2016专题四形容词与副词

高考考点归纳

1. 比较级和最高级

1). 形容词和副词的比较级,最高级的特定结构

2). 修饰形容词,副词比较级和最高级的词的顺序

3). 比较级结构和潜在比较级的问题

2. 形容词,副词的意义和用法

3. 形容词,副词的排列顺序

一、形容词

1. 定义

是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前

Eg: I have a big bag.

2. 基本用法:

可做 1)定语(放在名词前); 2)表语(放在系动词后); 3)宾语补足语; 4)the+形容词可转化为名词

1)Jim is a diligent boy.

2)John is honest and warm-hearted.

Father got angry when he heard the news.

3)You must keep the room clean. Don’t leave the door open.

4) The young are energetic and enthusiastic.

3.几种特殊情况，须牢记：

1).形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

eg. a language difficult to master a leaning tower about 180 feet high 2). 表语形容词（afraid , alike , alone , asleep, awake , alive 等）作定语，定语

后置如 a man alive

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well , faint ,ill 只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为“bad” 。

3). 形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。

4). else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

5).多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序

如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；

如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small beautiful room。

常用的顺序为：限－数－描－形－新－颜－国－材（＋名词）

Eg: The first beautiful large long new red Chinese concrete bridge .

请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。

a nice big new Chinese china vase

4.复合形容词的构成

1）.形＋名＋ed kind - hearted white – haired

2）.形＋形 red – hot dark – blue

3）.形＋现分 good – looking easy – going

4）.副词＋现分 hard – working fast – moving

5）.副词＋过分 hard – won newly – made

6）.名＋形 life – long world – famous

7）.名＋现分 peace – loving fun – loving

8） . 名＋过分 snow – covered hand –made

9）. 数＋名＋ed four storeyed three – legged

10）. 数＋名 ten-year two - man

5.形容词的比较等级

表示形容词原级的句型：

①双方相等时，用句型“...as+形容词原级+as...” / “...the same（+名词）+as ...” Eg: He is as intelligent as his sister.

He has the same intelligence as his sister.

He is as intelligent a student as his sister.

②双方不相等时，

•用句型“...not so / as+形容词原级+as...” / “...be different from...”

Learning English is not so hard as learning Russia.

English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.

③一方是另一方的若干倍时，

表示倍数的结构有以下几种：

1 .A is three (four , etc .) times/half/one third the size (height , length…)of

B .如：

Their library is twice the size of ours .

2 .A is three (four , etc .)times/half/one third as big (high , long…)as B .如：

The new bridge is three times as long as the old one .

3 .A is three (four , etc .)times/half/one third bigger (higher , longer…)than

B .如：

Your school is three times bigger than ours .

4. 表示形容词比较级的句型：

1)表示一方超过另一方时，用“形容词比较级+than...”，而且可以用much , even, a lot, any, still, a bit, a little, a great deal , …times, …%,far, by far等副词修饰形容词比较级；

The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.

Is this hotel any better than the one we lived in last time?

2)表示一方不如另一方时，用“...less+形容词原级+than...”；

I admit that I am less brave than you.

He is less nervous than you.

3).表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用

“the + 比较级... the + 比较级...”（越…越…）如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.

4).不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋ and + 比较级”结构，表示越来越

Our country is becoming more and morebeautiful and richer and richer.

5). more…. than…与其说…倒不如说

•It is more like a wall than a spear.

•They are more like father and son than teacher and student.

•Smith is more diligent than intelligent.

6).not+比较级纯表示比较

•no+比较级含有对两者的否定

•I am not better at English than you.

•I am no better at English than you.

•(Imply :Neither you nor I am good at English.)