bridge • the most simplified form • No moments are transferred throughout the
support
Arch Bridge
One or more arches Masonry, reinforced concrete or steel deck arch bridge(上承式拱桥) through arch
关于桥的介绍ppt课件
9
Python Bridge, Amsterdam
This dipping Borneo-Sporenburg pedestrian bridge is
one of three that connects Amsterdam with Borneo
Island. Its unusual shape lends it the name "Python
Like a modern drawbridge, London's Rolling
Bridge unfurls to connect workers and
residents to two sides of the Grand Union
Canal without obstructing boats.
Made for walking: The world’s most aesthetic footbridges
1
Helix（螺旋） Bridge, Singapore This twisting bridge, modeled after the DNA structure, holds the title of the world's first curved bridge. Linking the Marina Bay and Marina Center in Singapore, the three-yearold Helix Bridge symbolizes life and continuity with its intertwining steel frame. It also hosts five viewing platforms to take in the city's skyline
Python Bridge, Amsterdam
This dipping Borneo-Sporenburg pedestrian bridge is
one of three that connects Amsterdam with Borneo
Island. Its unusual shape lends it the name "Python
Like a modern drawbridge, London's Rolling
Bridge unfurls to connect workers and
residents to two sides of the Grand Union
Canal without obstructing boats.
Made for walking: The world’s most aesthetic footbridges
1
Helix（螺旋） Bridge, Singapore This twisting bridge, modeled after the DNA structure, holds the title of the world's first curved bridge. Linking the Marina Bay and Marina Center in Singapore, the three-yearold Helix Bridge symbolizes life and continuity with its intertwining steel frame. It also hosts five viewing platforms to take in the city's skyline
建筑工程专业英语课件(全)
Unit1
一、本单元学习要求 二、text学习 介绍text专业背景 词汇和短语 课程内容分析 课程内容难点分析 完成课后练习 三、reading material作为课后要求 四、supplement学习
一、本单元学习要求
1、掌握关于土木工程常用的英语专业词汇 的表示；
2、通过课程内容分析，概括土木工程所包 含的内容，并与中文专业表述进行比较， 进一步理解专业英语的表述；
3、课后自行阅读reading material，了解 土木行业的相关职业，能看懂并会写简 单的求职信；
4、学习专业英语中科技论文阅读技巧；
二、text学习
——Civil Engineering
专业背景介绍
所谓土木，是指一切和水、土、文化有关的基础建 设的计划、建造和维修。现时一般的土木工作项 目包括：道路、水务、渠务、防洪工程及交通等。 过去曾经将一切非军事用途的民用工程项目，归 类入本类，但随着工程科学日益广阔，不少原来 属于土木工程范围的内容都已经独立成科。目前， 从狭义定义上来说，土木工程（Civil Engineering） 也就是民用工程，即建筑工程（或称结构工程）、 桥梁与隧道工程、岩土工程、公路与城市道路、 铁路工程等这个小范围。
土木工程提出了特殊的挑战，因为由土木工程师设计建造 的每个结构或系统都是惟一的。一个结构几乎不能完全复 制成为另一个。
（2）Brevity简洁
专业英语的内容通常包括理论分析、公式推导和 研究的目的、范围、方法、步骤、结论等。在不 影响表达的前提下，语言应尽可能简洁，避免不 必要的润饰和重复，但并不排除会使用复杂句或 长句。
材料的屈服准则指可能导致材料屈服的应力组合 的数学表达式。换句话说，它表示应力与强度之 间的关系。
一、本单元学习要求 二、text学习 介绍text专业背景 词汇和短语 课程内容分析 课程内容难点分析 完成课后练习 三、reading material作为课后要求 四、supplement学习
一、本单元学习要求
1、掌握关于土木工程常用的英语专业词汇 的表示；
2、通过课程内容分析，概括土木工程所包 含的内容，并与中文专业表述进行比较， 进一步理解专业英语的表述；
3、课后自行阅读reading material，了解 土木行业的相关职业，能看懂并会写简 单的求职信；
4、学习专业英语中科技论文阅读技巧；
二、text学习
——Civil Engineering
专业背景介绍
所谓土木，是指一切和水、土、文化有关的基础建 设的计划、建造和维修。现时一般的土木工作项 目包括：道路、水务、渠务、防洪工程及交通等。 过去曾经将一切非军事用途的民用工程项目，归 类入本类，但随着工程科学日益广阔，不少原来 属于土木工程范围的内容都已经独立成科。目前， 从狭义定义上来说，土木工程（Civil Engineering） 也就是民用工程，即建筑工程（或称结构工程）、 桥梁与隧道工程、岩土工程、公路与城市道路、 铁路工程等这个小范围。
土木工程提出了特殊的挑战，因为由土木工程师设计建造 的每个结构或系统都是惟一的。一个结构几乎不能完全复 制成为另一个。
（2）Brevity简洁
专业英语的内容通常包括理论分析、公式推导和 研究的目的、范围、方法、步骤、结论等。在不 影响表达的前提下，语言应尽可能简洁，避免不 必要的润饰和重复，但并不排除会使用复杂句或 长句。
材料的屈服准则指可能导致材料屈服的应力组合 的数学表达式。换句话说，它表示应力与强度之 间的关系。
2019年-沉管隧道介绍(英文)-PPT精选文档-PPT精选文档
• Tides and current effects of the waterway must be evaluated to determine conditions during dredging and tube sinking operations.
• also suitable in water deeper than it is possible with the shield method, which essentially is restricted to less than 30 m of water (concerning the maximum air pressure at which workers can safely work).
Immersed tunnels are,
• more advantegous as a subaquous solution in soft soils
• increasingly used alternative to traditionally used shield tunnelling, without having the risks associated with pressure chambers and inrush of water.
• An aspect of more recent concern affecting construction is the possible presence of contaminated soils that must be removed for the tunnel trench. Ways of removing these soils and transporting them to depositories that are especially equipped to receive them are environmental problems requiring novel techniques and quality control procedures.
• also suitable in water deeper than it is possible with the shield method, which essentially is restricted to less than 30 m of water (concerning the maximum air pressure at which workers can safely work).
Immersed tunnels are,
• more advantegous as a subaquous solution in soft soils
• increasingly used alternative to traditionally used shield tunnelling, without having the risks associated with pressure chambers and inrush of water.
• An aspect of more recent concern affecting construction is the possible presence of contaminated soils that must be removed for the tunnel trench. Ways of removing these soils and transporting them to depositories that are especially equipped to receive them are environmental problems requiring novel techniques and quality control procedures.
桥梁与隧道工程英文简介(课堂PPT)
11
The tunnel structure
• The main body structure: In order to maintain the stability of rock mass and driving safety and built artificial permanent structure, usually refers to the hole body lining and tunnel portal structure
• In 1896, The British used compressed air and TBM for the first time to build underwater tunnel
10
The classification and function of the tunnel
• According to the stratigraphic points: rock tunnel, soil tunnel
6
In 1969,China has attracted worldwide attention of Nanjing Yangtze river bridge which designed, constructed by oursleves. Railway bridge part is 6772 m and Highway bridge section is 4589 m. Nanjing Yangtze river bridge shows the Bridges in China has reached the advanced world level, also is another important symbol on our bridge history.
The tunnel structure
• The main body structure: In order to maintain the stability of rock mass and driving safety and built artificial permanent structure, usually refers to the hole body lining and tunnel portal structure
• In 1896, The British used compressed air and TBM for the first time to build underwater tunnel
10
The classification and function of the tunnel
• According to the stratigraphic points: rock tunnel, soil tunnel
6
In 1969,China has attracted worldwide attention of Nanjing Yangtze river bridge which designed, constructed by oursleves. Railway bridge part is 6772 m and Highway bridge section is 4589 m. Nanjing Yangtze river bridge shows the Bridges in China has reached the advanced world level, also is another important symbol on our bridge history.
Lesson 07 Bridge(土木工程专业英语)PPT课件
土木工程专业英语
1
Lesson 7 Bridge 桥梁
New words and phrases:
valley 山谷 obstacle 障碍 aqueduct 沟渠；水道 pedestrian 行人 barge 游艇 isolated 孤立的；隔离的 log 圆木 vine 藤蔓 slant 倾斜 swift 迅速 subsoil 地基；地下
藤条被系在要跨越的溪流和峡谷两边的树木或岩石上。一根 或几根藤条被用来行走。其他的藤条被挂在几英尺高处用来供手 抓。
土木工程专业英语
6
Bridge
Although vine bridges are usually unstable, some built by the Incas were strong and stable enough to be used by the invading Spanish soldiers and their horses.
许多高架渠桥梁承担起了沟渠和驳船交通，这些桥梁大多数 修建于19世纪的欧洲；其中至少有一座，在纽约的肯尼迪机场， 是用来在公路上方运送滑行的飞机。
土木工程专业英语
3
aqueduct bridges
土木工程专业英语
4
Bridge
The first bridges built by man probably resembled those still being constructed by primitive peoples in isolated regions.
到目前为止，大多数桥梁是被设计用来承担汽车和铁路交通， 但是也有一些是只用作行人通行。
A number of aqueduct bridges, mostly erected in Europe in the 19th century, carry canals and their barge traffic；and at least one bridge, at New York City’s Kennedy AirPort, serves to carry taxying aircraft over a highway.
1
Lesson 7 Bridge 桥梁
New words and phrases:
valley 山谷 obstacle 障碍 aqueduct 沟渠；水道 pedestrian 行人 barge 游艇 isolated 孤立的；隔离的 log 圆木 vine 藤蔓 slant 倾斜 swift 迅速 subsoil 地基；地下
藤条被系在要跨越的溪流和峡谷两边的树木或岩石上。一根 或几根藤条被用来行走。其他的藤条被挂在几英尺高处用来供手 抓。
土木工程专业英语
6
Bridge
Although vine bridges are usually unstable, some built by the Incas were strong and stable enough to be used by the invading Spanish soldiers and their horses.
许多高架渠桥梁承担起了沟渠和驳船交通，这些桥梁大多数 修建于19世纪的欧洲；其中至少有一座，在纽约的肯尼迪机场， 是用来在公路上方运送滑行的飞机。
土木工程专业英语
3
aqueduct bridges
土木工程专业英语
4
Bridge
The first bridges built by man probably resembled those still being constructed by primitive peoples in isolated regions.
到目前为止，大多数桥梁是被设计用来承担汽车和铁路交通， 但是也有一些是只用作行人通行。
A number of aqueduct bridges, mostly erected in Europe in the 19th century, carry canals and their barge traffic；and at least one bridge, at New York City’s Kennedy AirPort, serves to carry taxying aircraft over a highway.
道桥专业英语一ppt课件
In the initial stages of road design it is usual for several alternative route proposals to be considered but only outline details of road center lines and estimates of speeds and flows are available.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
祈使语句和公式化表达方式
在理论分析和公式推导中常采用Assume that…，Suppose that…，Let…等祈使语气表达 方式。
So, next let us look at how to use SYNCHRO to do signal timing and simulation work.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
非人称的语气和客观的态度，常用It…结构
It is important, though, to design freeways, urban and rural, that provide a consistent roadway for drivers.
The most appropriate location, alignment, and shape of a highway are selected during the design stage. Highway design involves the consideration of three major factors (human, vehicular, and roadway) and how these factors interact to provide a safe highway. Human factors include reaction time for braking and steering, visual acuity for traffic signs and signals, and car-following behavior.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
祈使语句和公式化表达方式
在理论分析和公式推导中常采用Assume that…，Suppose that…，Let…等祈使语气表达 方式。
So, next let us look at how to use SYNCHRO to do signal timing and simulation work.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
非人称的语气和客观的态度，常用It…结构
It is important, though, to design freeways, urban and rural, that provide a consistent roadway for drivers.
The most appropriate location, alignment, and shape of a highway are selected during the design stage. Highway design involves the consideration of three major factors (human, vehicular, and roadway) and how these factors interact to provide a safe highway. Human factors include reaction time for braking and steering, visual acuity for traffic signs and signals, and car-following behavior.
土木工程桥梁专业英语省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
• the most commonly built and utilized bridge • the most simplified form • No moments are transferred throughout the
support
Arch Bridge
One or more arches Masonry, reinforced concrete or steel deck arch bridge(上承式拱桥) through arch
Designer: T.Y. Lin
The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau in southern France. it is the tallest bridge in the world
distributes stresses Natural concrete
made from mud and straw
History of Bridge Development
Zhaozhou Bridge 安济桥 600 A.D. CHINA Chinese oldest standing stone bridge Low bridge, shallow arch, allows boats and
Cable-Stayed Bridge
• Octávio Frias de Oliveira (圣保罗奥利韦尔)Bridge • São Paulo, Brazil, opened in May 2023 • two curved tracks supported by a single concrete
support
Arch Bridge
One or more arches Masonry, reinforced concrete or steel deck arch bridge(上承式拱桥) through arch
Designer: T.Y. Lin
The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau in southern France. it is the tallest bridge in the world
distributes stresses Natural concrete
made from mud and straw
History of Bridge Development
Zhaozhou Bridge 安济桥 600 A.D. CHINA Chinese oldest standing stone bridge Low bridge, shallow arch, allows boats and
Cable-Stayed Bridge
• Octávio Frias de Oliveira (圣保罗奥利韦尔)Bridge • São Paulo, Brazil, opened in May 2023 • two curved tracks supported by a single concrete
桥梁与隧道工程PPT课件演示
南斯拉夫克尔克桥 旧金山金门大桥 日本明石海峡大桥
土 木 工 程 概 论 第 6 章 桥梁与隧道工程
6.2 桥跨结构
• 6.2.1 桥梁的基本组成
– 桥跨结构（上部结构） – 桥墩、桥台（下部结构） – 墩台基础
• 6.2.2 桥梁的分类
– 安桥梁的基本体系分类 • 梁式桥、拱式桥、钢架桥、悬索桥、组合式桥
按隧道所处的空间位置可以将公路隧道分为： 1）越岭隧道：山岭地区公路从一个水系进入另一个
水系要翻越其间的分水岭，为缩短里程，克服高度或地形 障碍，往往要设置越岭隧道。
2）傍山隧道：山区道路通常傍山沿河而行，为改善 线形，提高车速、缩短里程、节省时间，常需要修建傍山 隧道，或称为河谷线隧道
3）城市水底隧道：多为城市港湾和河川有航运要求时， 为沟通水域两岸而修建的。
1、衬砌材料与构造
要求衬砌材料应有足够的强度、耐久性、抗渗性、耐腐蚀性 和抗冻性等。
另外还应从经济观点出发，使衬砌材料价格便宜，就地取材，便于施工。 通常采用：混凝土、钢筋混凝土、喷射混凝土、锚杆与喷锚 支护、石料、装配式材料等
土 木 工 程 概 论 第 6 章 桥梁与隧道工程 2、洞身衬砌类型
洞身衬砌分为：直墙式衬砌、曲墙式衬砌、喷射混凝土衬砌 喷锚衬砌、复合式衬砌、圆形断面隧道、矩形断面隧道等。
– 桥梁的其他分类简述 • 根据桥梁所用的材料：木桥、圬工桥、钢筋混凝土桥，预应力
混凝土桥和钢桥
• 桥梁所跨越的障碍物：跨河桥、跨海峡桥、立交桥、高架桥 • 桥梁的用途：公路桥、铁路桥、公铁两用桥、人行桥、运水桥、
农桥以及管道桥等
• 桥梁的全长和跨径：特大桥、大桥、中桥、小桥 • 桥面在桥跨中的位置：上承式、中承式、下承式
港珠澳大桥英语演讲课堂PPT课件PPT15页
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第11页，共15页。
4. The Immersed Tube Tunnel
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第12页，共15页。
4. The Immersed Tube Tunnel
The water resistance ratio must be limited to 10% to prevent accumulation of sediment at the Lingdingyang Channel, otherwise it will impose serious impact on the Pearl River flow path and flood-discharge capacity, according to a government report. Due to the long distances between the cities, the project is actually a series of bridges and tunnels, connected by artificial islands，this was the first time China has built an immersed tube tunnel （沉管隧道）in open waters.
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第8页，共15页。
2.Features and Difficulties
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the national key project featured with strategic significance, large involvement, highly difficult level of construction, long construction time, high requirement on technical design and environmental protection, many participant parties, complex management and coordination.
桥梁与隧道工程专业介绍
桥梁与隧道工程（081406）bridge and tunnel engineering学科门类：工学（08）一级学科：土木工程（0814）桥梁与隧道工程学科于2003年建立并列为硕士授权点，2004年获得博士学位授予权。
本学科主要研究领域：组合结构及新型结构桥梁设计理论；桥梁抗震、维护及灾后修复；大跨径桥梁安全监控；现代隧道工程设计理论；隧道工程灾害防治理论与技术。
立足于探讨和发现桥梁与隧道工程中的重大科学问题,解决大型桥梁与隧道工程在设计与施工中的关键技术问题。
近年来本学科承担了多项国家自然科学基金、江苏省自然科学基金、“863”、国家科技支撑项目、以及大型桥梁和隧道工程的技术研究课题，在科研和国家重点工程建设中取得了显著的成绩。
博士研究生毕业后主要在高等院校、科研院所、政府机关、设计研究院等部门工作。
一、培养要求本学科专业培养桥梁结构设计和工程建设方面的高层次创新人才。
要求具有坚实宽广的数学、力学和计算机应用方面的基础理论，系统深入的专业知识及相应的专业技能和方法。
熟练阅读外文资料、能用外语撰写科技论文和学术交流，掌握桥梁与隧道工程学科的前沿理论与学术动态。
能够胜任高校教学、科学研究或大型工程技术研发与管理等方面工作，具有独立从事本学科创造性科学研究的工作能力和实际工作的能力。
二、主要研究方向1、组合结构及新型预应力混凝土结构桥梁设计理论Design theory of composite and novel prestressed concrete bridge2、桥梁抗震、维护及灾后修复Bridge seismic、maintance and Post-disaster rehabilitation3、大跨径桥梁安全监控Safety monitoring and control of long-span bridge4、隧道工程灾害防治理论与技术Water disaster prevention and control of tunnel engineering5、现代隧道工程设计分析理论Design and analysis theory of modern tunnel engineering三、学分要求博士生课程总学分为18学分，其中学位课程为12学分，非学位课程为6学分。
第6章 桥梁工程精品PPT课件
⑵类型：简支梁式、连续梁式、伸臂梁式
连续梁式
伸臂梁式
简支梁桥
⑶.截面形式
实心 板式
空心 板式
T形梁式截面
箱形截面
⑷.著名桥梁工程
飞云江桥位于浙江省瑞安县、跨飞云江。是目前中国最大跨度的预应力混凝土简 支梁桥。
目前世界最大跨度的预应力混凝土简支梁桥为 奥地利的ALM桥，跨度为76m，建于1977年。
第六章 桥梁工程
Chapter 6 bridge engineering
引言
1. 桥梁工程的概念
指供公路、城市道
路、铁路、渠道、
管线等跨越水体、
山谷或彼此间相互
我国在桥梁建造史上，具有重要
跨越的工程构筑物， 的地位。公元前1184年，周文王时期，
是交通运输中重要 的组成部分。
在渭河上架设浮桥，据《诗经大雅大 明》记载，这是我国最早的大河桥梁。
拱上建筑（拱上结构）包括桥 面系和向主拱圈传递荷载的构 件或填充物。分为空腹式、实 腹式。
绍兴拜王桥
（2）拱桥的主要优点
• 跨越能力较大。钢筋混凝土拱桥目前在世界最大跨度为390m， 石拱桥为155m，钢拱桥为518m。
• 材料就地取材，与钢桥和钢筋混凝土梁式桥相比，可节省大 量的钢材和水泥。
根据其使用任务、性质和将来发展的需要， 全面贯彻安全、经济、适用和美观的方针。 满足四个方面的要求：
①使用上的要求 ②经济上的要求.2 桥梁工程设计要点
1.桥位选定
桥位在服从路线总方向的前提下，选在河道 顺直、河床稳定、水面较窄、水流平稳的河段。
2.确定桥梁总跨径与分孔数
• 能耐久，养护、维修费用少。 • 外形美观 • 构造较简单
公路桥
同济大学《隧道工程》课件Lessons6-Lighting
Glossary
1Illuminate
照亮
2Impede
minance is gradually reduced from the portal towards the interior of the tunnel.
1. Basics
• The following quantities are distinguished in photometry:
Glossary
2. Tunnel lighting criteria
• Transition zone
– The length of the transition zone can be evaluated by the time tr needed by the human eye to adapt from the luminescence Le at the end of the threshold zone to the one within the interior zone (fundamental lighting Li):
– Luminous flux (or luminous power) characterizes the power of a light source. It does not correspond to its power in terms of physics, because it takes the physiologic aspects of visibility into account. Luminous power is measured in lumen (lm). – The luminous power emitted in a particular direction is called luminous intensity and is measured in candela (cd = lm/sr, sr= Steradian). The luminance is measured in cd/m2.
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• In 1896, The British used compressed air and TBM for the first time to build underwater tunnel
10
The classification and function of the tunnel
• According to the stratigraphic points: rock tunnel, soil tunnel
· Materials used in the bridge:,masonry bridge,
reinforced concrete bridge, prestressed concrete bridge and steel bridge • Bridge application: highway bridge, railway bridge, iron bridge, pedestrian bridge, and pipeline bridge, etc
• According to the position: mountain tunnel, the urban tunnel, underwater tunnel
• According to the purpose: traffic tunnel, the hydraulic tunnel, municipal tunnel, the mine tunnel
Bridge and tunnel engineering
1
What is bridge?
• Bridges is a kind of architectural structures for railways, roads, channels, pipeline, vehicles, pedestrians to cross rivers, valleys, lakes or other obstacles
5
The basic purpose of bridge construction
Generally speaking, the bridge construction is the basic goal of safe, applicable, economic, beautiful. On the basic goals, it should be reflected in the development of bridge technology: Bridges with large span capacity and carrying capacity; Vehicle safety and passenger comfort.
6
In 1969,China has attracted worldwide attention of Nanjing Yangtze river bridge which designed, constructed by oursleves. Railway bridge part is 6772 m and Highway bridge section is 4589 m. Nanjing Yangtze river bridge shows the Bridges in China has reached the advanced world level, also is another important symbol on our bridge history.
2
The composition of the bridge
• Bridge span structure (Superstructure) • Bridge pier and abutment (infrastructure) • Pier foundation
3
The classification of the bridge
9
Tunnel development technology
• The fourteenth century --The invention of gunpowder used in tunnel excavation
• In 1818, Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM) was invented in Brussels
---According to the basic classification system of the bridge
• Beam bridge, arch bridge, steel bridge, suspension bridge, slab bridge
4
The other classification of the bridge
7
The trend of the development of the bridge
• Bridge Span increasing • More and more kinds of Bridge • Structure light-dutyngineering structures which build in the formation of underground. It is widely used in highway, railway, mining, hydropower, municipal engineering and national defense, etc
11
The tunnel structure
• The main body structure: In order to maintain the stability of rock mass and driving safety and built artificial permanent structure, usually refers to the hole body lining and tunnel portal structure
10
The classification and function of the tunnel
• According to the stratigraphic points: rock tunnel, soil tunnel
· Materials used in the bridge:,masonry bridge,
reinforced concrete bridge, prestressed concrete bridge and steel bridge • Bridge application: highway bridge, railway bridge, iron bridge, pedestrian bridge, and pipeline bridge, etc
• According to the position: mountain tunnel, the urban tunnel, underwater tunnel
• According to the purpose: traffic tunnel, the hydraulic tunnel, municipal tunnel, the mine tunnel
Bridge and tunnel engineering
1
What is bridge?
• Bridges is a kind of architectural structures for railways, roads, channels, pipeline, vehicles, pedestrians to cross rivers, valleys, lakes or other obstacles
5
The basic purpose of bridge construction
Generally speaking, the bridge construction is the basic goal of safe, applicable, economic, beautiful. On the basic goals, it should be reflected in the development of bridge technology: Bridges with large span capacity and carrying capacity; Vehicle safety and passenger comfort.
6
In 1969,China has attracted worldwide attention of Nanjing Yangtze river bridge which designed, constructed by oursleves. Railway bridge part is 6772 m and Highway bridge section is 4589 m. Nanjing Yangtze river bridge shows the Bridges in China has reached the advanced world level, also is another important symbol on our bridge history.
2
The composition of the bridge
• Bridge span structure (Superstructure) • Bridge pier and abutment (infrastructure) • Pier foundation
3
The classification of the bridge
9
Tunnel development technology
• The fourteenth century --The invention of gunpowder used in tunnel excavation
• In 1818, Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM) was invented in Brussels
---According to the basic classification system of the bridge
• Beam bridge, arch bridge, steel bridge, suspension bridge, slab bridge
4
The other classification of the bridge
7
The trend of the development of the bridge
• Bridge Span increasing • More and more kinds of Bridge • Structure light-dutyngineering structures which build in the formation of underground. It is widely used in highway, railway, mining, hydropower, municipal engineering and national defense, etc
11
The tunnel structure
• The main body structure: In order to maintain the stability of rock mass and driving safety and built artificial permanent structure, usually refers to the hole body lining and tunnel portal structure