张奎武《英美概况》笔记及习题 美国(自然地理)【圣才出品】

第1章自然地理

1.1 复习笔记

I. Three Geographical Divisions

II. The Three Major River Systems

III. Climate

IV. Natural Resources

V. Territory

I. Three Geographical Divisions (三个地理分区)

The United States can be divided into three parts according to its geographical features.

(1) The eastern part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range. In the east of the upland belt lies the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

(2) The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.

①The Rocky Mountains reach from the Canadian border, through Wyoming, Utah and Colorado, into New Mexico having an average altitude of more than 3000 meters above sea level.

②In the west of the Rocky Mountains lie two plateaus: the Colorado Plateaus in

the south and the Columbia Plateau in the north.

③The Colorado Plateaus are threaded by many deep valleys or canyons known as Colorado Valley, also called Grand Canyon, in northern Arizona.

④Between the two plateaus lies the Great Basin, including the whole of Nevada, a small section of Oregon and the southeastern part of California.

⑤Along the Pacific Coast Line is the Pacific Mountain System which contains two major chains of mountains.

(3) Between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians lies the central plain.

①The Great Plains is also a treeless plateau that gently rises from the central lowlands to the foothills of the Rocky Mts.

②Mount Rushmore National Memorial, located in Black Hills, attracts more than 20000 tourists daily during the summer.

③Crazy Horse Memorial, the world’s largest mountain sculpture in progress, is in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

根据美国的地理特征，全国可分为三大地区。

(1) 东部是阿巴拉契亚山地。其东部是大西洋海岸平原。

(2) 西部是科迪勒拉山系形成的高原和山地。

①落基山脉起源于加拿大边境，通过怀俄明州，犹他州和科罗拉多州，进入新墨西哥州，海拔高于3000米。

②落基山脉的西部是两大高原：南部的科罗拉多高原和北部的哥伦比亚高原。

③科罗拉多大峡谷位于亚利桑那州的南部，有很多深谷，穿过科罗拉多高原。

④两大高原之间有大盆地，包括内华达州全境，俄勒冈州的一部分和加利福尼亚州的东南

部。

⑤沿着太平洋海岸是太平洋山系，包括两大山群。

(3) 落基山脉和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间是中央平原。

①大平原也是从中心低地到落基山脉的无树高原。

②位于布拉克山的总统山纪念碑，每年夏天每天2万多游客前来观看。

③世界上在建的最大山体雕塑—疯马巨石，位于南达科他州的布拉克山。

II. The Three Major River Systems (三大主要河流水系)

The three river systems in the United States are the system of the Gulf, the system of the Atlantic and the system of the Pacific.

(1) The Mississippi River is the longest and the most important river in the system of the Gulf.

(2) There are no long rivers in the system of the Atlantic.

(3) In the system of the Pacific, there are two major rivers: the Columbia River and the Colorado River.

(4)The five Great Lakes lying between the boundary of Canada and the United States are: Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario.

(5) The world-famous Niagara Falls are located on the U.S.A. Canadian boundary.

(6) In northern Utah, there is a lake called the Great Salt Lake. It is the largest inland salt lake in North America.

美国的三大河流水系是海湾水系，大西洋水系和太平洋水系。

(1) 海湾水系中，密西西比河是最长的，最重要的河流。