公交站场选址布局优化模型和算法

公交站场选址布局优化模型和算法

魏明;陈学武;孙博

【摘要】现有研究没有将公交站场选址和线路车辆停放调度作为一个整体,无法发挥整个公交系统的最大效率.针对此缺陷,根据不同线路的首末站在时间和空间上的停车需求不平衡性,综合考虑车场能力、建设成本和最大里程等现实因素,以极小化所有公交车的行驶里程为目标,建立一种公交站场选址布局优化模型,确定站场的最佳位置和泊位数,将各线路的所有车辆安排至相应站场.根据问题特征,设计求解该问题的两阶段启发式算法,给出了具体求解流程,并分析其计算复杂性.最后,结合一个算例,计算最佳的公交站场选址方案,分析参数灵敏性对其布局的影响程度,从而验证模型和算法的有效性.%Existing studies have not integrated bus station parked vehicle location and route scheduling as a whole, which cannot maximize the efficiency of the entire transit system. For the imbalance in time and space of number of parking vehicles belonged to all of start-end stops, this paper studies a mixed integer programming model for bus parking site layout optimization problem. The model involves how to determine the best location and the number of parking station, and arrange all vehicles belong to each route to the appropriate parking station. The objective is to minimize a total of round-trip mileages for all buses from start-end stops to parking stations, where some realistic constraints such as station' s capacity, construction costs and maximum mileage etc are considered. According to characteristic of the model, a two-stage heuristic algorithm, which gives specific solving process and analyzes its computational complexity, is proposed to obtain the model' s non-inferior solutions.

Finally, a numerical example is taken to calculate its best scheme and analyze influence of parameters' sensitivity on them, which shows model and its algorithm' correctness and effectiveness.

【期刊名称】《交通运输系统工程与信息》

【年(卷),期】2015(015)004

【总页数】5页(P113-117)

【关键词】城市交通;站场选址布局;停车方案;两阶段启发式算法

【作者】魏明;陈学武;孙博

【作者单位】东南大学城市智能交通江苏省重点实验室,南京210096;南通大学交通学院,江苏南通226019;东南大学城市智能交通江苏省重点实验室,南京210096;南通大学交通学院,江苏南通226019

【正文语种】中文

【中图分类】TP301.6;U116.2

Absttrraacctt：Existing studies have not integrated bus station parked vehicle location and route scheduling as a whole, which cannot maximize the efficiency of the entire transit system. For the imbalance in time and space of number of parking vehicles belonged to all of start-end stops, this paper studies a mixed integer programming model for bus parking site layout optimization problem. The model involves how to determine the best location and the number of parking station, and arrange all vehicles belong to each route to the appropriate parking station. The objective is to

minimize a total of round-trip mileages for all buses from start-end stops

to parking stations, where some realistic constraints such as station' s capacity, construction costs and maximum mileage etc are considered. According to characteristic of the model, a two-stage heuristic algorithm, which gives specific solving process and analyzes its computational complexity, is proposed to obtain the model' s non-inferior solutions. Finally, a numerical example is taken to calculate its best scheme and analyze influence of parameters' sensitivity on them, which shows model and its algorithm' correctness and effectiveness.

Key woorrddss：urban traffic; parking site layout; parking plan; two-stage heuristic algorithm

由于城市居民出行在时间和空间上不均衡，每条线路配备不同数量车辆，当日常运营开始或结束时，因首末站自身没有足够多的泊位数，大部分公交车均需往返于首末站和站场之间.针对不同线路的首末站在时间和空间上的停车需求不平衡性，考

虑土地利用性质的影响，若公交站场的建设规模及布局缺乏科学规划，必然出现部分站场的泊位数不足或资源浪费、往返空驶里程较多等现象[1,2].因此，如何合理

布设公交站场的规模与数量，显得尤为重要.

公交站场选址布局优化问题（Bus Parking Site Layout Optimization Problem，BPSLOP）主要解决两个问题：①站场选址和规模；②线路车辆停放.BPSLOP与

一般选址问题类似[3]，可借鉴其研究思路和方法.目前，BPSLOP的研究文献较少，多数侧重于定性分析[4,5]，较少涉及定量研究.在定量研究方面，前者一般利用重

力模型进行站场选址[6]，或根据客流决定[7]；后者是一个运输优化问题，邹成伟

研究了一类公交站场优化选址模型，并利用单纯形法进行求解[8]；宋世辉提出了

一类多目标公交站场设施布置优化模型[9].此外，部分学者利用DEA/AHP多角度