下肢的前面解剖资料

Surface projection of great saphenous vein
Surface view of great saphenous vein
Tributaries: At the ankle it receives branches from the sole of the foot through the medial marginal vein; in the leg it anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein, communicates with the anterior and posterior tibial veins and receives many cutaneous veins; in the thigh it communicates with the femoral vein and receives numerous tributaries; near the fossa ovalis it is joined by the Superficial circumflex iliac vein, Superficial epigastric vein, Superficial lateral thigh vein, Superficial medial thigh vein, External pudendal vein
三个途径 1、关节囊的小动脉 （2）四组：
上动脉：骺外侧动脉、干骺端上侧动脉 下动脉：骺内侧动脉、干骺端下侧动脉 股骨颈前动脉 股骨颈后动脉 2、股骨干滋养动脉升支 3、股骨头韧带的小动脉
股前内侧区
（一）浅层结构 1、皮肤薄厚不均，内侧较薄而柔软，外侧较厚。 2、浅筋膜——浅筋膜近腹股沟处分为两层， • 浅层为脂肪层，与腹前下壁的脂肪层 （Camper筋膜） 相续； • 深层为膜性层，与腹前下壁的膜性层 （Scarpa筋膜）相续。 •膜性层在腹股沟韧带下方约1cm处于股部深筋膜 （阔筋膜）相融合。
（1）浅动脉： 旋髂浅动脉、腹壁浅动脉、 阴部外动脉
（2）浅静脉：大隐静脉及其5条属支 旋髂浅静脉、腹壁浅静脉、阴部外静脉、 股外侧浅静脉、股内侧浅静脉
（3）浅皮神经 ： 股外侧皮神经 ——来自腰丛 股神经前皮支 ——来自股神经 股神经内侧皮支 ——来自股神经
The course of great saphenous vein
小腿前外侧区深筋膜较致密。 在胫侧，与胫骨体内侧面的骨膜紧密融合； 在腓侧，发出前、后肌间隔止于腓骨骨膜。 这样，前、后肌间隔，胫、腓骨骨膜与骨间膜共同围成 前、外侧骨筋膜鞘，容纳相应肌群及血管、神经。
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK
三个途径 1、关节囊的小动脉 （1）动脉环
下肢前面的解剖
Department of Anatomy ，Medical College，Qingdao University
源自文库
概述
•下肢前面可分为四个区域： 股前区、 膝前区、 小腿前区、 足背。
•本次课主要操作股前区和小腿前区。 •股前区与腹、盆腔之间有许多结构是相互延续的。 这些结构往往通过二个重要的通道：肌腔隙与血管腔隙。
Clinical note: First, in emergency, great saphenous vein may be opened surgically for intravenous drip for the patients suffering from insufficiency of body fluid.
The great saphenous vein, the longest vein in the body, is located in the superficial fascia, it begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and ends in the femoral vein about 3 cm below the inguinal ligament.
Clinical note: S Second, it provides anatomical basis for high ligature of great saphenous vein for patient with varicose vein.
Clinical note: Third, great saphenous vein as venous graft can be used in the coronary bypass surgery for coronary heart disease.
The course of great saphenous vein
It ascends in front of the medial malleolus and along the medial side of the leg in relation with the saphenous nerve. It runs upward behind the medial condyles of the tibia and femur and along the medial side of the thigh and, passing through the fossa ovalis, ends in the femoral vein.
Tributaries near the end of great saphenous vein
Superficial circumflex iliac vein Superficial epigastric vein Superficial lateral thigh vein Superficial medial thigh vein External pudendal vein