翻译课件——汉译英第4讲

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语序的调整
主体 行为标志 行为 行为客体
主语＋状语＋谓语＋ 主语＋状语＋谓语＋宾语
主语
行为
行为客体
行为标志
谓语＋ 主语 ＋ 谓语＋宾语 ＋状语 两种语言的对比
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• 定语的位置 • 状语的位置 • 叙事与表态的顺序
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• 定语的位置 我们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 We have tried every way possible. 我们要把祖国建设成社会主义的现代化强国。
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• 连动式和兼语式，译文选择一个主要动词 作谓语，其它动词用其他形式 • 市政府采取各种措施招商。 • The city government takes many measure to invite investment.
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• 招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来新加 坡洽谈项目。 • The delegation of inviting investment has attracted many businessmen from Southeast Asia to Singapore to hold talks on different projects.
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其他句子成分的安排
汉语 主题突出， 主题突出， 连动式， 连动式， 按时间顺序安排 英语 主语突出， 主语突出， 一个中心谓语
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• 我打算赶头班火车回北京。 • I am going to catch the first train back to Beijing. • 他们劝我采取“睁一只眼，闭一只眼”的 方针. • They persuaded me to adopt the live-andlet-live policy.
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• 想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。 • The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. • He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.
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• 必须与宾语搭配得当 • 从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史 方面的知识。 • We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.
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• 原文若是形容词短语、 名词性短语、数量 词或介词短语作谓语，译文中常采用系表 结构作谓语 • 你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经 久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用。 • You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.
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• 希望今后北京能够与更多的外国城市结为 友好城市。 It is hoped that Beijing will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.
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• 我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难 的。 • I know it is difficult for you to persuade him out of the plan.
汉译英的句法处理
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Outline
• • • • • • • 主语的确定 谓语的选择 主谓语确定后其他句子成分的安排 语序的调整 否定的翻译 是字句的翻译 把字句的翻译
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主语的必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习 俗 – 必须符合英美人的思维方式 – 必须符合句中应突出的信息 – 必须符合句中的逻辑关系
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• • • • •
状语的位置 汉语： 汉语： 时间 地点 方式 动词 英语： 英语： 动词 方式 地点 时间 每天早晨在教室里认真地学习 在教室里认真地学习。 他每天早晨在教室里认真地学习。 He studies hard in the classroom every morning.
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• 叙事与表态的顺序 • 如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。 • It would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us. • 驾车经过这一地区 真是太危险了。 • It is dangerous to drive through this area.
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• 近年来， 中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两 国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。
• In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. • Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. • China and Thailand, with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation. 26
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• 必须符合句中应突出的信息 …… 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100 余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议。 余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议。 By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-and small-sized vessels.
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• 我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下的李姐打电 话差不多，一拨就通。 • An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs.
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• • • •
必须符合句中的逻辑关系 他的英语讲得很好。 他的英语讲得很好。 His English speaks good. He speaks good English.
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– 必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗
热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作， 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作， 客商来此进一步加强合作 建立和发展贸易。 建立和发展贸易。 Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts.
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• 被动式的翻译 • 又一座立交桥将于年底通车。(含义被动） Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year. 家家房顶上都装了供沐浴用的太阳能热水器。 （泛指主语） A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house, providing warm water for the shower.
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否定的翻译
• 正说反译，反说正译
– 否定译成肯定 – 肯定译成否定 – 否定转移
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• 否定译成肯定 • 在收据尚未签字以前不得付款。 在收据尚未签字以前不得付款 不得付款。 • Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid. • 她抱怨名单上没有她的名字。 她抱怨名单上没有她的名字 没有她的名字。 • She complained about the omission of her name from the list.
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• 我们事业从胜利走向胜利。 • We have won one victory after another for our cause. • Our cause has won victories one after another. • A series of victories have been won for our cause.
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• 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加 快发展。 • Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country.
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• 时态与原文语义相吻合 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆 炸。 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.
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• 必须符合英美人的思维方式 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. 下倾盆大雨了。 下倾盆大雨了。 It is raining cats and dogs.
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• 南京发生过许多重大的历史事件。 • Nanjing witnessed many great historic events.
1 2 3
We will build our motherland into a modern powerful 2 3 socialist country.
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• 那是中国内地出版的第一份报纸 • That was the first newspaper that had been published in inland China. • 他是一位中国现代优秀作家。 • He is an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer.
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• 他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无 论什么时候你都不会忘记。 He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten.
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• 逻辑上与主语搭配得当 • 这一证书课程分在三年中学完。 • This certificate course of studies will spread over three yearS. • 这次旅游可选择的地方有北京、上海或西 安。 • The tour will include Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an.
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谓语的选择
• 人称和数与主语保持一致 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。 The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas.
• The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.