教师招聘笔试浙江教师统考英语语言学考点梳理

浙江教师统考英语语言学考点梳理

漆家佳

在浙江省教师招聘考试统考笔试的过程中，对于英语语言学的考察是很多考生反馈的难点所在。下面，华图教师就近几年浙江省教师招聘统考英语专业知识的真题，为大家总结整理了近几年浙江生教师统考英语语言学常考点梳理，以期为各位考生复习提供便利，希望对各位考生的复习备考有所帮助。

总结梳理近几年浙江省教师统考中出现的语言学真题，我们可以发现其实纯粹考察大家语言学知识的题目并不是很多，基本上涉及题型有1-2道单选，1-2道填空题，因此单纯考察语言学知识的题目分值大概占4分左右。当然，虽然这部分分值不是很高，但是对于大部分考生来说，语言学是弱项，因此这4分很有可能成为决定性的拉分点，若能够顺利拿到语言学考点分值，那对于考生来说无疑是更胜一筹。通过分析总结近几年考试真题，我们将考试中出现频率最高，考查可能性最大的语言学知识点归纳为以下七类：

1. 语言学流派schools of modern linguistics;

（1）The Prague School

Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP)：

Theme主题: The point of departure of a sentence is equally present to the speaker and to the hearer – it is their rallying point, the ground on which they meet. This is called the theme.

Rheme述题: The goal of discourse of a sentence presents the very information that is to be imparted to the hearer. This is called the rheme.

（2）The London School

Malinowski’s theories：The meaning of an utterance does not come from the ideas of the words comprising it but from its relation to the situational context in which the utterance occurs.

Firth’s t heories：The meaning of any sentence consists of the following five parts:

(1) the relationship of each phoneme to its phonetic context

(2) the relationship of each lexical item to the others in the sentence

(3) the morphological relations of each word

(4) the sentence type of which the given sentence is an example

(5) the relationship of the sentence to its context of situation

Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar

Halliday's work stresses that language cannot be dissassociated from meaning. Systemic-functional linguistics (SFL), as it's name suggests, considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communicative activity.

（3）American Structuralism

Early period: Boas and Sapir

Bloomfield’s theory：L. Bloomfield is regarded as one of the founders and representative figures of American Structuralism at the beginning of the 20th century. He laid much emphasis on the objectivity and systematicity of observable data in his study of language. He was more interested in the ways items were arranged than in meaning. To him meaning was simply the relationship between a stimulus and a verbal response, which could hardly be explained by any rigorous analytical method. Stimulus and Reaction.

Post-Bloomfieldian linguistics: Influenced by Bloomfield’s Language, American linguists such as Z. Harris (1909 –), C. Hockett (1916 – 2000), G. Trager, H. L. Smithm, A. Hill, and R. Hall further developed structuralism, characterized by a strict empiricism.

（4）Transformational-Generative (TG) grammar

Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a Language Acquisition Device, which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. He argues the child comes into the world with specific innate endowment, not only with general tendencies or potentialities, but also with knowledge of the nature of language.

在这一部分考生只需了解各学派代表人物及其主要理论即可。如15年中学卷曾经考查过这样一道真题：

10. John Firth, Malinowski and Halliday are the representatives of ______ School, known as Functional Linguistics

A. Copenhagen

B. Prague

C. Behaviorism

D. London

2. 外语教学linguistics and foreign language teaching;

Various linguistic views and their significance in language learning and teaching