英语学术论文写作
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
•规范性 （格式） • 创新性（要求较低）
评价学士论文的方法
• 1、 书面审阅。 • 2、公开答辩。是评审学术论文价值的常见方式。可以集思广义，修改充实，
提高论文质量。是在书面审阅后的一种答辩评价。一般侧重于：
• 1） 论文中是否有阐述不清、重点不突出的； • 2）论文中是否有重大遗漏、失误的； • 3）对论文涉及的创造性问题有无更充分的材料； • 4）论文涉及的学科范围内基础知识的深度、广度是否牢固。
CLASS 1
PICKING AN A++ TOPIC
PART 1
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?
•It is a paper that:
•presents an original approach to some academic topic, •organized around a central thesis, •using insights based on research, and •citing sources in a scholarly fashion.
meaning and theme, thus striking the reader as having some deliberate and
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
17
LANGUAGE FEATURES
1) 词汇特色
在词汇表达上，英语学术论文用词规范、严谨；多倾向于使用正式语体的词语， 除非出于修辞效果上的考虑，一般不用俚、俗语，力求给人以持重感，避免 流于谐谑、轻诮；较多使用专业化技术词汇。为摆脱句子冗长、结构盘结之 弊，学术英语重简明、畅达，重条理性、纪实性和充分的论据，它强调论理 的客观性，不主张作者表露个人的感情，倡导在论证中排除感情因素，尽其 “解释”而非“感召”之功能，因而用词正式，多使用中性词、非人格化的 词
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
I. 英语学术论文的性质
•英语学术论文是指用英语撰写的自然科学和社会科学的著 作，既可指用于发表的科技论文和报告，也可指非正式发 表的实验报告和方案，各类科技情报和文字资料，科技使 用手册;也包括大学本科生、研究生的学期论文和毕业论文。
II.课程论文，学年论文，学位论文
课程论文（COURSE WORK ESSAY)：本科生在高年级阶段就各类专
业课程或选修课程所提交的小论文。写法随意，简单明了，围绕所学 课程，就任课老师布置的问题或自己所发现的问题发表一些见解和观 点
学年论文(TERM PAPER)：大学高年级阶段在有经验的教师指导下完
成的为获取学分的论文。属于比较正规的论文写作。要求学生在已有 知识的基础上稍稍深入研究一些专业性的问题，并力所能及地提出一 些新见解，新观点，新认识等，在行文写法方面逐渐走向规范。
WHY IS LEARNING TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER IMPORTANT?
•The ability to do research and use it intelligently in writing is a basic
tool of any educated person.
学位论文（毕业论文）: 完成四年的学业时，按照一定的要求，就本
学科的某一学术问题撰写论文，并就论文所研究的问题进行程序性的 学术答辩。
学士论文的主要特点
•专业性 • 科学性：选题合理，数据资料翔实，结论正确，表述逻辑严谨，
方法科学
•学术性 (理论性）：运用理论正确，具备论文的论点，论据和论 证。围绕论文主论题，分论题，中心论点筛选论据，论文要有必 要的论述和论证，能合理地引经据典，文中能恰到好处地运用专 业理论和最新理论。
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS
• SUBJECT
• a very broad category—a general area of interest—usually assigned by your teacher
• TOPIC
• more specific focus within the general subject—developed by the student • —the narrower, the better • does your research paper describe a topic area that can be covered adequately and
draw conclusions from information sources is crucial to everyday decisions.
PART 2
FROM SUBJECT TO TOPIC
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS
•SUBJECT •TOPIC •QUESTION •THESIS
artistic touch.
MORE EXAMPLES
• SUBJECT
• Second language acquisition
• TOPIC
• Learner error analysis
• QUESTION
• How did spell and grammar checkers change the error patterns in college students’ English writing exercises?
• 1)使用词的完整形式，避免使用省略形式：使用DO NOT 而非DON’T; WILL
NOT 而非WON’T; IT IS / IT HAS而非IT’S；THERE IS 而非THERE’S; THEY HAVE 而非 THEY’VE,等。
• 2)使用正式或标准词，避免使用不正规或非标准的词或词组，诸如口语、俚语和
• a strong thesis can usually be stated in a single sentence • the sentence that states your thesis may appear in your final paper
MORE EXAMPLES
• SUBJECT
• the largest group was only injected with the test compound. (表示not give the compound in any other way).
• THESIS
• Statistical analysis from data collected shows that spell checkers significantly improve students’ spelling but grammar checkers do not function the same way.
• THESIS
• The analysis shows that the repetition of certain nouns in the novel is
expressive in that it gives emphasis or emotive heightening to the repeated
• 6） 注意起修饰、限制作用单词的位置。 例如： • only the largest group was injected with the test compound. (表示no other
group).
• the largest group was injected with only the test compound. (表示no other compounds).
RESEARCH PAPER WRITING
ZOE
REQUIREMENTS: PAPER RELATED
• Topic Selecting • Background Reading • Note Taking • Focus Statement • Outline • First Draft • Final Draft
interestingly in just 10-15 pages?
• QUESTION
• the best topics are build around intriguing questions
• THESIS
• states what you want to say about the topic—your conclusion based on your research and thought
忌讳性的词组： 用CANNOT TOLERATE IT 代替 CAN’T HACK IT; 用I DO NOT HAVE ANY IDEA…代替 I DON’T HAVE A CLUE…; 用PLEASE GO AWAY 代替 FLAKE OFF.
• 3)使用具体的词和词组，避免使用模糊或不确切的术语：避免使用 BIT, THING,
STUFF 等词。
• 4) 尽量选用单词的首要含义，避免利用单词不常见、不正式或文学含义的词：
例如：
• A) 表示原因时，避免使用具有较强时间含义的 “SINCE” 来代替 “BECAUSE”。 • 劣 ： Since solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization 来自百度文库s a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
THE LENGTH OF A RESEARCH PAPER
•Scholarly magazines or journals
• very short, 3-5 pages in length
•PhD thesis
• hundreds of pages
•Required paper
• 10-15 pages, 20 pound space, 4000-5000 words
•In today’s “knowledge economy”, more and more people are using
research skills in their daily work.
•Understanding how to analyze, evaluate, criticize, combine, and
• 5） 避免使用双重否定表达法。如： • 劣：this reaction is not uncommon. • 优：this reaction is common; 或： this reaction is rare; 或： this reaction occurs
about 40% of the time.
评价学士论文的方法
• 1、 书面审阅。 • 2、公开答辩。是评审学术论文价值的常见方式。可以集思广义，修改充实，
提高论文质量。是在书面审阅后的一种答辩评价。一般侧重于：
• 1） 论文中是否有阐述不清、重点不突出的； • 2）论文中是否有重大遗漏、失误的； • 3）对论文涉及的创造性问题有无更充分的材料； • 4）论文涉及的学科范围内基础知识的深度、广度是否牢固。
CLASS 1
PICKING AN A++ TOPIC
PART 1
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?
•It is a paper that:
•presents an original approach to some academic topic, •organized around a central thesis, •using insights based on research, and •citing sources in a scholarly fashion.
meaning and theme, thus striking the reader as having some deliberate and
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
17
LANGUAGE FEATURES
1) 词汇特色
在词汇表达上，英语学术论文用词规范、严谨；多倾向于使用正式语体的词语， 除非出于修辞效果上的考虑，一般不用俚、俗语，力求给人以持重感，避免 流于谐谑、轻诮；较多使用专业化技术词汇。为摆脱句子冗长、结构盘结之 弊，学术英语重简明、畅达，重条理性、纪实性和充分的论据，它强调论理 的客观性，不主张作者表露个人的感情，倡导在论证中排除感情因素，尽其 “解释”而非“感召”之功能，因而用词正式，多使用中性词、非人格化的 词
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
I. 英语学术论文的性质
•英语学术论文是指用英语撰写的自然科学和社会科学的著 作，既可指用于发表的科技论文和报告，也可指非正式发 表的实验报告和方案，各类科技情报和文字资料，科技使 用手册;也包括大学本科生、研究生的学期论文和毕业论文。
II.课程论文，学年论文，学位论文
课程论文（COURSE WORK ESSAY)：本科生在高年级阶段就各类专
业课程或选修课程所提交的小论文。写法随意，简单明了，围绕所学 课程，就任课老师布置的问题或自己所发现的问题发表一些见解和观 点
学年论文(TERM PAPER)：大学高年级阶段在有经验的教师指导下完
成的为获取学分的论文。属于比较正规的论文写作。要求学生在已有 知识的基础上稍稍深入研究一些专业性的问题，并力所能及地提出一 些新见解，新观点，新认识等，在行文写法方面逐渐走向规范。
WHY IS LEARNING TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER IMPORTANT?
•The ability to do research and use it intelligently in writing is a basic
tool of any educated person.
学位论文（毕业论文）: 完成四年的学业时，按照一定的要求，就本
学科的某一学术问题撰写论文，并就论文所研究的问题进行程序性的 学术答辩。
学士论文的主要特点
•专业性 • 科学性：选题合理，数据资料翔实，结论正确，表述逻辑严谨，
方法科学
•学术性 (理论性）：运用理论正确，具备论文的论点，论据和论 证。围绕论文主论题，分论题，中心论点筛选论据，论文要有必 要的论述和论证，能合理地引经据典，文中能恰到好处地运用专 业理论和最新理论。
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS
• SUBJECT
• a very broad category—a general area of interest—usually assigned by your teacher
• TOPIC
• more specific focus within the general subject—developed by the student • —the narrower, the better • does your research paper describe a topic area that can be covered adequately and
draw conclusions from information sources is crucial to everyday decisions.
PART 2
FROM SUBJECT TO TOPIC
FOUR KEY ELEMENTS
•SUBJECT •TOPIC •QUESTION •THESIS
artistic touch.
MORE EXAMPLES
• SUBJECT
• Second language acquisition
• TOPIC
• Learner error analysis
• QUESTION
• How did spell and grammar checkers change the error patterns in college students’ English writing exercises?
• 1)使用词的完整形式，避免使用省略形式：使用DO NOT 而非DON’T; WILL
NOT 而非WON’T; IT IS / IT HAS而非IT’S；THERE IS 而非THERE’S; THEY HAVE 而非 THEY’VE,等。
• 2)使用正式或标准词，避免使用不正规或非标准的词或词组，诸如口语、俚语和
• a strong thesis can usually be stated in a single sentence • the sentence that states your thesis may appear in your final paper
MORE EXAMPLES
• SUBJECT
• the largest group was only injected with the test compound. (表示not give the compound in any other way).
• THESIS
• Statistical analysis from data collected shows that spell checkers significantly improve students’ spelling but grammar checkers do not function the same way.
• THESIS
• The analysis shows that the repetition of certain nouns in the novel is
expressive in that it gives emphasis or emotive heightening to the repeated
• 6） 注意起修饰、限制作用单词的位置。 例如： • only the largest group was injected with the test compound. (表示no other
group).
• the largest group was injected with only the test compound. (表示no other compounds).
RESEARCH PAPER WRITING
ZOE
REQUIREMENTS: PAPER RELATED
• Topic Selecting • Background Reading • Note Taking • Focus Statement • Outline • First Draft • Final Draft
interestingly in just 10-15 pages?
• QUESTION
• the best topics are build around intriguing questions
• THESIS
• states what you want to say about the topic—your conclusion based on your research and thought
忌讳性的词组： 用CANNOT TOLERATE IT 代替 CAN’T HACK IT; 用I DO NOT HAVE ANY IDEA…代替 I DON’T HAVE A CLUE…; 用PLEASE GO AWAY 代替 FLAKE OFF.
• 3)使用具体的词和词组，避免使用模糊或不确切的术语：避免使用 BIT, THING,
STUFF 等词。
• 4) 尽量选用单词的首要含义，避免利用单词不常见、不正式或文学含义的词：
例如：
• A) 表示原因时，避免使用具有较强时间含义的 “SINCE” 来代替 “BECAUSE”。 • 劣 ： Since solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization 来自百度文库s a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
THE LENGTH OF A RESEARCH PAPER
•Scholarly magazines or journals
• very short, 3-5 pages in length
•PhD thesis
• hundreds of pages
•Required paper
• 10-15 pages, 20 pound space, 4000-5000 words
•In today’s “knowledge economy”, more and more people are using
research skills in their daily work.
•Understanding how to analyze, evaluate, criticize, combine, and
• 5） 避免使用双重否定表达法。如： • 劣：this reaction is not uncommon. • 优：this reaction is common; 或： this reaction is rare; 或： this reaction occurs
about 40% of the time.